AP Government ChAPters 14-16

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    How long is the term of a federal judge or justice?

    • They serve lifetime positions.
    • Four years
    • Two years
    • 10 years
    • 15 years
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AP Government ChAPters 14-16 - Quiz
About This Quiz

This AP Government quiz covers Chapters 14-16, focusing on federal policies, revenue sources, and bureaucratic implementation. It assesses understanding of entitlements, IRS functions, Congressional spending origins, and policy execution, crucial for students preparing for advanced placement exams.

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  • 2. 

    Those who are interested in the outcome of a case, but are not formal litigants, sometimes submit ______ briefs, raising points of view and presenting information that they hope will influence the Supreme Court's decision.

    • Amicus curiae

    • Stare decisis

    • Concurring

    • Per curiam

    • Certiorani

    Correct Answer
    A. Amicus curiae
    Explanation
    Amicus curiae briefs are submitted by individuals or organizations who are not directly involved in a legal case but have a strong interest in the outcome. These briefs allow them to present their perspectives and provide additional information to the Supreme Court, hoping to influence the court's decision. The term "amicus curiae" literally means "friend of the court," indicating that these briefs are meant to assist the court in reaching a fair and just decision.

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  • 3. 

    Policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay a certain level of benefits based on a certain number of recipients are known as

    • Entitlements.

    • Welfare.

    • Earmarks.

    • Pork.

    • Incremental expenditures.

    Correct Answer
    A. Entitlements.
    Explanation
    Policies for which Congress has obligated itself to pay a certain level of benefits based on a certain number of recipients are known as entitlements. This means that Congress has committed to providing specific benefits to individuals or groups who meet certain criteria, regardless of the overall budget or funding availability. These entitlement programs are typically designed to provide social welfare or assistance to those in need, such as Social Security or Medicare.

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  • 4. 

    When a small number of people sue on behalf of all other people in similar circumstances, it is known as a(n)

    • Standing to sue.

    • Justiciable dispute.

    • Class action suit.

    • Appeal.

    • Criminal appeal.

    Correct Answer
    A. Class action suit.
    Explanation
    A class action suit is a legal action where a small group of individuals, known as the plaintiffs, sue on behalf of a larger group of people who have similar claims or grievances. This allows for a more efficient resolution of legal issues that affect a large number of individuals, as it consolidates multiple cases into one. It also ensures that individuals who may not have the resources or ability to file individual lawsuits still have the opportunity to seek justice and compensation.

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  • 5. 

    ________ opinions are those offered by one or more Supreme Court justices not only to support a majority decision, but also to stress a different Constitutional or legal basis for the judgment.

    • Adjunct

    • Concurring

    • Dissenting

    • Amicus curiae

    • Differential

    Correct Answer
    A. Concurring
    Explanation
    Concurring opinions are those offered by one or more Supreme Court justices not only to support a majority decision but also to stress a different Constitutional or legal basis for the judgment. This means that while the justices agree with the majority decision, they may have different reasoning or interpretations of the law. Concurring opinions can provide alternative perspectives and arguments that may influence future legal decisions.

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  • 6. 

    Courts with appellate jurisdiction

    • Have no original jurisdiction.

    • Determine the facts about the case.

    • Review the legal issues involved in the case.

    • Hear only civil cases.

    • Hear only criminal cases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Review the legal issues involved in the case.
    Explanation
    Courts with appellate jurisdiction are responsible for reviewing the legal issues involved in a case. This means that their role is to examine the decisions made by lower courts and determine if any errors were made in the application or interpretation of the law. Unlike courts with original jurisdiction, which have the authority to hear cases for the first time and determine the facts, appellate courts focus solely on the legal aspects of a case. They do not have the power to determine the facts or hear new evidence. Therefore, the correct answer is "review the legal issues involved in the case."

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  • 7. 

    Forty years ago, the most expensive part of the federal budget was

    • Military spending.

    • Education.

    • Roads and bridges.

    • Social services.

    • Health care.

    Correct Answer
    A. Military spending.
    Explanation
    Forty years ago, the most expensive part of the federal budget was military spending. This suggests that a significant portion of the government's funds were allocated towards defense and armed forces. It implies that the government prioritized national security and defense initiatives during that time, potentially due to geopolitical factors or conflicts happening globally. The other options, such as education, roads and bridges, social services, and health care, were not as costly as military spending at that time.

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  • 8. 

    A major feature of incremental budgeting is that it

    • Provides small increases in the current budget over the previous year's budget.

    • Reevaluates the budgetary base on which past budgets were built.

    • Fragments the budget into many small items, making it hard to plan for a unified budget.

    • Reduces current budgets by small amounts over successive years.

    • Greatly inflates government spending each year.

    Correct Answer
    A. Provides small increases in the current budget over the previous year's budget.
    Explanation
    Incremental budgeting is a budgeting approach where small increases are provided in the current budget over the previous year's budget. This means that the budget is built upon the previous year's budget and small increments are added to it. This approach allows for stability and continuity in budgeting, as it is easier to manage small increases rather than drastic changes. It also allows for better planning and allocation of resources as it takes into account the previous year's budget and builds upon it.

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  • 9. 

    There are _____ federal courts of appeal, a Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and _____ federal district courts.

    • 12; 91

    • Two; 91

    • One; 91

    • 91; thousands of

    • Thousand of; 91

    Correct Answer
    A. 12; 91
    Explanation
    There are 12 federal courts of appeal, a Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and 91 federal district courts.

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  • 10. 

    Who pays Social Security taxes?

    • Employees and Social Security recipients

    • Employers and employees

    • Employers only

    • Employees only

    • Employers and Social Security recipients

    Correct Answer
    A. Employers and employees
    Explanation
    Employers and employees both pay Social Security taxes. This tax is split between the employer and the employee, with each contributing a certain percentage of the employee's wages. The employer is responsible for withholding the employee's portion of the tax and submitting it to the government on their behalf. This tax is used to fund the Social Security program, which provides benefits to retired workers, disabled individuals, and their dependents. Therefore, both employers and employees have a financial obligation to contribute to the Social Security system.

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  • 11. 

    What is the largest social policy of the federal government?

    • Job-training programs

    • College loans

    • Children's health insurance

    • Early childhood education

    • Social Security

    Correct Answer
    A. Social Security
    Explanation
    Social Security is the largest social policy of the federal government because it provides financial support to retired and disabled individuals, as well as to the dependents of deceased workers. It is a comprehensive program that covers a wide range of beneficiaries and plays a crucial role in ensuring the economic well-being of millions of Americans. Social Security is funded through payroll taxes and is administered by the Social Security Administration.

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  • 12. 

    The concept of original intent holds that

    • The Founders intended judges to use discretion.

    • It is necessary to adapt the principles in the Constitution to the demands of each era.

    • Judges and justices should determine the intent of the Framers of the Constitution regarding a particular matter and decide cases in line with that intent.

    • The Founders intended judges to interpret the Constitution but make new law when necessary.

    • The Founders embraced general principles that are open to interpretation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Judges and justices should determine the intent of the Framers of the Constitution regarding a particular matter and decide cases in line with that intent.
    Explanation
    The concept of original intent suggests that judges and justices should analyze the intentions of the Framers of the Constitution with regards to a specific issue and make decisions accordingly. This means that they should interpret the Constitution based on the original understanding and purpose of its creators. By doing so, they can ensure that their rulings align with the original intent of the Framers, rather than imposing their own personal beliefs or adapting the principles to fit the demands of the current era.

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  • 13. 

    Once a policy decision has been made, such as by passing a legislative act or issuing an executive order, the bureaucracy is responsible for

    • Judging its merits.

    • Its deregulation.

    • Its implementation.

    • Funding it.

    • Its ratification.

    Correct Answer
    A. Its implementation.
    Explanation
    Once a policy decision has been made, the bureaucracy is responsible for its implementation. This means that the bureaucracy is in charge of putting the policy into action, ensuring that it is carried out effectively and efficiently. This involves developing specific plans and strategies, coordinating with different departments and agencies, allocating resources, and monitoring progress. The bureaucracy plays a crucial role in translating policy decisions into practical actions that can achieve the intended goals and objectives.

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  • 14. 

    A budget deficit occurs when expenditures exceed

    • Appropriations.

    • Revenues.

    • Borrowing.

    • Inflation.

    • Authorizations.

    Correct Answer
    A. Revenues.
    Explanation
    A budget deficit occurs when expenditures exceed revenues. This means that the amount of money spent by the government is greater than the amount of money it receives through various sources such as taxes, fees, and other income. When this happens, the government may need to borrow money to cover the shortfall, which can lead to increased debt. Inflation and authorizations are not directly related to budget deficits.

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  • 15. 

    Class action suits

    • Are routinely filed by teachers groups to prepare the way for legal strikes.

    • Are those that have to do with constitutional issues, thus broadening the standing to sue.

    • Permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated.

    • May only be filed if all of those with a standing to sue agree to participate.

    • Are filed by students seeking to force a school district to offer additional sections of perpetually overenrolled courses.

    Correct Answer
    A. Permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated.
    Explanation
    Class action suits permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated. In a class action suit, a representative plaintiff brings a lawsuit on behalf of a larger group of people who have similar claims. This allows for efficiency in the legal process, as it would be impractical for each individual to file a separate lawsuit. Class action suits are often used when there are widespread harms or when it would be difficult for individuals to pursue their claims individually.

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  • 16. 

    Which federal agency was created in order to collect the federal income tax?

    • The Internal Revenue Service

    • The Auditors General

    • The Treasury Department

    • The Congressional Budget Office

    • The General Accounting Office

    Correct Answer
    A. The Internal Revenue Service
    Explanation
    The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) was created as a federal agency specifically to collect the federal income tax. It is responsible for enforcing tax laws, processing tax returns, and collecting taxes from individuals and businesses. The IRS plays a crucial role in the administration of the federal tax system and ensures that taxpayers comply with their tax obligations.

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  • 17. 

    A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground, is called

    • Precedent.

    • Stare decisis.

    • Judicial restraint.

    • Strict constructionism.

    • Judicial activism.

    Correct Answer
    A. Judicial activism.
    Explanation
    Judicial activism refers to a judicial philosophy where judges make bold policy decisions, including charting new constitutional ground. It involves judges actively interpreting the law, sometimes even going beyond established legal precedents, to bring about social or political change. This approach is often associated with a willingness to challenge existing laws and take an active role in shaping public policy.

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  • 18. 

    An "iron triangle" consists of

    • Those favoring regulation X, those opposing regulation X, and the regulatory agency in charge of overseeing X.

    • The president, the head of a relevant congressional committee, and the head of any regulatory agency.

    • A bureaucratic agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee or subcommittee.

    • The metal stamp used to certify that the president has approved a new regulation and it now takes legal effect.

    • Representatives of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

    Correct Answer
    A. A bureaucratic agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee or subcommittee.
    Explanation
    An "iron triangle" refers to a close and mutually beneficial relationship between a bureaucratic agency, an interest group, and a congressional committee or subcommittee. These three entities work together to shape and influence the creation and implementation of regulations. The bureaucratic agency is responsible for overseeing and enforcing the regulations, the interest group represents the specific industry or stakeholders affected by the regulations, and the congressional committee or subcommittee has the authority to create and amend the regulations. This collaboration often leads to policies that favor the interest group while still maintaining the appearance of government oversight and regulation.

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  • 19. 

    The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913,

    • Explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.

    • Required the federal government to balance its budget each year.

    • Limited the total income tax Congress could levy on an individual.

    • Set up the Social Security system.

    • Forbade Congress from levying an income tax.

    Correct Answer
    A. Explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.
    Explanation
    The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax. This means that before the amendment, Congress did not have the power to impose an income tax. The amendment granted Congress the authority to tax individuals' income, allowing them to generate revenue for the federal government. This change in the Constitution was a significant development in the history of taxation in the United States.

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  • 20. 

    If _______ Supreme Court justices agree to grant review of a case, it can be scheduled for oral argument or decided on the basis of the written record already on file with the Court.

    • Nine

    • Two

    • Six

    • Seven

    • Four

    Correct Answer
    A. Four
    Explanation
    If four Supreme Court justices agree to grant review of a case, it can be scheduled for oral argument or decided on the basis of the written record already on file with the Court.

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  • 21. 

    All courts rely heavily upon ________, the way similar cases were handled in the past, as a guide to current decisions.

    • Original intent

    • Writs of mandamus

    • Amicus curiae

    • Writs of certiorari

    • Precedent

    Correct Answer
    A. Precedent
    Explanation
    Precedent refers to the way similar cases were handled in the past, and it serves as a guide for current decisions in all courts. By looking at previous rulings, judges can establish consistency and predictability in the legal system. Precedent helps ensure fairness and uniformity in the application of the law, as it prevents arbitrary decisions and allows for the development of legal principles over time. Therefore, all courts heavily rely on precedent to make informed and consistent judgments.

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  • 22. 

    Standing to sue refers to

    • Habeas corpus.

    • The principle of precedent.

    • Legal prerogative.

    • The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in case.

    • Demonstrated financial harm or injury.

    Correct Answer
    A. The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in case.
    Explanation
    Standing to sue refers to the requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in the case. This means that individuals or parties who wish to bring a lawsuit must have a direct and personal stake in the outcome of the case. They must demonstrate that they have been personally affected or injured by the actions or decisions being challenged in the lawsuit. Without standing, a plaintiff does not have the legal right to bring a lawsuit and have their case heard in court. Therefore, standing is a crucial aspect of the legal system to ensure that only those with a genuine interest in the case can pursue legal action.

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  • 23. 

    As a whole, the permanent federal bureaucracy is

    • Composed of an American elite.

    • More broadly representative of the American people than the rest of the federal government.

    • Now employing 15 percent of the American workforce.

    • Less diverse in terms of the types of jobs than the private sector.

    • Dominated by white males.

    Correct Answer
    A. More broadly representative of the American people than the rest of the federal government.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "more broadly representative of the American people than the rest of the federal government." This means that the permanent federal bureaucracy includes a wider range of individuals from different backgrounds and demographics, making it more reflective of the diversity within the American population compared to other branches of the federal government.

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  • 24. 

    The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem is called

    • Administrative discretion.

    • The definition of alternatives.

    • Policy implementation.

    • The merit principle.

    • Selective management.

    Correct Answer
    A. Administrative discretion.
    Explanation
    Administrative discretion refers to the authority of administrative actors to choose from different options or responses when faced with a problem. It allows them to exercise judgment and make decisions based on their expertise and understanding of the situation. This discretion is essential in navigating complex administrative tasks and adapting to unique circumstances. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the definition of alternatives, policy implementation, the merit principle, and selective management, do not accurately describe the concept of administrative discretion.

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  • 25. 

    Patronage is a hiring and promotion system based on

    • The merit principle.

    • Knowing the right people.

    • Civil service exams.

    • The Pendleton Act.

    • Talent and skill.

    Correct Answer
    A. Knowing the right people.
    Explanation
    Patronage is a hiring and promotion system that is based on knowing the right people. This means that individuals are selected for positions or advancements based on their personal connections and relationships rather than their qualifications or abilities. This practice often leads to nepotism and favoritism, as individuals who are well-connected or have influential relationships are given preferential treatment in the hiring and promotion process.

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  • 26. 

    In 1965, _______ was added to the Social Security program to provide health care coverage to the elderly.

    • Disability

    • Medicaid

    • Medplan

    • Medicare

    • Unemployment insurance

    Correct Answer
    A. Medicare
    Explanation
    In 1965, Medicare was added to the Social Security program to provide health care coverage to the elderly.

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  • 27. 

    Government corporations

    • Sell stock and pay dividends.

    • Tend to be captured by interest groups.

    • Operate an airline, manufacture steel, and provide health insurance.

    • Provide services and charge for them.

    • Are independent regulatory agencies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Provide services and charge for them.
    Explanation
    Government corporations are entities that are owned and operated by the government but function like private businesses. They provide various services to the public and charge fees or prices for those services. This allows them to generate revenue and cover their operating costs. Unlike independent regulatory agencies, which have the authority to regulate specific industries, government corporations focus on providing services and operating in sectors such as airlines, steel manufacturing, or health insurance.

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  • 28. 

    Courts with _______ jurisdiction hear cases brought to them on appeal from a lower court.

    • Original

    • Supreme

    • Upper

    • Constitutional

    • Appellate

    Correct Answer
    A. Appellate
    Explanation
    Courts with appellate jurisdiction hear cases brought to them on appeal from a lower court. Appellate jurisdiction refers to the power of a higher court to review and revise decisions made by lower courts. These courts do not hold trials or hear evidence, but rather review the legal decisions made in the lower court to determine if any errors were made. Therefore, the correct answer is "appellate" because it accurately describes the type of jurisdiction that these courts have.

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  • 29. 

    What government agency has been established to assist Congress in making budgeting decisions?

    • The Congressional Budget Office

    • The Internal Revenue Service

    • The Commerce Department

    • The Office of Management and Budget

    • The Treasury Department

    Correct Answer
    A. The Congressional Budget Office
    Explanation
    The Congressional Budget Office has been established to assist Congress in making budgeting decisions. It provides objective and nonpartisan analysis of economic and budgetary issues, prepares cost estimates for proposed legislation, and projects the costs and economic effects of policy alternatives. This agency plays a crucial role in helping Congress make informed decisions about the federal budget and fiscal policies.

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  • 30. 

    The Weberian model views bureaucracies as

    • Promoting good monopolies.

    • Efficient and necessary.

    • Largely self-serving.

    • Loosely organized and loosely run.

    • Hindering democracy.

    Correct Answer
    A. Efficient and necessary.
    Explanation
    The Weberian model views bureaucracies as efficient and necessary because it argues that a bureaucratic system with clear rules, hierarchical authority, and specialization of tasks can lead to efficient and effective administration. According to Max Weber, bureaucracies are necessary for the smooth functioning of complex organizations and societies, as they provide stability, predictability, and expertise in decision-making processes. This perspective emphasizes the importance of bureaucracy in achieving organizational goals and maintaining order and efficiency.

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  • 31. 

    There are ________ cabinet departments headed by a secretary chosen by the president and approved by the Senate.

    • 25

    • 20

    • 15

    • 10

    • 5

    Correct Answer
    A. 15
    Explanation
    There are 15 cabinet departments headed by a secretary chosen by the president and approved by the Senate. The cabinet departments are crucial in advising the president on various matters and implementing policies. Each department focuses on specific areas such as defense, justice, treasury, and education, among others. The secretaries play a vital role in leading these departments and working closely with the president to shape and execute the administration's agenda.

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  • 32. 

    The vast majority of cases reaching the federal courts are settled on the principle of ________, meaning that an earlier ruling should hold for the case being considered.

    • Certiorari

    • Historical authority

    • Stare decisis

    • Per curiam

    • Amicus curiae

    Correct Answer
    A. Stare decisis
    Explanation
    Stare decisis is the correct answer because it refers to the principle that previous court decisions should be followed when deciding similar cases. This principle promotes consistency and predictability in the legal system. By adhering to stare decisis, the federal courts ensure that their rulings are based on established legal precedents, giving weight to the decisions made in the past. This principle is important in maintaining the stability and integrity of the judicial system.

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  • 33. 

    Litigants are

    • The attorneys.

    • The defendant and the defendant's attorney.

    • The plaintiff and the defendant.

    • Plaintiffs.

    • The plaintiff and the plaintiff's attorney.

    Correct Answer
    A. The plaintiff and the defendant.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the plaintiff and the defendant. In a legal case, the litigants are the parties involved in the lawsuit. The plaintiff is the party who initiates the lawsuit and brings the case to court, seeking a legal remedy. The defendant, on the other hand, is the party against whom the lawsuit is filed and who must defend themselves against the claims made by the plaintiff. Therefore, both the plaintiff and the defendant are considered as litigants in a legal case.

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  • 34. 

    How many times has the Supreme Court ruled a federal law unconstitutional?

    • More than 500

    • Fewer than 200

    • Once

    • About 1,000

    • Never

    Correct Answer
    A. Fewer than 200
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "fewer than 200." The Supreme Court has ruled a federal law unconstitutional fewer than 200 times. This means that out of the numerous federal laws that have been passed, the Supreme Court has found only a small number of them to be in violation of the Constitution. This highlights the Court's role in interpreting and upholding the Constitution by striking down laws that are deemed unconstitutional.

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  • 35. 

    The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector is called

    • Policy implementation.

    • Regulation.

    • Administrative discretion.

    • Public administration.

    • Patronage.

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulation.
    Explanation
    Regulation refers to the use of governmental authority to control or change practices in the private sector. It involves the creation and enforcement of rules and standards to ensure compliance and maintain order. Policy implementation, on the other hand, refers to the process of putting policies into action. Administrative discretion refers to the authority given to public administrators to make decisions within their scope of authority. Public administration is a broader term that encompasses the management and implementation of government policies and programs. Patronage refers to the practice of granting favors or rewards in exchange for support or loyalty.

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  • 36. 

    In a typical year, the Supreme Court issues ______ formal written opinions that could serve as precedent, and thus as the basis of guidance for lower courts.

    • More than 1,000

    • Between 150 and 500

    • Fewer than 100

    • Fewer than 10

    • More than 500, but less than 1,000

    Correct Answer
    A. Fewer than 100
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "fewer than 100" because the statement mentions that the Supreme Court issues formal written opinions that could serve as precedent. Precedents are legal decisions that serve as a guide for future cases. If the Supreme Court issues fewer than 100 formal written opinions, it means that there are fewer cases that can be used as a basis of guidance for lower courts.

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  • 37. 

    A written opinion in a Supreme Court case is a 

    • Way of establishing the court's agenda.

    • Form of press release written by the chief justice.

    • Formality handled by the chief justice's law clerks.

    • Legal argument submitted by an attorney in a case seeking to sway a justice's decision.

    • Statement of the legal reasoning behind a decision.

    Correct Answer
    A. Statement of the legal reasoning behind a decision.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "statement of the legal reasoning behind a decision." This is because a written opinion in a Supreme Court case provides the explanation and justification for the court's decision. It outlines the legal reasoning and principles applied by the justices in reaching their conclusion. It serves as an important source of precedent and guidance for future cases and helps to establish the legal principles and interpretation of the law.

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  • 38. 

    The Voting Rights Act of 1965

    • Failed to achieve its policy goals because of the outright hostility of street-level bureaucrats.

    • Was impossible to implement because of a lack of clarity in the legislation.

    • Was successfully implemented thanks to its clear goal, its clear methods to achieve the goal, and its lack of bureaucratic fragmentation.

    • Was very difficult to implement because of the fragmentation of responsibility for implementing it.

    • All but D are true.

    Correct Answer
    A. Was successfully implemented thanks to its clear goal, its clear methods to achieve the goal, and its lack of bureaucratic fragmentation.
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was successfully implemented due to its clear goal, clear methods to achieve the goal, and lack of bureaucratic fragmentation. This implies that the legislation had a defined objective, a well-defined plan to achieve that objective, and a lack of complications or obstacles caused by bureaucratic divisions. These factors contributed to the successful implementation of the act.

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  • 39. 

    The schedule for federal employees ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries are keyed to rating and experience is called the

    • Spoils System.

    • General Schedule.

    • Merit Schedule.

    • Federal Register.

    • Hatch Register.

    Correct Answer
    A. General Schedule.
    Explanation
    The General Schedule is the correct answer because it refers to the schedule for federal employees ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, where salaries are determined based on rating and experience. The General Schedule is a pay system used by the U.S. government to determine the salaries of most white-collar federal employees. It establishes pay grades and steps, with higher grades indicating higher levels of responsibility and experience. This system ensures that federal employees are compensated fairly and consistently based on their qualifications and experience.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is not one of the major sources of federal revenues?

    • Social insurance taxes

    • Personal income taxes

    • Sales taxes

    • Corporate income taxes

    • Borrowing

    Correct Answer
    A. Sales taxes
    Explanation
    Sales taxes are not one of the major sources of federal revenues. The major sources of federal revenues include social insurance taxes, personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, and borrowing. Sales taxes are typically collected by state and local governments, not the federal government. These taxes are imposed on the sale of goods and services and are used to fund state and local government programs and services.

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  • 41. 

    Once the Office of Management and Budget has prepared the federal budget,

    • It becomes law.

    • Congress must vote it up or down as a package within ten days.

    • The president makes revisions and submits it to Congress.

    • It is sent to the Treasury Department for implementation.

    • It is either signed into law or vetoed by the president.

    Correct Answer
    A. The president makes revisions and submits it to Congress.
  • 42. 

    Revenue losses attributable to provisions of the federal tax laws, which allow a special exemption, exclusion, or deduction are known as

    • Treasury bills.

    • Tax expenditures.

    • Tax dividends.

    • Fiscal seepages.

    • Tax reductions.

    Correct Answer
    A. Tax expenditures.
    Explanation
    Revenue losses attributable to provisions of the federal tax laws, which allow a special exemption, exclusion, or deduction are known as tax expenditures. Tax expenditures refer to the forgone revenue resulting from tax provisions that provide preferential treatment to certain individuals or groups. These provisions reduce the amount of tax that would otherwise be collected by the government, resulting in revenue losses. The term "tax expenditures" is used to highlight the fact that these provisions have a similar effect to direct government spending, as they provide financial benefits to specific taxpayers.

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  • 43. 

    Judicial ______ refers to how and whether court decisions are translated into real policy, affecting the behavior of others.

    • Intent

    • Implementation

    • Action

    • Review

    • Restraint

    Correct Answer
    A. Implementation
    Explanation
    Implementation refers to the process of putting court decisions into action and ensuring that they are effectively carried out. It involves translating the rulings and judgments into practical policies that can impact the behavior of individuals and institutions. Implementation is crucial for the proper functioning of the judicial system as it ensures that court decisions have real-world consequences and can bring about the desired changes or outcomes.

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  • 44. 

    The requirement that cases must be capable of being settled as a matter of law rather than on other grounds is known as

    • Amicus curiae.

    • Stare decisis.

    • Precedent.

    • Justiciable disputes.

    • Writ of mandamus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Justiciable disputes.
    Explanation
    The requirement that cases must be capable of being settled as a matter of law rather than on other grounds is known as justiciable disputes. This means that the court must have the authority to hear and resolve the legal issues presented in a case, rather than being based on other factors such as political or social considerations. Justiciable disputes are those that are appropriate for judicial resolution and fall within the jurisdiction of the court. This requirement ensures that courts only decide cases that involve actual legal controversies and have a legal remedy available.

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  • 45. 

    The government borrows money principally by

    • Obtaining loans from the Federal Reserve.

    • Maintaining numerous credit card accounts.

    • Selling bonds.

    • Obtaining loans from foreign governments.

    • Printing more currency.

    Correct Answer
    A. Selling bonds.
    Explanation
    The government borrows money principally by selling bonds. Bonds are debt instruments issued by the government to raise funds. When individuals or institutions purchase these bonds, they are essentially lending money to the government. The government promises to repay the borrowed amount with interest at a specified future date. This method of borrowing allows the government to finance its operations and projects without solely relying on taxes or printing more currency, which could lead to inflation. Obtaining loans from the Federal Reserve or foreign governments are also methods of borrowing, but selling bonds is the principal way the government raises funds.

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  • 46. 

    The Weberian theory of bureaucracies views them in the most positive light as

    • Democratic.

    • Hierarchial.

    • Inefficient.

    • Acquisitive.

    • Monopolistic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hierarchial.
    Explanation
    The Weberian theory of bureaucracies views them as hierarchical. This means that bureaucracies are organized in a hierarchical structure with clear lines of authority and a chain of command. This structure allows for efficient decision-making and coordination within the organization. Additionally, the hierarchical structure ensures that individuals in positions of authority have the power to make and enforce decisions, which is a key characteristic of bureaucracies according to Weber's theory.

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  • 47. 

    A budget is

    • A policy determination of how much to spend.

    • A blueprint for what the government should do.

    • A policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures).

    • Passed by the president's cabinet.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures).
    Explanation
    A budget is a policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures). This means that a budget is a plan that determines how much money should be spent and where it should be allocated. It involves making decisions on taxes and expenditures, determining who will bear the burden of taxes and who will receive the benefits of government spending. This explanation accurately describes the purpose and function of a budget.

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  • 48. 

    Social Security programs, interest on the national debt, and military pensions are examples of

    • Incremental expenditures.

    • Revenue sources.

    • Uncontrollable expenditures.

    • Tax expenditures.

    • Tax loopholes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Uncontrollable expenditures.
    Explanation
    Social Security programs, interest on the national debt, and military pensions are categorized as uncontrollable expenditures. These are expenses that the government has little or no control over because they are determined by existing laws and obligations. Unlike discretionary expenditures, which can be adjusted or cut by policymakers, uncontrollable expenditures are mandatory and must be funded regardless of the government's budgetary decisions. Therefore, these programs and obligations fall under the category of uncontrollable expenditures.

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  • 49. 

    Which of the following is NOT among the functions of the Supreme Court?

    • Enforcing the orders of state regulatory agencies.

    • Resolving conflicts among states.

    • Maintaining national supremacy in law.

    • Ensuring uniformity in interpretations of laws.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Enforcing the orders of state regulatory agencies.
    Explanation
    The Supreme Court does not have the function of enforcing the orders of state regulatory agencies. The Court's main functions include resolving conflicts among states, maintaining national supremacy in law, and ensuring uniformity in interpretations of laws. However, enforcing the orders of state regulatory agencies is not one of its functions.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Dec 11, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Hookemhorns6767
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