Celula (2)

Explanation
Mitocondriile sunt organite celulare caracteristice celuleor eucariote

Explanation
Peretele celular de natură celulozică este caracteristic plantelor. Chitina se găseşte în peretele celular al fungilor.

Explanation
The cellular wall of prokaryotes differs from that of plants due to the presence of specific substances such as murein. This statement is true.

Explanation
The statement is true because prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria, have a thick and gel-like cytoplasm that lacks cytoplasmic streaming. Cytoplasmic streaming is the movement of cytoplasm within a cell, which is typically observed in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the absence of cytoplasmic streaming is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells.

Explanation
The statement is true because the mesosome in bacteria plays a role in respiration and anchoring the macromolecule of DNA. The mesosome is an invagination of the plasma membrane in bacteria that increases the surface area for respiratory enzymes, allowing for more efficient energy production. Additionally, the mesosome helps to anchor the DNA molecule during replication and cell division.

Explanation
The statement is true because prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a true nucleus like eukaryotic cells. Instead, they have a region called the nucleoid, which contains a single circular DNA molecule that carries the genetic information of the cell. This DNA molecule is not enclosed within a membrane, as in eukaryotic cells, but is instead located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Therefore, the statement is correct.

Explanation
The statement is true because proteins in the cell membrane can indeed have functions such as providing structural support, acting as receptors for signaling molecules, forming channels for the transport of ions and molecules, serving as enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, and acting as markers for cell recognition and communication. These diverse functions of proteins in the cell membrane are crucial for the proper functioning and integrity of the cell.

Explanation
The given statement is true. The endoplasmic reticulum plays a mechanical role in the cell and is involved in the formation of vacuoles. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that is responsible for various functions in the cell, including protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and the transport of molecules within the cell. It also plays a role in the formation and maintenance of vacuoles, which are membrane-bound organelles involved in storage, waste disposal, and cell expansion. Therefore, the statement that the endoplasmic reticulum has a mechanical role and participates in vacuole formation is true.

Explanation
The statement is explaining that the endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in compartmentalizing the cell, providing a large surface area for biochemical reactions. This is true because the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell, creating separate compartments where different cellular processes can occur. This allows for efficient organization and coordination of biochemical reactions within the cell.

Explanation
The given statement is true. The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in protein synthesis by hosting ribosomes on its surface. These ribosomes are responsible for translating the genetic information from the mRNA into proteins. The rough endoplasmic reticulum provides a platform for the ribosomes to synthesize proteins and helps in the folding and processing of these proteins before they are transported to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.

Explanation
Reticulul endoplasmic granular are rol în sinteza proteinelor prin ribozomii ataşaţi.

Explanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the secretion of proteins and lipids in the cell. It receives molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them before packaging them into vesicles for transport to their final destination. This process is known as exocytosis, where the Golgi apparatus acts as a secretory organelle. Therefore, the statement that the Golgi apparatus has a secretory role is true.

Explanation
The statement is true because dictyosomes, also known as Golgi apparatus, are involved in the formation of the cell wall in plant and fungal cells. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids, which are then transported to the cell membrane or the cell wall. In the case of plant and fungal cells, the Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in synthesizing and depositing the components of the cell wall, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Therefore, dictyosomes are indeed involved in the formation of the cell wall in plant and fungal cells.

Explanation
Lysosomes are found in large numbers in leukocytes and in aging cells.

Explanation
Prima etapă a respiraţiei celulare constă în scindarea moleculei de glucoză în acid piruvic şi are loc în citoplasmă. A doua etapă constă în degradarea enzimatică a acidului piruvic şi are loc în mitocondrie.

Explanation
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary source of energy for cellular activities. This process, called cellular respiration, occurs in the mitochondria through a series of biochemical reactions. Therefore, the statement "In mitochondria, ATP is synthesized" is true.

Explanation
Amiloplastele, oleoplastele şi proteoplastele au rol de depozitare a amidonului, lipidelor şi respectiv proteinelor. Acestea sunt lipsite de pigmenţi asimilatori, deci nu au rol în fotosinteză.

Explanation
Faza de lumină a fotosintezei are loc în grana.

Explanation
The statement is true because the dark phase of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During this phase, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose through a series of chemical reactions. Therefore, the synthesis of glucose is indeed a part of the dark phase of photosynthesis.

Explanation
The given statement is true. Carioplasma, also known as nucleoplasma, refers to the fluid present inside the nucleus of a cell. It is composed of cariolymph, which is a gel-like substance, and chromatin, which consists of DNA and proteins. Therefore, the statement accurately states that carioplasma is made up of cariolymph and chromatin.

Explanation
ARN de transfer (ARNt) are rol în transportul aminoacizilor la ribozomi.

Explanation
Totalitatea vacuolelor formează vacuomul.