Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz
(139).jpg "Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz - Quiz")
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- 1.
What is the best explanation for the sustained increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) that occurs in women after menopause?
- A.
Up-regulation of the number of LH receptors on granulosa cells
- B.
Depletion of estrogen secreting follicles in the ovaries
- C.
Depletion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from arcuate and preoptic neurons of the hypothalamus
- D.
Hyperplasia of gonadotropes (i.e. gonadotropin-producing cells) of the anterior pituitary gland.
- E.
Decreased sensitivity of GnRH-producing cells of the hypothalamus to estradiol.
Correct Answer
B. Depletion of estrogen secreting follicles in the ovariesExplanation
After menopause, the ovaries no longer produce estrogen, leading to a decrease in the number of estrogen-secreting follicles. This depletion of estrogen-secreting follicles causes a feedback mechanism in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, resulting in an increased release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This is because the absence of estrogen signals the hypothalamus to increase the production and release of GnRH, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release more LH and FSH. Therefore, the sustained increase in LH and FSH after menopause can be explained by the depletion of estrogen-secreting follicles in the ovaries.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is characteristic of the stratum basale?
- A.
Contains cells that are highly responsive to progesterone
- B.
Includes the uterine surface epithelium
- C.
Contains coiled arteries
- D.
Is the layer that undergoes shedding
- E.
Contains cells that replace the surface epithelium after menstruation
Correct Answer
E. Contains cells that replace the surface epithelium after menstruationExplanation
The stratum basale is the innermost layer of the epidermis, composed of basal cells that are responsible for the continuous renewal of the epidermis. These basal cells divide and differentiate to replace the superficial layers of the epidermis that are shed during the process of menstruation. Therefore, the statement "Contains cells that replace the surface epithelium after menstruation" is characteristic of the stratum basale.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Milk Protein is produced by which of the following mechanisms?
- A.
Paracrine secretion
- B.
Merocrine secretion
- C.
Autocrine secretion
- D.
Holocrine secretion
- E.
Apocrine secretion
Correct Answer
B. Merocrine secretionExplanation
Merocrine secretion is the correct mechanism for the production of Milk Protein. In merocrine secretion, the protein is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then packaged into vesicles in the Golgi apparatus. These vesicles are then released from the cell through exocytosis, allowing the protein to be secreted without any loss of cellular material. This mechanism is commonly observed in glands that produce proteins, such as the mammary glands responsible for milk production.Rate this question:
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- 4.
As a female enters puberty, which of the following hormones or neurotransmitters will increase its concentration or activity above prepubertal levels to drive neuronal secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus and thereby initiate follicular development?
- A.
Glutamic acid
- B.
Testosterone
- C.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- D.
Neuropeptide Y
- E.
Melatonin
Correct Answer
A. Glutamic acid -
- 5.
For a typical 28 day menstrual cycle, what portion of the ovarian and uterine cycles, respectively, correspond to day 27? Ovarian cycle phase Uterine cycle phase
- A.
Luteal Proliferative
- B.
Luteal Secretory
- C.
Follicular Proliferative
- D.
Ovulatory secretory
- E.
Follicular secretory
Correct Answer
B. Luteal Secretory -
- 6.
Which of the following gonadotropins is correctly associated with the structures in the ovary?
- A.
FSH stimulates the primordial follicles to develop
- B.
LH stimulates proliferation of the granulosa layer of cells in the multilaminar primary follicle
- C.
FSH inhibits the production of progesterone in the corpus luteum
- D.
LH inhibits the production of estrogen in the corpus luteum
- E.
FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicle
Correct Answer
E. FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicleExplanation
FSH, or follicle-stimulating hormone, is responsible for stimulating the development of follicles in the ovary. The granulosa layer is a part of the follicle and FSH promotes the proliferation of the follicular cells within this layer. In the secondary follicle stage, the follicle has already undergone some development, and FSH continues to stimulate the growth and proliferation of the granulosa cells.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is characteristic of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
- A.
It produces ischemia and necrosis of the stratum functionale.
- B.
It is controlled by oestrogen
- C.
It ends upon arrival of ovulation
- D.
Uterine gland lumens are filled with secretions.
- E.
Endocervix is sloughed off during this phase
Correct Answer
D. Uterine gland lumens are filled with secretions.Explanation
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the uterine gland lumens are filled with secretions. This is a characteristic of this phase, as the glands in the uterus prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg by secreting mucus and other substances. The secretions provide a favorable environment for the fertilized egg to implant and develop. This phase is regulated by progesterone, not estrogen, and it ends with the arrival of menstruation, not ovulation. Ischemia and necrosis of the stratum functionale occur during the menstrual phase, and the endocervix is sloughed off during the proliferative phase.Rate this question:
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- 8.
During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, the functional layer of the endometrium undergoes which of the following changes?
- A.
Blood vessels become ischemic
- B.
The epithelium is renewed
- C.
The stroma swells because of edema
- D.
Glands become coiled
- E.
The stratum basale breaks down
Correct Answer
B. The epithelium is renewedExplanation
During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, the functional layer of the endometrium undergoes the change of epithelium renewal. This means that the old epithelial cells are shed and replaced with new ones. This renewal process prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A 25-year-old woman has failed to become pregnant after two years of unprotected intercourse. Diagnostic techniques revealed that she has anovulatory menstrual cycles. Which of the following would be effective drug in treating infertility?
- A.
Combined oral contraceptive pills
- B.
Tamoxifen
- C.
Norethindrone
- D.
Clomifene
Correct Answer
D. ClomifeneExplanation
Clomifene is the most appropriate drug for treating infertility in this case. It is commonly used to induce ovulation in women with anovulatory menstrual cycles. Clomifene works by stimulating the release of hormones that are necessary for ovulation to occur. This drug can help regulate the menstrual cycle and increase the chances of pregnancy. Combined oral contraceptive pills are not suitable in this situation as they prevent ovulation. Tamoxifen is used for breast cancer treatment and not for infertility. Norethindrone is a progestin-only contraceptive and does not promote ovulation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In the sexually mature female ovulation is preceded by a dramatic change in luteinizing hormone. What would be the factor and the change in its release that is obligatorily linked to the change in LH before ovulation?
- A.
Increase in dopamine
- B.
Decrease in gonadotropin releasing hormone
- C.
Decrease in dopamine
- D.
Increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone
- E.
Decrease in estradiol
- F.
Increase in inhibin
Correct Answer
D. Increase in gonadotropin releasing hormoneExplanation
Before ovulation, there is an increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release. This increase in GnRH is obligatorily linked to the change in luteinizing hormone (LH) before ovulation. GnRH stimulates the release of LH from the pituitary gland, which then triggers ovulation. Therefore, the increase in GnRH release is necessary for the subsequent increase in LH, which is essential for ovulation to occur.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following statements is characteristic of the ovary ?
- A.
The granulosa layer of cells of a secondary follicle is highly vascularized
- B.
The theca externa has LH receptors and produces androstenedione
- C.
The theca interna secretes androstenedione in response to LH
- D.
The basal lamina separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa layer
- E.
The secondary follicle contains a secondary oocyte
Correct Answer
C. The theca interna secretes androstenedione in response to LHExplanation
The correct answer is "The theca interna secretes androstenedione in response to LH." The theca interna is a layer of cells in the ovary that responds to luteinizing hormone (LH) by secreting androstenedione, which is a precursor for estrogen production. This hormone plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram below is reconstructed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium of the uterus is reconstructed. This is the inner lining of the uterus that sheds during menstruation and then regrows during the proliferative phase. Option A in the diagram represents the endometrium, so it is the structure that is reconstructed during this phase.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following accurately describes a function of a specific gonadotropin on its target tissue in the ovary??
- A.
FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicle
- B.
FSH stimulates the primordial follicles to develop
- C.
LH stimulates proliferation of the granulosa layer of cells in the multilaminar primary follicle
- D.
FSH inhibits the production of progesterone in the corpus luteum
- E.
LH inhibits the production of estrogen in the corpus luteum
Correct Answer
A. FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicleExplanation
FSH, or follicle-stimulating hormone, plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles. It specifically acts on the granulosa cells in the ovary. The granulosa layer is a part of the secondary follicle, which is a developing follicle. FSH stimulates the proliferation or growth of these granulosa cells, helping the secondary follicle to mature. This process is essential for the production of a mature egg during the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the statement "FSH stimulates proliferation of the follicular cells in the granulosa layer of the secondary follicle" accurately describes the function of FSH on its target tissue in the ovary.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A 22-year-old female (5 ft 2 in) experienced her first menstrual cycle at age 14. Until recently, she had normal, regular menstrual cycles with an interval of 30 days. Six months ago she began training for a marathon. She runs roughly 115 miles a week and as a result of her training regimen she has lost 20 pounds (110 pounds before and 90 pounds now). She has not menstruated for the past three (3) months. Given these findings, what is the most likely endocrine explanation for her amenorrhea?
- A.
Absence of GnRH surge
- B.
Prolonged elevation of follicle stimulating hormone
- C.
Increase in plasma leptin
- D.
Absence of a surge in luteinizing hormone
- E.
Abnormally elevated plasma estradiol
Correct Answer
D. Absence of a surge in luteinizing hormoneExplanation
The most likely endocrine explanation for the woman's amenorrhea is the absence of a surge in luteinizing hormone. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for triggering ovulation and the release of an egg from the ovary. In a normal menstrual cycle, there is a surge of LH that occurs mid-cycle, leading to ovulation. However, in this case, the woman's intense training and significant weight loss may have disrupted her hormonal balance, leading to a lack of LH surge and subsequently the absence of menstruation.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The adjacent figure illustrates the time course of plasma estradiol concentration during the ovarian cycle. Pick the correct concept map that depicts the feedback relationship that exists during the phase of estradiol concentration indicated by the dashed box 1.
- A.
![Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz - Quiz]()
- B.
![Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz - Quiz]()
- C.
![Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz - Quiz]()
- D.
![Female Reproductive System MCQ Trivia Quiz - Quiz]()
Correct Answer
B. -
- 16.
In the uterine cycle, there are two separate negative feedbacks and one positive feedback, depending on the point in the cycle. In a normal 28 day cycle, on day 21, what feedback loop is active in controlling the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone?
- A.
Estradiol-dependent negative feedback
- B.
Estradiol-dependent positive feedback
- C.
Progesterone-dependent negative feedback
- D.
Progesterone-dependent positive feedback
- E.
Testosterone-dependent negative feedback
Correct Answer
C. Progesterone-dependent negative feedbackExplanation
On day 21 of a normal 28-day uterine cycle, the feedback loop that is active in controlling the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone is progesterone-dependent negative feedback. Progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, inhibits the release of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. This negative feedback helps to maintain hormonal balance and prevent further ovulation during the luteal phase of the cycle.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The figure below illustrates the time course of plasma estradiol concentration during the ovarian cycle. From the table below pick the correct type of feedback regulation of LH secretion that exists at the boxes labeled "1" and "2".
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
The correct type of feedback regulation of LH secretion that exists at the boxes labeled "1" and "2" is negative feedback. This is because when the plasma estradiol concentration increases, it inhibits the secretion of LH, leading to a decrease in LH levels. This negative feedback helps regulate the ovarian cycle and maintain hormonal balance.Rate this question:
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- 18.
"Endrometriosis is a condition in which functional endometrial tissue is found at locations other than the uterus". From the following table pick the correct designation of hormones that account for proliferation and secretory function of ectopic endometrial tissue. Cellular proliferation Increased secretory function A Estrogen Estrogen B Progesterone Progesterone C Estrogen Progesterone D Progesterone Estrogen
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
Estrogen is responsible for cellular proliferation, while progesterone is responsible for increased secretory function. Therefore, the correct designation of hormones that account for proliferation and secretory function of ectopic endometrial tissue is estrogen and progesterone, which corresponds to option C.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A 25-year-old female comes to your OB/GYN practice at a highly respected medical center noted for it's involvement in sequencing the human genome. Her primary complaint is amenorrhea. Since you have a keen interest in genetic bases for reproductive dysfunction, you obtain tissue from this young female and have the laboratory perform a gene scan. The result of this genetic analysis reveals a point mutation in the gene encoding for protein kinase A in theca and granulosa, cells. Based upon these findings, what is an appropriate finding associated with her amenorrhea?
- A.
Over-expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
- B.
Under-expression of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
- C.
Over-expression of oxytocin by supraoptic neurons (SON) of the hypothalamus
- D.
Over-expression of aromatase by granulosa cells of the ovary.
- E.
Over-expression of cholesterol side chain cleaving enzyme (also known as desmolase) by mitochondria of theca and granulosa cells of the ovary.
Correct Answer
A. Over-expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).Explanation
The presence of a point mutation in the gene encoding for protein kinase A in the theca and granulosa cells suggests a dysregulation in the signaling pathway involved in the production and release of LH and FSH. Protein kinase A plays a crucial role in the activation of these hormones. Over-expression of LH and FSH can disrupt the normal menstrual cycle and lead to amenorrhea.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A 33-year-old woman is diagnosed with endometriosis. Her physician chooses a nonsteroidal pharmacotherapy that will be used for 6 months to stop the endogenous production of estrogen and progesterone, effectively withdrawing all hormonal support for a proliferative endometrium. Which of the following is most likely the chosen therapeutic regimen?
- A.
Clomiphene
- B.
Bromocriptine
- C.
Low dose oral contraceptive
- D.
Medroxyprogesterone
- E.
Leuprolide
Correct Answer
E. LeuprolideExplanation
Leuprolide is most likely the chosen therapeutic regimen because it is a medication that suppresses the production of estrogen and progesterone. It is commonly used in the treatment of endometriosis to effectively withdraw hormonal support for the proliferative endometrium. Clomiphene is used to induce ovulation and would not be appropriate in this case. Bromocriptine is used to treat hyperprolactinemia. Low dose oral contraceptives and medroxyprogesterone may help manage symptoms of endometriosis, but they do not completely stop the production of estrogen and progesterone like leuprolide does.Rate this question:
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- 21.
End of quiz
- A.
Great job
- B.
This sucked
Correct Answer
A. Great job -
.JPG "Which of the labeled structures in the diagram below is reconstructed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?")
.JPG "The adjacent figure illustrates the time course of plasma estradiol concentration during the ovarian cycle. Pick the correct concept map that depicts the feedback relationship that exists during the phase of estradiol concentration indicated by the dashed box 1.")
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.JPG "The figure below illustrates the time course of plasma estradiol concentration during the ovarian cycle. From the table below pick the correct type of feedback regulation of LH secretion that exists at the boxes labeled \"1\" and \"2\".")
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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