E- SAT. December 4. Vaf Glossary.

Pelvic pain refers to pain that is experienced in the lower area of the abdomen. This can include pain in the pelvic region, lower back, hips, and groin. It can be caused by various factors such as menstrual cramps, urinary tract infections, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gastrointestinal issues. It is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of pelvic pain and to receive appropriate treatment.

Contamination refers to the process of making something impure. It involves the introduction of unwanted substances or elements into a previously pure or clean entity. This can occur through various means such as pollution, mixing of different substances, or exposure to harmful agents. Contamination can have negative effects on the quality, safety, and functionality of the contaminated entity, whether it is a material, environment, or solution.

A toxin is a poisonous substance that can cause harm or damage to living organisms. It is typically produced by certain plants, animals, or microorganisms and can have detrimental effects on the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Toxins can be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and they can cause a wide range of symptoms and health problems, ranging from mild to severe. Therefore, the correct answer is "Poisonous substance."

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that makes them resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. This enzyme is able to break down and deactivate beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, rendering them ineffective in treating infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria. The correct answer is "Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase".

Hyperglycemia refers to a high blood glucose level. It occurs when there is an excess amount of glucose in the bloodstream, often due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. This condition is commonly associated with diabetes and can lead to various symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, hyperglycemia can cause serious complications, including damage to the blood vessels, nerves, and organs. Therefore, it is important to manage blood glucose levels through proper diet, exercise, medication, and regular monitoring.

The correct answer is "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration". Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a drug or antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of a specific microorganism. It is an important measure used in microbiology and clinical laboratories to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents against bacteria or fungi. The MIC value helps in determining the appropriate dosage of the drug and its potential to effectively treat an infection.

H.P.L.C stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This technique is used in chemistry and biochemistry to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It involves passing a liquid sample through a column filled with a stationary phase, where different components in the sample interact differently with the stationary phase and thus separate from each other. The separated components can then be detected and analyzed. H.P.L.C is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and food and beverage testing, due to its high sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency.

"Dilates" refers to the process of expanding or enlarging something. It is the opposite of contraction, which involves making something smaller or tighter. In the context of the question, "dilates" likely refers to the expansion of a certain object or body part. This expansion can occur in various contexts, such as blood vessels dilating to allow for increased blood flow or the pupils of the eyes dilating in response to dim light.

Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease or harm to their host. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These harmful microorganisms can invade the body, reproduce, and cause damage to tissues and organs, leading to illness or infection. They can be transmitted through various means such as direct contact, contaminated food or water, or through the air. Pathogens are different from helpful microorganisms or friendly bacteria, as they do not provide any benefits to their host and instead pose a threat to their health and well-being.

Colic refers to a condition characterized by spasms and pain. It can occur in various parts of the body, such as the colon or bile duct. The term "spasm + pain" indicates that colic involves both muscle contractions (spasms) and discomfort or distress (pain). This combination of symptoms is commonly associated with colic.