DB CH 9

1. A good practive for investigators is to have multiple people identify the deceased to avoid mistaken identity

True

False

2. The clearance rate for murders is much higher than for any other type of crime

True

False

3. In recent years, gunshot residue (GSR) has been somewhat discredited and its usefulness limited, if not disregarded

True

False

4. The most important variable on body decomposition is it's accessability to insects, particularly flies

True

False

5. A victim's declaration of a suspect's identity is valid only if the victim does indeed die of the wounds inflicted

True

False

6. Rigor mortis usually sets in about nine hours after death occurs

True

False

7. 90% of all people who die by suicide have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder at the time of their death

True

False

8. Some states permit the admission of dying declarations in all situations (other than homicide or civil)

True

False

9. Under Federal rules of evidence, dying declarations must be offered in a criminal prosecution only for murder or in a civil action

True

False

10. Evidence of soot is present with contact wounds

True

False

11. The NCACV is conducted by the U.S. Marshal's service

True

False

12. A gunshot entry wound is always smaller than its exit wound

True

False

13. Bodies found in water generally decompose about twice as fast as do those found in air

True

False

14. Tiny pinpoint hemorrhages may result from the discharge of unburned powder being deposited into the skin called _______

Smudging

Tattooing

Gun shot residue

Entrance wounds

15. Which is true regarding exit wounds?

Small amount of blood

Ragged appearance

Smudging ring

Tattooing

16. Firearms are used in more suicides than in homicides

True

False

17. A student kills his parents at their home then drives to school and kills two students. Which best describes these wrongful deaths?

A spree

A mass murder

A serial murder

A crime of passion

18. Which aspect of homicide investigations is most prone to error?

Determining the cause of death

Preserving the crime scene

Locating reliable witnesses

Apprehending the perpetrator

19. ____________ is the cooling of the body's temperature to that of its surroundings

Algor mortis

Rigor mortis

Lividity

Dipertia

20. ________ is the branch that studies skeletons and human remains, usually to seek clues as to the identity, race, and sex of their former owner

Forensic pathology

Forensic entomology

Forensic anthropology

Forensic evidence

21. An officer becomes _______ when he becomes aware of the crime scene situation and is prepared to take certain immediate actions, the focus being identifying any aspects of the scene that might be subject to chemical change, change by dissipation, or change because something was moved.

Scene-conscious

Evidetiary-aware

Action-oriented

Evidence-preventative

22. The identification of insects has been proven to be one way that the time of death can be determined. Investigators should consider contacting a(n) __________ (insect expert) for advice at this stage of the investigation.

Entomologist

Anthropologist

Arachologist

Secmologist

23. Which best describes VI-CAP?

A recent FBI study of serial murderers

A program designed to prevent autoerotic deaths

A computer information clearing house for murders

A suicide hotline in major urban areas

24. ________ studies the clues to the cause of death found in the corpse as a medical phenomenon

Forensic pathology

Forensic entomology

Forensic anthropology

Forensic medicine

25. A basic guide for the effect of environment on decomposition is given as ______ law (or ratio)

Casper's

Jeffries

Jones's

Thompson's

26. An estimated _______ people are murdered every year, and most of these (an estimated 85 Percent) involve people who knew each other

15,500

25,500

32,500

22,500

27. Serial murder happens over time and officially involves the killing of several victims in ___ or more seperate events

Two

Three

Four

Five

28. A murder victim is found with wounds indicating severe bleeding, but there is very little blood near the body. What is most likely the cause?

The wound was caused by a very thin, sharp knife

The body was moved from the place of death

The victim died very quickly, thus reducing the blood flow

The perpetrator cleaned the body to remove evidence

29. The three most important pieces of information to be included in an officer's crime scene notes are the victim's name, the witnesses' names, and the position of the body

True

False

30. The ________ of a crime is the intrinsic part of the crime that the criminal must include in order for him or her to be satisfied and thus is present in every crime committed by the same person (although it does evolve over time)

Signature

Markings

Evidence

Motive

31. The shotgun wadding usually remains in the skin of the victim if discharged within ____ feet

10

6

12

20

25

32. The _________________ marks the difference between a spree murder and a serial murder

Lack of a cooling-off period

Number of victims

Selection of victims

Motive

33. Investigators should consider any hanging or suffocation crime scene as a possible _________

Autoerotic death

Suicide

Murder

Cover up murder

34. A corpse will feel cool to the touch from ______ hours after death and will remain the same temperature as its surroundings for about 24 hours after death

8 to 12

4 to 6

6 to 10

2 to 4

35. _______ is murder that arouses intense public interest

Sensational murder

Spree murder

Serial murder

Mass murder

36. _______ percent of suicides are accompanied by a note

12 to 20

15 to 30

18 to 30

20 to 30

37. After death the pupils of the eyes may become irregular in size and shape and typically become milky and cloudy in color within ________ hours of death

2 to 4

8 to 10

3 to 6

10 to 12

38. Rigor mortis sets in _____ hours after death and starts at the same time throughout the body, but first appears in the jaws and neck and moves towards the feet usually completing in 8 to 12 hours.

1 to 2

2 to 4

3 to 6

2 to 3

39. The significance of _________ is that it indicates that the victim was close to his or her assailant, although the firearm was not actually touching the skin

Smudging

Tattooing

Gun shot residue

Entrance wounds

40. Mass murder entails the killing of ___ or more victims at one location within one event

Three

Four

Five

Ten

41. ___________ (a subclass of serial murder) commonly attracts public interest because of the instances of torture and violence that are typically associated with this type of crime

Lust murders

Spree murders

Sensational murders

Violent murders

42. Postmortem lividity may appear anywhere between __________ after death. After lividity has set in for 12 hours, the body will not diminish in color and will remain unchanged

30 minutes to 4 hours

1 to 3 hours

30 minutes to 2 hours

1 to 2 hours

43. In gunshot tests, most labs will not test samples collected from living persons more than ___ hours after the shooting

2

4

6

12

24

44. Which is the most accurate statistic regarding wrongful deaths in the United States?

Half of all female victims in recent years were killed by husbands or boyfriends

Around one-third of murder victims are females, and two-third are males

Ninety percent of all murders are committed with firearms

Whites are most likely to be killed by other whites

45. Which is an accurate trend relating to wrongful deaths in the United States?

Random stranger homicides are on the rise

Approximately 35,000 people are murdered each year

Urban murder rates are almost three times as great as are rural murder rates

Murder rates tend to increase in winter and decrease as spring approaches

46. The IACP offers a working formula to determine the estimated time of death when it is thought to be less than 24 hours. What is the average rate of heat loss (Y) as shown in the following formula? 98.6 (normal temp.) 2 (rectal temp) X no. of hours since death Y (average rate of heat loss)

1.5

2

2.5

.5

3

47. Most gunpowder used today is __________ which means it is a combination of nitroglycerin and cellulose nitrate.

Double base

Nitro-cell

Nitro-combo

Double concentrated

48. Second only to the handgun, the most common weapon with which officers are confronted is the _______

Shotgun

Knife

Assault rifle

Blunt object

49. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention showed that _______ people in the United States die by suicide every year

33,000

22,000

12,500

26,500

50. The destruction of cells and organs due to an aseptic chemical process is known as _____

Autolysis

Chemotosis

Degenisis

Antrochemolysis

51. A shotgun shell may project anywhere from 200 small pellets (birdshot) to ___ larger (buckshot) to 1 large lead projectile (slug)

9

12

20

18

52. Because lead is commonly found in the environment, the presence of it on a persons hands is not considered significant for GSR tests. therefore, most GSR techniques concentrate on barium and _________. However most .22 ammunition does not contain it.

Antimony

Sulphur

Zinc

Parrafin

53. ___________ involves the swabbing of a suspects hands with cotton swabs and then soaking them in an acid solution. It only shows that the element is present but not in what form.

Atomic absorption

Gunshot residue tests

Paraffin tests

Barrium testing

54. Categories of homicide are generally divided into TWO distinct classifications:

Murder

Manslaughter

Accidental

Natural

Suicide

First degree

Second degree

Submit

Db Ch 9

1. A good practive for investigators is to have multiple people identify the deceased to avoid mistaken identity

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The clearance rate for murders is much higher than for any other type of crime

3. In recent years, gunshot residue (GSR) has been somewhat discredited and its usefulness limited, if not disregarded

4. The most important variable on body decomposition is it's accessability to insects, particularly flies

5. A victim's declaration of a suspect's identity is valid only if the victim does indeed die of the wounds inflicted

6. Rigor mortis usually sets in about nine hours after death occurs

7. 90% of all people who die by suicide have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder at the time of their death

8. Some states permit the admission of dying declarations in all situations (other than homicide or civil)

9. Under Federal rules of evidence, dying declarations must be offered in a criminal prosecution only for murder or in a civil action

10. Evidence of soot is present with contact wounds

11. The NCACV is conducted by the U.S. Marshal's service

12. A gunshot entry wound is always smaller than its exit wound

13. Bodies found in water generally decompose about twice as fast as do those found in air

14. Tiny pinpoint hemorrhages may result from the discharge of unburned powder being deposited into the skin called _______

15. Which is true regarding exit wounds?

16. Firearms are used in more suicides than in homicides

17. A student kills his parents at their home then drives to school and kills two students. Which best describes these wrongful deaths?

18. Which aspect of homicide investigations is most prone to error?

19. ____________ is the cooling of the body's temperature to that of its surroundings

20. ________ is the branch that studies skeletons and human remains, usually to seek clues as to the identity, race, and sex of their former owner

21. An officer becomes _______ when he becomes aware of the crime scene situation and is prepared to take certain immediate actions, the focus being identifying any aspects of the scene that might be subject to chemical change, change by dissipation, or change because something was moved.

22. The identification of insects has been proven to be one way that the time of death can be determined. Investigators should consider contacting a(n) __________ (insect expert) for advice at this stage of the investigation.

23. Which best describes VI-CAP?

24. ________ studies the clues to the cause of death found in the corpse as a medical phenomenon

25. A basic guide for the effect of environment on decomposition is given as ______ law (or ratio)

26. An estimated _______ people are murdered every year, and most of these (an estimated 85 Percent) involve people who knew each other

27. Serial murder happens over time and officially involves the killing of several victims in ___ or more seperate events

28. A murder victim is found with wounds indicating severe bleeding, but there is very little blood near the body. What is most likely the cause?

29. The three most important pieces of information to be included in an officer's crime scene notes are the victim's name, the witnesses' names, and the position of the body

30. The ________ of a crime is the intrinsic part of the crime that the criminal must include in order for him or her to be satisfied and thus is present in every crime committed by the same person (although it does evolve over time)

31. The shotgun wadding usually remains in the skin of the victim if discharged within ____ feet

32. The _________________ marks the difference between a spree murder and a serial murder

33. Investigators should consider any hanging or suffocation crime scene as a possible _________

34. A corpse will feel cool to the touch from ______ hours after death and will remain the same temperature as its surroundings for about 24 hours after death

35. _______ is murder that arouses intense public interest

36. _______ percent of suicides are accompanied by a note

37. After death the pupils of the eyes may become irregular in size and shape and typically become milky and cloudy in color within ________ hours of death

38. Rigor mortis sets in _____ hours after death and starts at the same time throughout the body, but first appears in the jaws and neck and moves towards the feet usually completing in 8 to 12 hours.

39. The significance of _________ is that it indicates that the victim was close to his or her assailant, although the firearm was not actually touching the skin

40. Mass murder entails the killing of ___ or more victims at one location within one event

41. ___________ (a subclass of serial murder) commonly attracts public interest because of the instances of torture and violence that are typically associated with this type of crime

42. Postmortem lividity may appear anywhere between __________ after death. After lividity has set in for 12 hours, the body will not diminish in color and will remain unchanged

43. In gunshot tests, most labs will not test samples collected from living persons more than ___ hours after the shooting

44. Which is the most accurate statistic regarding wrongful deaths in the United States?

45. Which is an accurate trend relating to wrongful deaths in the United States?

46. The IACP offers a working formula to determine the estimated time of death when it is thought to be less than 24 hours. What is the average rate of heat loss (Y) as shown in the following formula? 98.6 (normal temp.) 2 (rectal temp) X no. of hours since death Y (average rate of heat loss)

47. Most gunpowder used today is __________ which means it is a combination of nitroglycerin and cellulose nitrate.

48. Second only to the handgun, the most common weapon with which officers are confronted is the _______

49. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention showed that _______ people in the United States die by suicide every year

50. The destruction of cells and organs due to an aseptic chemical process is known as _____

51. A shotgun shell may project anywhere from 200 small pellets (birdshot) to ___ larger (buckshot) to 1 large lead projectile (slug)

52. Because lead is commonly found in the environment, the presence of it on a persons hands is not considered significant for GSR tests. therefore, most GSR techniques concentrate on barium and _________. However most .22 ammunition does not contain it.

53. ___________ involves the swabbing of a suspects hands with cotton swabs and then soaking them in an acid solution. It only shows that the element is present but not in what form.

54. Categories of homicide are generally divided into TWO distinct classifications: