Chapter 20 Genes With Population

40 Questions | By Aggiegal8 | Last updated: Mar 17, 2022 | Total Attempts: 307

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1.

Natural selection as a mechanism of evolution that acts on variants within populations and ultimately leads to the evolution of different species was proposed by
- A.
  
  Mendel.
- B.
  
  Lyell.
- C.
  
  Malthus.
- D.
  
  Darwin.
- E.
  
  Founder.
2.

Features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction by an organism in a particular environment are called
- A.
  
  Genes.
- B.
  
  Fitness.
- C.
  
  Mutations.
- D.
  
  Adaptations.
- E.
  
  Selection.
3.

The gene pool includes
- A.
  
  All of the fitness within a population.
- B.
  
  All of the individuals within a population.
- C.
  
  All of the mutations within a population.
- D.
  
  All of the adaptations within a population.
- E.
  
  All of the alleles of genes within a population.
4.

The founder principle explains how rare alleles may become more common in new
- A.
  
  Populations.
- B.
  
  Clines.
- C.
  
  Bottleneck areas.
- D.
  
  Migratory areas.
- E.
  
  Genomes.
5.

A restriction in genetic variability caused by a drastic reduction in population size is called a
- A.
  
  Founder effect.
- B.
  
  Hardy-Weinberg effect.
- C.
  
  Bottleneck effect.
- D.
  
  Polymorphic effect.
- E.
  
  Adaptive effect.
6.

The genetic contribution of an individual to succeeding generations, compared with that of other individuals in the population, is known as
- A.
  
  Variation.
- B.
  
  Microevolution.
- C.
  
  Macroevolution.
- D.
  
  Fitness.
- E.
  
  Adaptive makeup.
7.

Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by
- A.
  
  Favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce.
- B.
  
  Producing a constant numb of offspring while in that environment.
- C.
  
  Surviving for a fixed amount of time.
- D.
  
  Resisting the environment and keeping the environment from changing.
- E.
  
  Favoring those individuals with the most favorable acquired characteristics.
8.

The Hardy-Weinberg equations only hold true, that is, a population is only in equilibrium
- A.
  
  When immigration in and out of the area are held constant.
- B.
  
  When changes only take place over long periods of time.
- C.
  
  When it includes episodes of extinction.
- D.
  
  When the population is designed to survive in new habitats.
- E.
  
  When all of the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are met.
9.

In the Hardy-Weinberg equations, the frequencies of 2 alleles in a population (where there are only 2 alleles to consider) can be designated as
- A.
- B.
  
  P and q
- C.
- D.
  
  2pq
- E.
  
  1 - p and 1 - q
10.

"The inheritance of acquired characteristics" proposal was put forward by
- A.
  
  Darwin.
- B.
  
  Lamarck.
- C.
  
  Wallace.
- D.
  
  Founder.
- E.
  
  Hardy-Weinberg.
11.

The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed, over time, by
- A.
  
  Genetic outflow.
- B.
  
  Large population size.
- C.
  
  Selection.
- D.
  
  Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
- E.
  
  Random mating.
12.

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of
- A.
  
  Natural selection.
- B.
  
  Creation of new species.
- C.
  
  Genetic drift.
- D.
  
  Out crossing.
- E.
  
  Increasing evolutionary resistance.
13.

A locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation is referred to as
- A.
  
  Dominant.
- B.
  
  Polynomial.
- C.
  
  Polymorphic.
- D.
  
  Heterozygous.
- E.
  
  Somatic.
14.

Hardy-Weinberg pointed out that the original proportions of the genotypes in a population would remain constant from generation to generation if certain assumptions are met. Which one of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition?
- A.
  
  The population is very large.
- B.
  
  No gene flow occurs.
- C.
  
  No selection occurs.
- D.
  
  Random mating occurs.
- E.
  
  No polymorphic loci exist in the population.
15.

For a gene with two alternative alleles, a (frequency p) and a (frequency q), the term in the algebraic form of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the heterozygote genotype frequency is
- A.
- B.
- C.
  
  2pq
- D.
- E.
  
  2Aa
16.

Which one of the following is not an agent of natural evolutionary change?
- A.
  
  Mutation
- B.
  
  Migration
- C.
  
  Genetic drift
- D.
  
  Non-random mating
- E.
  
  Artificial selection
17.

The phenomenon in which rare alleles become more common in new populations is called
- A.
  
  Founder effect.
- B.
  
  Gene flow.
- C.
  
  Genetic drift.
- D.
  
  Assortative mating.
- E.
  
  Mutation
18.

In small populations, frequencies of certain alleles may change by chance alone. Such random change in the frequency of alleles is called
- A.
  
  Mutation.
- B.
  
  Migration.
- C.
  
  Genetic drift.
- D.
  
  Nonrandom mating.
- E.
  
  Selection.
19.

The type of non-random mating that causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is called
- A.
  
  Mutation.
- B.
  
  Migration.
- C.
  
  Genetic drift.
- D.
  
  Assortative mating.
- E.
  
  Selection.
20.

Sometimes a restriction in genetic variability is imposed on populations by natural catastrophes such as flooding, earthquake, etc. The surviving individuals reflect only a small, random genetic sample of the population affected. This process is termed
- A.
  
  Mutation.
- B.
  
  Migration.
- C.
  
  Genetic drift.
- D.
  
  Assortative mating.
- E.
  
  Bottleneck effect.
21.

Gene flow, defined as the movement of genes from one population to another, can take place by migration, as well as
- A.
  
  Mating with certain trait-containing individuals.
- B.
  
  Mating with dominant phenotypes.
- C.
  
  Hybridization between individuals of adjacent populations.
- D.
  
  Removing the barriers between the populations.
- E.
  
  Physical movement of genes within an individual by transposons.
22.

In some populations the drive is to mate with individuals that are phenotypically different at a variety of loci. This leads to large numbers of heterozygotes and is called
- A.
  
  Neutral theory.
- B.
  
  Disassortative mating.
- C.
  
  Shifting balance theory.
- D.
  
  Bottleneck effect.
- E.
  
  Founder effect.
23.

Which one of the following is not an agent of evolutionary change?
- A.
  
  Mutation
- B.
  
  Gene flow
- C.
  
  Random mating
- D.
  
  Genetic drift
- E.
  
  Selection
24.

About 80% of the alleles present in thoroughbred horses can be dated back to 31 known ancestors from the late eighteenth century. As a result, one would expect
- A.
  
  Low rates of mutation.
- B.
  
  Many polymorphic alleles.
- C.
  
  Little variation in physiology and behavior.
- D.
  
  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
- E.
  
  Random mating.
25.

When selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes it is called
- A.
  
  Natural selection.
- B.
  
  Stabilizing selection.
- C.
  
  Disruptive selection.
- D.
  
  Directional selection.
- E.
  
  Artificial selection.