Basic EKG Interpretation, A. Olseth, St Davids

The given options are different types of cardiac rhythms. Atrial Fibrillation is an irregular and rapid heart rhythm originating from the atria. Sinus Bradycardia is a slow heart rhythm originating from the sinus node. Ventricular Paced Rhythm is a rhythm where the ventricles are paced artificially. Complete Heart Block (3rd degree) is a condition where there is a complete block in the electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles, resulting in an independent rhythm of the atria and ventricles. Based on the options provided, the correct answer is Complete Heart Block (3rd degree).

Sinus Bradycardia is the correct answer because it is a type of rhythm characterized by a normal sinus rhythm with a slow heart rate. In this rhythm, the electrical signals in the heart originate from the sinus node, but the heart rate is slower than normal, typically less than 60 beats per minute. This can be a normal finding in athletes or during sleep, but it can also be caused by certain medications, heart disease, or other underlying conditions. It is important to evaluate the patient's symptoms and clinical context to determine the significance of sinus bradycardia.

Sinus Tachycardia is not a normal rhythm and may require intervention. It is characterized by a faster than normal heart rate, typically above 100 beats per minute. It can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, fever, dehydration, or certain medications. In some cases, treatment may be necessary to address the underlying cause or to manage symptoms. Therefore, the statement that Sinus Tachycardia is a normal rhythm that does not require intervention is false.

The correct answer is "Normal Sinus Rhythm Rate of 60". Normal Sinus Rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the impulse originates from the sinus node and follows a regular pattern. A rate of 60 indicates that the heart is beating at a normal pace of 60 beats per minute. This is considered a healthy and normal heart rhythm.

The given answer states that the patient is having an Acute MI (Myocardial Infarction). This can be inferred from the information provided in the question. However, without any further details or EKG findings, it is difficult to determine the specific characteristics of the MI or the severity of the condition. It is important to note that further evaluation and diagnostic tests would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan for the patient.

Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer because it is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid atrial contractions. In atrial fibrillation, the atria quiver instead of contracting effectively, leading to an irregular ventricular response. This can result in symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. It is important to identify atrial fibrillation as it increases the risk of stroke and other complications.

The given answer, "Dual Chamber Paced Rhythm," is the best description of the rhythm based on the 12-lead image. This is because a dual chamber paced rhythm means that both the atria and ventricles are being paced by a pacemaker. In this rhythm, the electrical signals are being artificially generated in both the atria and ventricles, indicating that the natural conduction system of the heart is not functioning properly. This can be seen in the 12-lead image, which shows pacing spikes in both the P waves and QRS complexes. Therefore, the correct answer is Dual Chamber Paced Rhythm.

PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity) refers to a condition where there is electrical activity in the heart, but no detectable pulse or blood flow. This means that even though the electrical rhythm may appear normal on the monitor, the patient is not actually perfusing blood to vital organs. This can be misleading as it may give the impression that the patient is in a normal sinus rhythm. Therefore, the statement that PEA can typically look like Normal Sinus Rhythm on the monitor is true.

Sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart, where the electrical impulses originate from the sinus node. Premature atrial contractions (PACs) are extra, abnormal heartbeats that occur in the atria before the next regular heartbeat. In this case, the rhythm is considered sinus rhythm because the electrical impulses are originating from the sinus node, but the presence of premature atrial contractions indicates that there are occasional abnormal heartbeats occurring in the atria.

A right bundle branch block is a type of abnormal heart rhythm where there is a delay or blockage in the electrical signals that travel through the right bundle branch of the heart. This can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) as a widened QRS complex. It is typically caused by underlying heart conditions or damage to the heart's electrical system. The presence of a right bundle branch block can indicate an increased risk for certain heart conditions, such as heart failure or arrhythmias.

The correct answer is to check responsiveness and pulse, begin CPR, and call for help. Checking responsiveness and pulse is important to determine if the person is conscious and if their heart is beating. If there is no pulse, CPR should be initiated to provide artificial circulation. Calling for help is crucial to ensure that additional medical assistance is on the way. Defibrillation may not be applicable in this scenario as it is not mentioned in the question.

Sinus tachycardia is the correct answer because it is a rhythm characterized by an increased heart rate originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node. In this rhythm, the electrical impulses are generated normally from the SA node but at a faster rate, resulting in a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. This can be caused by various factors such as exercise, stress, fever, or certain medications. Unlike other options, such as Supraventricular Tachycardia or Atrial Flutter, sinus tachycardia originates from the SA node and is considered a normal physiological response rather than a pathological condition.

Based on the information provided, it can be determined that the patient is in Normal Sinus Rhythm because there are regular P waves preceding each QRS complex. The strip also shows Ventricular Trigeminy, as there are groups of three consecutive QRS complexes with two normal beats followed by a premature ventricular contraction. Additionally, the strip indicates the presence of Premature Ventricular Contractions, as there are isolated wide QRS complexes occurring earlier than expected. Therefore, the correct answers are: The Patient is in Normal Sinus Rhythm, The Patient has Ventricular Trigeminy, and The Patient is having Premature Ventricular Contractions.