Act Science Exam 4
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- 1.
Given the cooling curve below, what is the melting point of titanium?
- A.
500°C
- B.
1500°C
- C.
1700°C
- D.
3300°C
Correct Answer
C. 1700°CExplanation
C. In the cooling curve, the melting point is where the second plateau in temperature occurs, which is around 1700°C. See Lesson: States of Matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The compound silver sulfide has the formula Ag2S. Which of the following best describes the meaning of the subscript 2 in the formula?
- A.
The silver ion has a charge of -2.
- B.
The silver ion has a charge of +2.
- C.
There are two silver ions for every one sulfide ion.
- D.
There are two sulfide ions for every one silver ion.
Correct Answer
C. There are two silver ions for every one sulfide ion.Explanation
C. Because the 2 comes after the symbol for silver (Ag), it shows how many silver atoms are in one particle of the compound. See Lesson: Chemical Bonds.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which ions from a base react with hydrogen ions in a neutralization reaction?
- A.
CH3+
- B.
OH-
- C.
H3O+
- D.
COOH-
Correct Answer
B. OH-Explanation
B. When hydroxide ions (OH-) from a base react with hydrogen ions from an acid, both water and salt are formed. See Lesson: Acids and Bases.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What voltage is necessary to deliver 0.40 amps to a 2.5 × 103-ohm resistor?
- A.
1.6 × 10–4 volts
- B.
1.0 × 103 volts
- C.
2.9 × 103 volts
- D.
6.3 × 103 volts
Correct Answer
B. 1.0 × 103 voltsExplanation
B. Use Ohm’s law:
V=IR
V = 0.40 amps × (2.5×103 ohms) = 1.0×103 volts
See Lesson: Electricity and Magnetism.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A roller-coaster car reaches a circular portion of the track at a speed of 16.0 meters per second. If the circle has a radius of 22.5 meters and the car maintains its speed all the way around, what is its acceleration toward the center of the circle?
- A.
0.71 m/s2
- B.
11.4 m/s2
- C.
19.0 m/s2
- D.
256 m/s2
Correct Answer
B. 11.4 m/s2 -
- 6.
An object simultaneously experiences forces of (3.1, 5.4), (–2.6, 1.9), and (0, –4.3) in newtons. What is the net force on the object?
- A.
(0, –44) N
- B.
(0.50, 3.0) N
- C.
(0.71, 1.7) N
- D.
(5.7, 12.0) N
Correct Answer
B. (0.50, 3.0) NExplanation
B. The net force is the sum of all forces acting on the object. To calculate net force, add the corresponding elements of the vectors:
(3.1, 5.4) + (–2.6, 1.9) + (0, –4.3) = (0.50, 3.0)
See Lesson: Nature of Motion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Several participants are enrolled in a study that is evaluating the effectiveness of new drug targeted at slowing the progression of breast cancer. Some participants are asked to take the new drug and monitored over a six-month period. Others are asked to take a placebo. They are also monitored over six months. What is the dependent variable?
- A.
Drug
- B.
Condition
- C.
Placebo
- D.
Time
Correct Answer
B. ConditionExplanation
B. The independent variable is the administered drug because it is being manipulated in the experiment. The condition, following treatment with the drug, is the dependent variable. Condition is a type of response that is dependent on the drug being administered. See Lesson: Designing an Experiment.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A student notices a pattern of stripes on five tigers. Each of the five tigers has the same stripe pattern. Using his inductive reasoning, what does he logically assume based on this information?
- A.
The pattern continues to change over time.
- B.
Natural adaptations cause this pattern to occur.
- C.
Each offspring will have the same stripe pattern.
- D.
Ancestors of the tigers have different stripe patterns.
Correct Answer
C. Each offspring will have the same stripe pattern.Explanation
C. Inductive reasoning involves making specific observations and using them to make broad statements. The student observes that all of the tigers have the same stripe pattern. He can use this observation to make the broad statement that all the tigers’ offspring will have the same stripe pattern. See Lesson: Designing an Experiment.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Zinc-64 is one possible isotope of the element zinc. Which of the atoms described below is a different isotope of zinc?
- A.
34 protons, 34 neutrons, 34 electrons
- B.
34 protons, 30 neutrons, 34 electrons
- C.
30 protons, 36 neutrons, 30 electrons
- D.
64 protons, 34 neutrons, 34 electrons
Correct Answer
C. 30 protons, 36 neutrons, 30 electronsExplanation
C. Zinc-64 contains 30 protons and 34 neutrons. An isotope would contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. See Lesson: Scientific Notation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
An electron has a mass of 9.11 × 10-31 kg. When this value is represented in standard notation, how many zeros are between the decimal point and the nearest non-zero digit?
- A.
29
- B.
30
- C.
31
- D.
32
Correct Answer
B. 30Explanation
B. Because the exponent is negative, the decimal point moves to the left to convert to standard notation. After moving one space, it is on the other side of the 9. It moves 30 more spaces to the left, and the spaces are filled with zeros. See Lesson: Scientific Notation.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How many meters are equivalent to 45.5 kilometers?
- A.
450
- B.
4500
- C.
45500
- D.
455000
Correct Answer
C. 45500Explanation
C. One kilometer is equal to 1,000 meters. This means multiplying 45.5 by 1,000 yields 45,500 meters. Moving the decimal to the right (according to the metric staircase) also gives the value of 45,500 meters. See Lesson: Temperature and the Metric System.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A patient has a fever of 105°C. What is this value in Fahrenheit?
- A.
137
- B.
157
- C.
189
- D.
221
Correct Answer
D. 221Explanation
D. Use the following equation to convert Celsuis to Fahrenheit: F = (9/5)C + 32 Where F = (9/5) × 105°C + 32 = 221. See Lesson: Temperature and the Metric System.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is a characteristic of water?
- A.
Nonpolarity
- B.
Low boiling point
- C.
Organic in nature
- D.
Universal solvency
Correct Answer
D. Universal solvencyExplanation
D. Water is an excellent solvent that has the ability to dissolve many different substances and participate in a wide range of biochemical reactions. See Lesson: An Introduction to Biology.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which process is anabolic?
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Lipid synthesis
- C.
Protein degradation
- D.
Oxidative phosphorylation
Correct Answer
B. Lipid synthesisExplanation
B. Lipid synthesis is anabolic because monomers like fatty acids are used to synthesize lipid molecules. See Lesson: An Introduction to Biology.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What organelle plays a role in assembling subunits for protein synthesis?
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Flagellum
- C.
Lysosome
- D.
Nucleolus
Correct Answer
D. NucleolusExplanation
D. The nucleolus is found in the nucleus and aids in protein synthesis. See Lesson: Cell Structure, Function, and Type.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which organelle is DNA found in?
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Mitochondrion
- D.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
A. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found only in eukaryotic cells. It contains the genetic information for a cell, or DNA. See Lesson: Cell Structure, Function, and Type.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which gives the correct order of cellular respiration?
- A.
Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
- B.
Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Electron Transport Chain
- C.
Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Electron Transport Chain, Citric Acid Cycle
- D.
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Acetyl coA
Correct Answer
A. Glycolysis, Acetyl coA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport ChainExplanation
A. A cell produces energy through metabolism by breaking glucose molecules into pyruvate. This happens via glycolysis. The pyruvate molecule is prepped for the citric acid cycle by being oxidized to acetyl coA. See Lesson: Cellular Reproduction, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the correct order of phases in mitosis?
- A.
Telophase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase
- B.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- C.
Metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
- D.
Anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
Correct Answer
B. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseExplanation
B. After the cell cycle occurs during interphase, the cell begins the M phase, or mitosis. Mitosis starts with prophase and proceeds to metaphase. Once chromosomes separate during anaphase, new daughter cells are formed during telophase. See Lesson: Cellular Reproduction, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A child falls down and punctures his skin. What biological process must occur to repair the damaged skin?
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Cell Respiration
- C.
Gluconeogenesis
- D.
Cell Reproduction
Correct Answer
D. Cell ReproductionExplanation
D. Cell reproduction is the process where cells grow and differentiate to create offspring or new cells. When the skin is damaged, new skin cells are needed which are created through cell reproduction. See Lesson: Cellular Reproduction, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Adenine and guanine belong to a class of organic molecules called _____.
- A.
Enzymes
- B.
Nucleotides
- C.
Purines
- D.
Pyrimidines
Correct Answer
C. PurinesExplanation
C. Adenine and guanine belong to a class of organic molecules called purines, which are large molecules. See Lesson: Genetics and DNA.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the function of a centromere?
- A.
To connect the two chromatids
- B.
To keep the chromosome stable
- C.
To act as a relay point for genetic information
- D.
To transmit genetic codes between other chromosomes
Correct Answer
A. To connect the two chromatidsExplanation
A. The protein disc that connects the two chromatids is the centromere. See Lesson: Genetics and DNA.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In eukaryotes, what does transcription produce?
- A.
MRNA
- B.
Pre-mRNA
- C.
RRNA
- D.
TRNA
Correct Answer
B. Pre-mRNAExplanation
B. In eukaryotes, transcription produces pre-mRNA. See Lesson: Genetics and DNA.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In which state of matter are the intermolecular forces between particles in a substance the strongest?
- A.
Gas
- B.
Liquid
- C.
Plasma
- D.
Solid
Correct Answer
D. SolidExplanation
D. In solids, particles are usually closer together than in other states of matter because of the strong cohesive forces between the particles. See Lesson: States of Matter.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The amount of heat that has been removed from the substance allows the particles to draw closer together, and the material changes from a liquid to a solid. Which of the following is being described?
- A.
Condensation
- B.
Deposition
- C.
Freezing
- D.
Sublimation
Correct Answer
C. FreezingExplanation
C. Freezing is the change of a liquid to a solid. See Lesson: Properties of Matter.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Inside a plant, water has to travel up, against gravity, to reach all the leaves. What property does this illustrate?
- A.
Adhesion
- B.
Bonding
- C.
Cohesion
- D.
Polarity
Correct Answer
C. CohesionExplanation
C. As the water molecules are attracted to each other, which is cohesion, they also adhere to the sides of the xylem vessels, which transport water up to where it is needed in the plant. See Lesson: Properties of Matter.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following elements will form a polar covalent bond with phosphorus?
- A.
Argon
- B.
Calcium
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Silver
Correct Answer
C. OxygenExplanation
C. All covalent bonds, including polar covalent bonds, are formed between two nonmetals or metalloids. Oxygen and argon are both nonmetals, but argon is a noble gas and will not form a bond because of its stability. See Lesson: Chemical Bonds.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following statements is true regarding bond that forms between two oxygen atoms in a molecule of O2?
- A.
The oxygen atoms share electrons equally.
- B.
One oxygen atom pulls harder on shared electrons than the other.
- C.
One atom of oxygen loses two electrons, while the other gains two electrons.
- D.
There is not enough information to describe the bond in a molecule of oxygen
Correct Answer
A. The oxygen atoms share electrons equally.Explanation
A. The bond holds two atoms of the same element together, which means there is no electronegativity difference and electrons are shared equally. The oxygen atoms have the same pull on shared electrons. See Lesson: Chemical Bonds.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the maximum amount of KClO3 that can be dissolved in 50 grams of water at 30°C?
- A.
5 grams
- B.
10 grams
- C.
20 grams
- D.
70 grams
Correct Answer
A. 5 gramsExplanation
A. The graph shows that at 30°C, 10 grams of KClO3 can dissolve in 100 grams of water. Half that amount of water (50 grams) will be able to dissolve half the amount of KClO3 (5 grams). See Lesson: Chemical Solutions.Rate this question:
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- 29.
If sodium sulfide (Na2S) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) react in a double-replacement reaction, what product(s) form?
- A.
Na2SHCl
- B.
NaHCl + S
- C.
NaCl + H2S
- D.
HCl + Na2S
Correct Answer
C. NaCl + H2SExplanation
C. In a double-replacement reaction, two components, one from each reactant, change places. In this case, sodium and hydrogen replace each other. See Lesson: Chemical Solutions.Rate this question:
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- 30.
NaOH is a Lewis base because it
- A.
Creates hydroxide ions in water.
- B.
Donates a lone pair of electrons.
- C.
Accepts hydrogen ions from acids.
- D.
Completely dissociates in solution.
Correct Answer
B. Donates a lone pair of electrons.Explanation
B. Lewis bases donate an electron pair in a reaction. This is the case for NaOH, which donates a lone pair of electrons from its hydroxide ion to other compounds. See Lesson: Acids and Bases. .Rate this question:
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- 31.
- A.
(–12, 6)
- B.
(–12, 18)
- C.
(–1, 6)
- D.
(–1, 9)
Correct Answer
B. (–12, 18) -
- 32.
A car at a certain point on a circular racetrack experiences centripetal acceleration to the west. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration when the car goes halfway around the circle from that point?
- A.
East
- B.
North
- C.
South
- D.
West
Correct Answer
A. EastExplanation
A. Draw a circle and mark the rightmost point as the location of the car. If north is up, then the centripetal acceleration of the car will be west—that is, to the left. Next, mark the leftmost point on the circle: this is the location of the car after it has gone halfway around the circle. Because the centripetal acceleration is always toward the center of circular motion, it will be east—that is, to the right. See Lesson: Friction.Rate this question:
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- 33.
A reporter on the scene of an approaching hurricane notes that a pier has on one of its piles a large vertical ruler marked in feet. She uses it to measure ocean waves as they approach shore, finding that the waves are reaching as high as 12 feet and as low as 3 feet. What is the peak-to-peak amplitude of these waves?
- A.
4.5 feet
- B.
9 feet
- C.
12 feet
- D.
15 feet
Correct Answer
B. 9 feetExplanation
B. The peak-to-peak amplitude is the distance between the crest and the trough. That distance is the difference between the measured heights of the crest and trough on the ruler: 12 feet – 3 feet = 9 feet.
See Lesson: Waves and Sounds.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Successive troughs of a sound wave arrive through a certain liquid every 0.040 seconds. If they are 100 feet apart, how fast are they traveling?
- A.
0.00040 feet per second
- B.
4.0 feet per second
- C.
25 feet per second
- D.
2,500 feet per secon
Correct Answer
D. 2,500 feet per seconExplanation
D. The period is the time between the arrival of successive peaks or troughs of a wave. The frequency is the reciprocal of the period: in this case, 25 Hz. Use the wave-speed formula:
v=λf
v=(25 Hz)×(100 feet)=2,500 feet per second
See Lesson: Waves and Sounds.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What is the height above ground of a 55 g egg that possesses 0.27 J of potential energy?
- A.
0.00050 m
- B.
0.0050 m
- C.
0.050 m
- D.
0.50 m
Correct Answer
D. 0.50 m -
- 36.
What is the momentum of a golf ball with a mass of 45.9 g moving at 81 m/s in ?
- A.
1.4
- B.
2
- C.
3.3
- D.
3.7
Correct Answer
D. 3.7 -
- 37.
A 100-watt light bulb runs off a 120-volt source. If 0.83 amps flow through the bulb, what is its resistance?
- A.
100 ohms
- B.
120 ohms
- C.
140 ohms
- D.
270 ohms
Correct Answer
C. 140 ohmsExplanation
C. Use Ohm’s law:
V=IR
R=V/I=(120 volts)/(0.83 amps)=140 ohms
See Lesson: Electricity and Magnetism.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What are giant stars?
- A.
Stars that are very small and dim
- B.
Stars that are in their longest stage of life
- C.
Stars that are very large and brighter than the sun
- D.
Groups of stars and star systems that are bound together by gravity
Correct Answer
C. Stars that are very large and brighter than the sunExplanation
C. Stars that have very large radii and are brighter than the sun are called giant stars. See Lesson: Astronomy.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is the name for Earth's outermost layer?
- A.
Core
- B.
Crust
- C.
Center
- D.
Mantle
Correct Answer
B. CrustExplanation
B. The crust is the outermost layer of Earth. See Lesson: Geology.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following are the three main phases of the water cycle on Earth?
- A.
Evaporation, condensation, glaciation
- B.
Evaporation, absorption, precipitation
- C.
Evaporation, condensation, precipitation
- D.
Assimilation, condensation, precipitation
Correct Answer
C. Evaporation, condensation, precipitationExplanation
C. The three main phases of the water cycle on Earth are evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. See Lesson: Meteorology.Rate this question:
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