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The given statement is false. LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is actually denser than natural gas. LPG is a mixture of propane and butane, which are both heavier than natural gas. LPG is stored and transported in liquid form under pressure, while natural gas is primarily composed of methane and is lighter than air.

HAZID (Hazard Identification) and HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) are indeed types of risk assessment. HAZID involves identifying potential hazards and their associated risks, while HAZOP is a systematic and structured approach to identify potential hazards and operability problems in a process plant. Both methods are commonly used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical, and manufacturing to assess and mitigate risks associated with their operations. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

Natural gas is compressed for vehicular use in order to increase the storage capacity. Compressing the gas allows more gas to be stored in a smaller space, enabling vehicles to carry a larger amount of fuel. This is particularly important for vehicles that run on natural gas, as it allows them to travel longer distances without the need for frequent refueling. Additionally, increasing the storage capacity also helps to optimize the overall efficiency and performance of the vehicle.

The statement is true because the design factor for a pipeline increases as the location class increases. The location class is a measure of the environmental conditions that the pipeline will be subjected to, such as temperature, pressure, and soil conditions. Higher location classes indicate more severe conditions, which require a higher design factor to ensure the pipeline can withstand these conditions safely. Therefore, the higher the location class, the higher the design factor for the pipeline.

The function of a cascade in CNG filling stations is to serve as a buffer, reduce the number of operating cycles of the compressor, and reduce the gas filling cycle time. By acting as a buffer, the cascade helps to ensure a consistent and continuous flow of gas to the vehicles being filled. Additionally, by reducing the number of operating cycles of the compressor, the cascade helps to minimize wear and tear on the equipment, leading to increased efficiency and longevity. Finally, by reducing the gas filling cycle time, the cascade helps to improve the overall speed and efficiency of the filling process.

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. This system is used to monitor and control industrial processes and infrastructure. It allows operators to remotely monitor and control various devices and collect real-time data. The term "supervisory" refers to the system's ability to oversee multiple devices and processes, while "control" refers to its ability to manipulate and manage these devices. "Data acquisition" refers to the system's capability to collect and store data from various sources for analysis and decision-making purposes.

The explosive limit (by volume in air) for natural gas is 5 to 15%. This means that if the concentration of natural gas in the air falls within this range, it can potentially explode if ignited. Concentrations below 5% are too lean to sustain combustion, while concentrations above 15% are too rich to ignite. Therefore, the range of 5 to 15% represents the explosive limit for natural gas.

Diesel vehicles cannot be converted to CNG because the two fuels have different combustion properties and require different engine technologies. Diesel engines use compression ignition, while CNG engines use spark ignition. Additionally, CNG requires high-pressure storage tanks and a separate fueling system, which would need significant modifications to be installed in a diesel vehicle. Therefore, converting a diesel vehicle to CNG is not feasible.

A diaphragm meter is commonly used for domestic customers because it is designed to accurately measure the consumption of natural gas in residential settings. It uses a flexible diaphragm that moves with the flow of gas, allowing for precise measurement. This type of meter is compact, reliable, and can handle low flow rates, making it suitable for residential use where gas consumption is typically lower compared to commercial or industrial settings.

The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of a reference substance, in this case, air. A specific gravity of 0.6 means that natural gas is lighter than air. This is because natural gas consists mainly of methane, which has a lower density than air. Therefore, it will tend to rise and disperse in the atmosphere.

SDR stands for Standard Dimension Ratio. It is a common term used in the field of piping and is used to describe the ratio of the average outside diameter of a pipe to its wall thickness. This ratio helps in determining the pressure rating and strength of the pipe. A higher SDR value indicates a thinner wall thickness and lower pressure rating, while a lower SDR value indicates a thicker wall thickness and higher pressure rating. Therefore, SDR is an important parameter in pipe design and selection.

A Slam-Shut valve is designed to close quickly in the event of an abnormal pressure being detected downstream. This means that if there is an excess pressure detected in the downstream section of a system, the Slam-Shut valve will close rapidly to prevent any further damage or danger.

According to ASME B31.8, there can be four Location Classes. This means that the pipeline can be classified into four different classes based on the potential consequences of a leak or failure. The Location Classes are determined by factors such as population density, proximity to buildings, and environmental sensitivity. Each Location Class has specific design and construction requirements to ensure the safety and integrity of the pipeline.

ASME B31.8S is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the management of system integrity for gas pipelines. The other options, ASME B31.1, ASME B31.2, and ASME B31.3, are standards related to power piping, fuel gas piping, and process piping, respectively, but they do not specifically focus on gas pipeline integrity management.

The auto-ignition temperature of natural gas is the minimum temperature at which it can spontaneously ignite without any external ignition source. In this case, the correct answer is 540 degrees Celsius, which means that natural gas will ignite and burn on its own when the temperature reaches or exceeds this value.

Thermoplastic is the correct answer because it refers to a type of plastic that can be melted and reshaped multiple times without undergoing any significant chemical change. This property allows thermoplastics to be easily processed and recycled. On the other hand, thermosetting plastics cannot be melted and reshaped once they have been cured or hardened. Therefore, thermoplastic is the appropriate form of plastic for this question.

ASME B31.8 covers Plastic Pipe Design.

ANSI B16.34 is a standard that specifically pertains to steel valves. It provides guidelines and specifications for the design, materials, testing, and dimensions of steel valves. This standard ensures that steel valves meet certain quality and performance standards, making them suitable for various industrial applications.

Risk is a measure of the likelihood and severity of potential negative outcomes. In this context, the correct answer is "Probability and Consequences" because risk is calculated by multiplying the probability of an event occurring with the potential consequences or impact of that event. This means that the higher the probability of an event and the more severe the consequences, the greater the risk.

The typical CV (Calorific Value) of natural gas is 8500 kcal/m3. This means that for every cubic meter of natural gas, it produces 8500 kilocalories of energy when burned.

The statement "Higher the Grade of API 5L pipe, lower the SMYS" is false. The SMYS (Specified Minimum Yield Strength) is a measure of the minimum stress a material can withstand before it starts to deform permanently. The grade of API 5L pipe refers to its quality and strength, with higher grades having higher strength. Therefore, higher-grade API 5L pipes have higher SMYS, not lower.

According to IGE/TD/3, the Smooth Pipe Law can be applied to Natural Gas systems with a Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP) not exceeding 7 bar. This means that for natural gas systems operating at or below 7 bar, the Smooth Pipe Law can be used to calculate the pressure drop along the pipe. It is important to note that for systems with higher MOP, a different method or equation would need to be used to calculate the pressure drop.

The Wobbe Index is a measure of the interchangeability of fuel gases. It is calculated by dividing the Calorific Value (CV) of a gas by the square root of its Specific Gravity (SG). This formula takes into account both the energy content of the gas (CV) and its density compared to air (SG). By dividing CV by the square root of SG, the formula normalizes the values and allows for a fair comparison between different gases. Therefore, the correct answer is CV/(SG)^0.5.

The correct answer is P.D/2.t because the formula for hoop stress is 2.P.D/2.t which simplifies to P.D/2.t. This formula calculates the stress experienced by a cylindrical object, such as a hoop or pipe, due to an applied pressure (P) and the dimensions of the object (D and t). The stress is directly proportional to the applied pressure and the diameter of the object, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the object.

The number '100' in PE 100 pipe denotes the long term hydrostatic strength, which is measured in bars. This means that the pipe can withstand a pressure of 100 bars without any significant damage or failure.

The diversity factor is a measure of how much the actual demand differs from the potential demand. It is calculated by dividing the maximum potential demand by the maximum actual demand. This ratio indicates the extent to which the actual demand is lower or higher than the maximum possible demand. A higher diversity factor suggests that the actual demand is lower than the potential demand, indicating a more diverse usage pattern. On the other hand, a lower diversity factor indicates that the actual demand is closer to the potential demand, suggesting a more uniform or concentrated usage pattern.

PE stands for polyethylene, which is a type of plastic commonly used in pipes. The density of a material is a measure of how much mass it has in a given volume. The typical density of PE pipe is 944 kg/m3, which means that for every cubic meter of PE pipe, it weighs 944 kilograms. This density value is specific to PE pipe and is important to know for various engineering and manufacturing applications involving the material.

According to the Pipeline Research Committee International (PRCI), there can be a total of 21 threats that exist for a pipeline.

The correct sequence is STP, MIP, MOP, OP. This sequence is correct under normal operation because the strength test pressure (STP) is typically the highest pressure that the system can withstand. The maximum incidental pressure (MIP) is the maximum pressure that the system may experience during normal operation. The maximum operating pressure (MOP) is the highest pressure that the system is designed to operate at continuously. The operating pressure (OP) is the actual pressure at which the system is currently operating. Therefore, the correct sequence reflects the logical order of increasing pressure levels in the system.

An Excess Flow Valve (EFV) is a device used to control the flow of fluid or gas in a system. It is designed to automatically shut off or reduce flow when it exceeds a predetermined limit. This can help prevent damage or accidents caused by excessive flow rates. In the context of the given options, the term "EFV" most likely refers to an Excess Flow Valve.

The octane number is a measure of a fuel's ability to resist knocking or pinging during combustion. It indicates the fuel's performance in an engine. Natural gas has a high octane rating, typically between 120 and 130. Therefore, the octane number for natural gas is 127, which is the correct answer.

The Government of India notified the PNGRB act in October 2007.

The minimum bend radius for a PE pipe depends on its diameter (D) and the standard dimension ratio (SDR). In this case, the diameter is given as 180mm and the SDR is 11. The correct answer of 4.5m suggests that for a PE pipe with these specifications, the minimum bend radius should be 4.5 meters.

The correct answer is "Min. Outside Diameter/Min. Wall Thickness". This formula represents the ratio of the minimum outside diameter to the minimum wall thickness. It is commonly used to calculate the SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio) of a pipe, which is a numerical designation that indicates the pressure rating and strength of the pipe. By dividing the minimum outside diameter by the minimum wall thickness, the SDR can be determined, providing important information for pipe selection and installation.

The correct answer is 6 times OD. This means that the minimum distance to be maintained between two squeeze-offs for PE pipe should be six times the outside diameter of the pipe. This is important to ensure that there is enough space for the squeeze-off tools to effectively clamp and squeeze the pipe without causing any damage or deformation. By maintaining this distance, the integrity of the pipe is preserved and the squeeze-off process can be performed safely and efficiently.