Chapter 3 Section 2

Prince Henry, also known as Henry the Navigator, brought together mapmakers, astronomers, and shipbuilders to help Portuguese sailors improve their navigation skills. He established a school of navigation in Sagres, Portugal, which became a center for maritime exploration and discovery. Through his patronage, Prince Henry encouraged the development of new navigational techniques, improved mapmaking, and the construction of more advanced ships. His efforts played a crucial role in the Age of Discovery and the Portuguese exploration of new trade routes and territories.

Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope. This is a well-known historical fact as Dias was a Portuguese explorer who became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa in 1488. The Cape of Good Hope was a significant landmark on the trade route to the East Indies, and Dias' successful navigation around it opened up new possibilities for maritime trade and exploration.

Portugal developed a trade in human beings on the Slave Coast. This region, located in present-day Benin and Nigeria, was a major hub for the transatlantic slave trade during the 15th to 19th centuries. Portuguese traders established forts and trading posts along the coast, where they captured and transported enslaved Africans to be sold in the Americas. The trade in human beings on the Slave Coast was a dark chapter in Portugal's history, as well as a significant part of the larger transatlantic slave trade.

When one is forced to serve another person in ways decided by the slaveholder, it is referred to as being an enslaved person. This term describes the condition of being held in bondage, where an individual's freedom and autonomy are completely stripped away, and they are forced to work and serve the desires and needs of their owner without any choice or agency.

Ghana, Songhai, and Mali were the three large kingdoms that controlled trade routes from North Africa to the West African coast. These kingdoms were strategically located along the trans-Saharan trade routes, which allowed them to amass wealth and exert control over the trade of gold, salt, and other valuable commodities. Ghana was the earliest of the three kingdoms, followed by Mali and then Songhai. Each kingdom built its power and wealth through trade and established strong political and economic systems to maintain control over the lucrative trade routes.

A caravel is a type of ship that was commonly used during the Age of Exploration. It was known for its triangular sails, which allowed it to sail more efficiently against the wind. This design innovation made the caravel well-suited for long-distance voyages and exploration. The other options, such as sailboat, seadoo, and trade ships, do not specifically mention the use of triangular sails, making them less likely to be the correct answer.

Mali was known for its universities. During the reign of Mansa Musa, the empire experienced a golden age of learning and scholarship. Timbuktu, a major city in Mali, became a renowned center of education and attracted scholars from all over Africa and the Middle East. The University of Sankore, located in Timbuktu, was one of the most prestigious centers of learning in the world at that time. It housed thousands of students and scholars and had a vast library that contained valuable manuscripts on various subjects, including science, mathematics, religion, and literature.