Chapter 15 Waves Transfer Energy

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another. It can be described as a pattern of oscillation or vibration that propagates through a medium or space. Waves can be categorized into different types such as mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves, and matter waves. They carry energy without transporting matter, and their characteristics include wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed. Waves are commonly observed in various phenomena, including sound waves, light waves, water waves, and seismic waves.

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Waves are classified based on how they move. This refers to the direction and pattern of motion exhibited by a wave. The movement of a wave can be categorized into different types, such as transverse waves, which move perpendicular to the direction of propagation, and longitudinal waves, which move parallel to the direction of propagation. By understanding how waves move, scientists can study and analyze various wave phenomena and properties.

An ocean wave is an example of a transverse wave because it exhibits a motion perpendicular to the direction of the wave. In other words, as the wave travels horizontally, the water particles move up and down vertically. This characteristic of transverse waves can be observed in ocean waves as they crest and trough, creating a visually distinct pattern.

Sound is an example of a longitudinal wave because it travels by compressing and rarefying particles in the medium it is passing through. In a longitudinal wave, the motion of the particles is parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. This is in contrast to a transverse wave, where the motion of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.

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The medium for the sound wave of Mr. Pennington's voice in this classroom is gas. Sound waves require a medium to travel through, and in this case, the medium is the air in the classroom. Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, but in this scenario, the most likely medium is gas since air is a common medium for sound transmission in classrooms.

Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium, such as air, water, or solids, to transfer energy. These waves cause particles in the medium to vibrate and pass the energy along. Examples of mechanical waves include sound waves, water waves, and seismic waves. Therefore, the statement "Waves that transfer energy through matter are known as mechanical waves" is a correct explanation.

The correct answer is "up and down". When the audience does "the wave" in a stadium, they are standing up and sitting down in a sequential manner, creating a visual effect that appears as a wave moving throughout the crowd. This movement is vertical, going up and down, rather than horizontal or in any specific direction. The additional answer choice "(up and down)" is redundant and does not provide any new information.

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A longitudinal wave travels in the same direction as the disturbance. This means that the particles of the medium through which the wave is traveling also move in the same direction as the wave. In a longitudinal wave, the particles oscillate back and forth parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves and seismic waves.

A slinky or spring is an example of a longitudinal wave because the particles of the medium (in this case, the coils of the slinky or the spring) oscillate back and forth in the same direction as the wave is propagating. In a longitudinal wave, the displacement of the particles is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. This is in contrast to a transverse wave, where the particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a set of data. In this case, the value 1.1m appears three times, which is more than any other value in the data set. Therefore, the mode is 1.1m.

The given information about the height of the waves on the fifth day being 4.7m high does not provide enough context to determine its effect on the mean, median, or mode. The mean is the average of a set of numbers, the median is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in order, and the mode is the value that appears most frequently. Without additional data points, it is not possible to calculate the mean, median, or mode, hence the effect cannot be determined.

Force starts a disturbance that travels through a medium. When a force is applied to an object or a medium, it causes a disturbance or a change in its state of motion. This disturbance then propagates through the medium in the form of waves or vibrations. These waves carry energy and information from one point to another. Therefore, force is responsible for initiating the disturbance and setting it in motion through the medium.

Energy travels through the medium, leaving matter in place. Energy is a property of matter and can exist in various forms such as heat, light, sound, or mechanical energy. When energy travels through a medium, it does not physically displace or move the matter in that medium. Instead, it transfers energy from one point to another while the particles of the medium vibrate or oscillate in response to the energy passing through them. Therefore, energy can be transmitted through a medium without causing any physical displacement or movement of the matter.

The mean is calculated by adding up all the values and then dividing by the total number of values. In this case, we add up 1.2m, 1.1m, 1.1m, 1.5m, 4.7m, 1.2m, and 1.1m which gives us a total of 11.9m. Since there are 7 values, we divide 11.9m by 7 to find the mean, which is approximately 1.7m.

The median is the middle value in a set of data when the data is arranged in order. In this case, the data is already in order from smallest to largest: 1.1m, 1.1m, 1.1m, 1.2m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 4.7m. The middle value is 1.2m, which is the median.

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