In the centered polygonal numbers, the sequence follows a pattern; which is the pattern?

Multiple of the tetragonal number plus 1

Multiple of the triangular number plus 3

Multiple of the triangular number plus 4

Multiple of the triangular number plus 1

How are the polygons in the centered polygon numbers are usually drawn?

Centered about a point within the polygon

What Do You Know About The Centered Polygonal Numbers?

1.

Where did arranging numbers into regular shapes like squares originate from?
- A.
  
  Ancient Rome
- B.
  
  Italy
- C.
  
  Greece
- D.
  
  Egypt
Correct Answer
C. Greece

Explanation
Arranging numbers into regular shapes like squares originated from Greece. The ancient Greeks were known for their fascination with geometry and mathematics, and they made significant contributions to the field. One of their famous mathematicians, Pythagoras, developed the Pythagorean theorem, which is fundamental to understanding the relationships between the sides of a square. The Greeks also developed the concept of perfect numbers, which are numbers that can be represented as the sum of their divisors, further showcasing their interest in numerical patterns and shapes. Therefore, it is believed that the practice of arranging numbers into regular shapes like squares originated in Greece.

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2.

What is the dimension of the centered polygonal numbers?
- A.
  
  Two dimensions
- B.
  
  Three dimensions
- C.
  
  Four dimensions
- D.
  
  Five dimensions
Correct Answer
A. Two dimensions

Explanation
Centered polygonal numbers are a type of figurate numbers that can be represented geometrically as dots arranged in the shape of a polygon. The term "centered" refers to the fact that each dot is surrounded by a layer of dots forming a concentric polygon. Since these numbers can be represented in a two-dimensional space, the dimension of the centered polygonal numbers is two.

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3.

In the centered polygonal numbers, the sequence follows a pattern; which is the pattern?
- A.
  
  Multiple of the triangular number plus 3
- B.
  
  Multiple of the triangular number plus 4
- C.
  
  Multiple of the triangular number plus 1
- D.
  
  Multiple of the tetragonal number plus 1
Correct Answer
D. Multiple of the tetragonal number plus 1

Explanation
The centered polygonal numbers follow a pattern where each number is a multiple of the tetragonal number plus 1. This means that the correct answer is "Multiple of the tetragonal number plus 1."

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4.

In triangular numbers, which of these sequences is correct?
- A.
  
  1, 4, 10, 19...
- B.
  
  3, 6, 9, 12...
- C.
  
  1, 3, 6, 12...
- D.
  
  1, 3, 6, 10...
Correct Answer
A. 1, 4, 10, 19...

Explanation
The given sequence 1, 4, 10, 19... is the correct sequence for triangular numbers. Triangular numbers are formed by adding consecutive positive integers. The nth triangular number is equal to the sum of the first n positive integers. In this sequence, the first triangular number is 1, the second is 1+2=3, the third is 1+2+3=6, and the fourth is 1+2+3+4=10. Each subsequent number is obtained by adding the next positive integer. Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 4, 10, 19...

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5.

How are the polygons in the centered polygon numbers are usually drawn?
- A.
  
  Centered about a point within the polygon
- B.
  
  At the polygon vertex
- C.
  
  Outside the polygon
- D.
  
  Anywhere inside the polygon
Correct Answer
A. Centered about a point within the polygon

Explanation
The polygons in the centered polygon numbers are usually drawn centered about a point within the polygon. This means that the point of reference for drawing the polygon is located inside the polygon itself. This ensures that the polygon is symmetrical and balanced, with equal distances from the center point to each of its vertices. Drawing the polygons in this way creates a visually pleasing and consistent representation of the centered polygon numbers.

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6.

How do we write the formula for representing the centered K-gonal number?
- A.
  
  C_(k,n=kn/2(n-1)+1)
- B.
  
  C_(k,n=kn/2(n+1)+1)
- C.
  
  C_(k,n=kn/2(n-1)+1k)
- D.
  
  C_(k,n=kn/2 (n-1)-1)
Correct Answer
A. C_(k,n=kn/2(n-1)+1)

Explanation
The formula for representing the centered K-gonal number is c_(k,n=kn/2(n-1)+1). This formula is derived by taking the number of sides of the K-gon (k), multiplying it by the number of the term (n), and then dividing by 2 times the number of terms minus 1, and finally adding 1. This formula gives the correct representation for the centered K-gonal number.

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7.

A particular category of numbers is predominant in the centered polygonal numbers. Which of the following is this category?
- A.
  
  Odd numbers
- B.
  
  Prime numbers
- C.
  
  Even numbers
- D.
  
  Whole numbers
Correct Answer
B. Prime numbers

Explanation
The centered polygonal numbers are formed by arranging dots in the shape of a polygon and then adding dots in the center of each side. These numbers can be represented by the formula n^2 + (n-1)^2, where n is the number of sides of the polygon. Prime numbers are a category of numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves. In the case of centered polygonal numbers, it has been observed that many of them are prime numbers. Therefore, prime numbers are the predominant category in centered polygonal numbers.

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8.

In square numbers, what is the sequence?
- A.
  
  4, 8, 16, 32...
- B.
  
  4, 16, 64, 256...
- C.
  
  1, 5, 13, 25...
- D.
  
  1, 5, 9, 13...
Correct Answer
C. 1, 5, 13, 25...

Explanation
The correct answer is 1, 5, 13, 25... This is the sequence of square numbers where each number is obtained by multiplying a number by itself. The first number, 1, is the square of 1. The second number, 5, is the square of 2 plus 1. The third number, 13, is the square of 3 plus 4. The fourth number, 25, is the square of 4 plus 9. This pattern continues where each number is obtained by squaring the next consecutive number and adding the square of the previous consecutive number.

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9.

What is the formula to calculate a centered decagonal?
- A.
  
  3n (n+1) - 4
- B.
  
  5n (n+1) - 1
- C.
  
  5n (n+1) + 1
- D.
  
  10n (n-1) + 1
Correct Answer
C. 5n (n+1) + 1

Explanation
The formula to calculate a centered decagonal is 5n (n+1) + 1. This formula is derived from the pattern of centered decagon numbers, which can be represented by the formula 5n^2 + 5n + 1. By simplifying this formula, we get 5n (n+1) + 1, which gives us the correct formula to calculate a centered decagonal number.

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10.

Who proved the polynomial number theorem?
- A.
  
  Joseph LaGrange
- B.
  
  Fermat
- C.
  
  Bermoulli
- D.
  
  Berno Cauchy
Correct Answer
A. Joseph LaGrange

Explanation
Joseph-Louis Lagrange, also known as Joseph LaGrange, proved the polynomial number theorem. He was an Italian mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics, including number theory and calculus. Lagrange's work on the polynomial number theorem provided a fundamental understanding of polynomials and their properties, which has been widely used in mathematics and other related disciplines.

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