CCRN Pediatric Critical Exam Quiz!

Explanation
Anemia infection is a symptom of leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It leads to the production of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy cells and impair their function. Anemia, a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, is a common complication of leukemia. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Infections are also more common in individuals with leukemia due to the compromised immune system. Therefore, anemia infection is a symptom that can be associated with leukemia.

Explanation
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the abnormal production of white blood cells. While leukemia can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes and liver, the kidney is not typically affected by this disease. Therefore, the correct answer is Kidney.

Explanation
Dexorubicin is the correct answer because it is a type of chemotherapy commonly used to treat Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL). It is an anthracycline antibiotic that works by interfering with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Dexorubicin is administered intravenously and is known to be effective in treating ANLL by killing cancer cells and preventing their further growth.

Explanation
The correct answer is A and B because there are two main types of shock: compensated and uncompensated. Compensated shock occurs when the body is able to maintain adequate blood pressure and organ perfusion by activating compensatory mechanisms. Uncompensated shock, on the other hand, happens when the body is unable to maintain blood pressure and organ perfusion despite compensatory efforts. Therefore, both types of shock are valid options.

Explanation
Stridor refers to a sharp, pitchy sound that occurs during breathing. It is typically caused by a blockage or narrowing of the airway, resulting in turbulent airflow. This can be due to various reasons such as an obstruction in the throat or vocal cords, inflammation, or an underlying medical condition. Stridor is often associated with respiratory distress and requires medical attention to identify and address the underlying cause.

Explanation
Respiratory distress refers to an act that prevents needed gas exchange. This means that there is a disruption in the process of oxygen being taken in and carbon dioxide being expelled, leading to difficulty in breathing. It can be caused by various factors such as lung diseases, heart conditions, or trauma. The other options, difficulty in breathing and abnormalities of breathing heavily, are related to respiratory distress but do not fully capture the concept of an act that hinders gas exchange.

Explanation
Respiratory arrest refers to the absence of breathing in the air. It is a condition where there is a complete cessation of respiratory function, resulting in the inability to inhale and exhale. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, drug overdose, or medical conditions like pneumonia or asthma. Nasal arrest specifically refers to the blockage or obstruction of the nasal passages, whereas cardiac arrest refers to the sudden cessation of the heart's pumping function. Therefore, the correct answer is respiratory arrest as it encompasses both nasal and cardiac arrest.

Explanation
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the correct answer. SIDS is a term used to describe the sudden, unexplained death of an infant under one year of age. It is the leading cause of death in infants between one month and one year old. The exact cause of SIDS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the baby's brain that control breathing and arousal from sleep.

Explanation
Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea (windpipe) to provide an alternative airway for breathing. This procedure is typically performed when there is a blockage or obstruction in the upper airway, such as in cases of severe throat or neck injuries, or to assist with long-term ventilation. By creating a direct access to the trachea, tracheotomy allows air to bypass any obstructions and reach the lungs, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Therefore, tracheotomy is the correct answer as it accurately describes the surgical purpose of creating an opening in the airway.

Explanation
The age range known as toddlers is 0-2 years old. This is because during this stage of development, children are typically learning to walk, talk, and explore their surroundings. They are also beginning to develop their independence and are transitioning from infancy to early childhood.