Biology Semester 1 Final Exam

Water is an example of a liquid because it exists in a state where its molecules are close together but still able to move and flow. Liquids have a definite volume but do not have a definite shape, taking the shape of their container. Water, in its liquid state, is commonly found on Earth and is essential for various biological processes and human survival.

A block of Lead is a solid because it has a definite shape and volume, and its particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement. Solids have strong intermolecular forces, which prevent the particles from moving freely. In the case of Lead, its atoms are tightly bonded together, resulting in a solid state at room temperature.

Oxygen is an example of a gas because it exists in the gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen gas is essential for respiration and combustion, and it is commonly used in various industrial processes and medical applications.

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In this situation, John is trying to find out the number of people who have Comcast cable in their house. This requires collecting numerical data, specifically the count or quantity of people with Comcast cable. Therefore, the appropriate kind of data to use in this situation is quantitative data.

An ion is a charged particle because it has gained or lost electrons, resulting in an imbalance of positive or negative charge. This charge imbalance allows ions to interact with other particles through electrostatic forces. Ions play a crucial role in chemical reactions and are commonly found in solutions, such as in electrolytes. They can be either positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions), depending on whether they have lost or gained electrons.

Water has a pH of 7, which is considered neutral on the pH scale. The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, with values below 7 indicating acidity, values above 7 indicating alkalinity, and 7 representing neutrality. Since water has a pH of 7, it is neither acidic nor alkaline, making it neutral.

Battery acid is a strong acid, as indicated by its pH value of 0. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, resulting in a low pH. Battery acid, also known as sulfuric acid, is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns and damage to materials. Therefore, the correct answer is acid.

Mitochondria are the correct answer because they are known as the powerhouse of the cell. They are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are able to generate energy by breaking down carbohydrates and fats. This energy is essential for various cellular processes and activities, making mitochondria crucial for providing energy to the cell.

The cell membrane is referred to as semi-permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the movement of others. This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and controlling the movement of molecules such as nutrients, ions, and waste products. The membrane achieves this through various mechanisms such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Therefore, the term "semi-permeable" accurately describes the membrane's ability to regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Pure water is considered neutral because it has an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, meaning that the concentration of H+ ions is equal to the concentration of OH- ions. Therefore, pure water must have a pH of 7.

For this situation, qualitative data would be the appropriate choice. Qualitative data refers to non-numerical information that provides insights into people's opinions, feelings, and experiences. In this case, Mike is interested in understanding how happy people are with their cable service, which involves gathering subjective information about their satisfaction levels, preferences, and complaints. This type of data can be collected through interviews, surveys, or focus groups, allowing Mike to gather rich and detailed insights into customers' experiences with their cable service.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in the cell. Lysosomes also play a role in digesting nutrients by breaking down molecules into smaller components that can be used by the cell for energy and other processes. Therefore, lysosomes are the organelles that clean and digest nutrients in the cell.

The measurement of Mike's money in his bank is accurate because it is close to the actual amount of five hundred dollars. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or target value. In this case, the measurement is close to the expected value, making it accurate. Precision, on the other hand, refers to the level of detail or consistency in repeated measurements. Since the question does not provide information about the consistency or level of detail in Mike's counting, we cannot determine if the measurement is precise.

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Lysosomes and Vacuole are not organelles used by plants for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants. Lysosomes are involved in the digestion of waste materials and Vacuoles are responsible for storing water, nutrients, and waste products.

The measurement of Jenny's money in her bank is precise because it is given to the exact amount of $566.23. Precision refers to the level of detail or exactness in a measurement, and in this case, the measurement is specific to the hundredth decimal place, indicating precision. Accuracy, on the other hand, refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value, which is not provided in this situation.

Soap has a basic pH because it contains alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. These substances are known as bases and have a pH greater than 7. Therefore, the pH of soap must be 8 or above.

The 7 characteristics of living things are: maintain homeostasis, reproduce, respond to the environment, are made up of cells, have a mechanism for heredity, use energy and matter, and grow and develop. These characteristics define what it means to be a living organism. They encompass the ability to regulate internal conditions, pass on genetic information, adapt to the surroundings, and undergo growth and development. The ability to use energy and matter is also crucial for sustaining life processes. However, walking, playing sports, and communication with others are not universally applicable characteristics of all living things.