Тест на определение уровня компетенций в сфере проектного управления

The project manager should analyze project risks throughout the entire project lifecycle. This is because risks can arise at any stage of the project and it is important to regularly assess and manage them to ensure the project's success. By continuously analyzing risks, the project manager can identify potential issues and take proactive measures to mitigate them, minimizing the negative impact on the project. This ongoing risk analysis helps to ensure that the project stays on track and achieves its objectives.

The correct answer is the set of logically interconnected project activities, the completion of which leads to the achievement of one of the main project results. This explanation correctly describes the concept of project phase as a set of interconnected tasks that are necessary to achieve a specific goal or result in a project.

The correct answer is "физические лица и организации, которые непосредственно вовлечены в проект или чьи интересы могут быть затронуты при осуществлении проекта". This answer accurately describes the participants of the project as individuals and organizations who are directly involved in the project or whose interests may be affected by the project's implementation.

The correct answer is "a key event of the project, used to control its implementation progress." This means that a "веха" is a significant event or milestone in a project that is used to monitor and control the progress of its implementation. It serves as a checkpoint to ensure that the project is on track and meeting its objectives.

The correct answer is the definition of organizational structure, which refers to the combination of elements within an organization such as positions and structural units, as well as the relationships between them. This definition highlights the key components of an organizational structure and emphasizes the importance of understanding how different roles and departments are interconnected within an organization.

A project is a unique endeavor with a defined start and end date, while processes in an organization are cyclical and repetitive. Projects are temporary and have specific objectives, whereas processes are ongoing and contribute to the overall functioning of the organization. Projects require planning, execution, and closure, while processes are documented and standardized. Therefore, the difference between a project and process lies in their nature, duration, and purpose.

A project is a temporary endeavor (event) aimed at creating a unique product, service, or result.

The completion of a project includes the processes of putting the project into operation and having it accepted by the customer, as well as documenting and analyzing the experience gained from implementing the project. This stage involves ensuring that the project is functioning as intended and meeting the requirements of the customer. It also involves evaluating the project's performance and identifying any lessons learned that can be applied to future projects.

The correct answer is "санкционирование начала проекта" which translates to "sanctioning the start of the project". This stage of the project management process involves obtaining the necessary approvals and authorizations to begin the project. It signifies the formal approval and support from key stakeholders or decision-makers to initiate the project.

The project manager made the correct decision because without understanding the resource requirements, it is not possible to determine the project budget. By formulating a list of required resources, including human resources, equipment, and materials, the project manager is able to assess the needs of the project and allocate the necessary funds accordingly. This step is crucial in ensuring that the project has the necessary resources to be completed successfully.

The activities of launching a new business direction and reconstructing the IT infrastructure of an organization are likely to be related to project activities. These activities involve planning, organizing, and implementing specific tasks within a defined timeframe and budget to achieve a specific goal. The other activities mentioned, such as replacing a vacancy for an administrator and updating the news feed on the organization's website, may not necessarily involve the same level of project management and may be considered routine operational tasks.

The correct answer is "Иерархическая структура продукта проекта" (Hierarchical structure of the project product). This is a tool used to determine the content of a project. It helps to break down the project into smaller, manageable components and provides a visual representation of the project's deliverables and their hierarchical relationships. It helps in organizing and understanding the scope of the project, identifying the necessary resources, and defining the work packages and activities required to complete the project successfully.

The correct answer is the reduction of one or more actions (operations) on the critical path. This means that by identifying and eliminating or optimizing the actions that are on the critical path, the overall project duration can be shortened. The critical path is the sequence of activities that determines the shortest possible duration for the project. By focusing on reducing the duration of these critical activities, the project can be completed more quickly.

The given activity involves multiple projects aimed at improving the economic attractiveness of the city, including the reconstruction of a sea port, the creation of an environmentally friendly nature reserve in the city's water area, and the development of surrounding port areas. This indicates that it is a program, which is a collection of related projects managed in a coordinated way to achieve specific objectives.

The project manager did not make the correct decision because before assigning roles in the project, it is necessary to analyze personal and professional competencies. This means that the project manager should have assessed the skills, abilities, and qualifications of the individuals being considered for each role in order to ensure that they are the most suitable candidates for the job. By not conducting this analysis, the project manager may end up with team members who are not properly qualified or capable of fulfilling their assigned roles effectively.

The correct answer is "сводный план проекта" (project summary plan). During the planning stage of a project, the project team develops a comprehensive plan that outlines the objectives, scope, deliverables, timelines, and resources required for successful project execution. This summary plan provides an overview of the project and serves as a guide for all project activities. It helps stakeholders understand the project's goals and how they will be achieved, and it provides a basis for monitoring and controlling the project's progress.

The correct answer is "No, because before making changes to the project, it is necessary to identify the causes of the problem and develop and implement measures to eliminate it." The project manager should first analyze the cause of the risk and try to find solutions to mitigate or eliminate it before considering any changes to the project timeline. Making changes without addressing the root cause may not effectively solve the problem and could lead to further complications.

The tasks on the critical path are the ones that have zero slack time. Slack time is the amount of time that a task can be delayed without delaying the entire project. If a task has zero slack time, it means that any delay in that task will directly impact the project's timeline. Therefore, tasks with zero slack time are considered critical and are part of the critical path.

The correct answer is "План управления проектом" because this document outlines how the project will be managed, including the procedures for controlling and making decisions about identified risks. It provides a detailed plan for project execution, monitoring, and control, which includes risk management strategies and actions. The project management plan serves as a roadmap for project stakeholders to understand how risks will be addressed and mitigated throughout the project lifecycle. The other options listed, such as "Устав проекта" (Project Charter), "План проекта" (Project Plan), and "Реестр рисков" (Risk Register), may contain information about risks but do not specifically focus on the procedures for risk control and decision-making.

The three options "Проект маркетинговой кампании нового продукта", "Проект по разработке нового продукта", and "Деятельность по выпуску и продаже нового продукта в первый год после выхода на рынок" all relate to different stages or aspects of the development and launch of a new product. These components are all part of a comprehensive program aimed at bringing a new product to market successfully. The option "Портфель проектов создания новых продуктов" refers to a portfolio of projects related to creating new products, but it does not specifically address the different stages or aspects of a single program.

The correct answer is a combination of three conditions that indicate when the process of structural decomposition of work is complete. These conditions are: the ability to determine the time characteristics and responsibility for each task, clarity in understanding the final result and methods of achieving it, and the establishment of a clear sequence of tasks. These conditions ensure that the project manager has sufficiently planned and organized the project tasks, allowing for effective execution and completion of the project.

The success of a project depends on reaching agreement and a common understanding of the constraints by the key stakeholders. Constraints and requirements are interconnected, meaning that when project timelines are shortened, it is necessary to either increase costs, reduce the required results, or do both. Constraints have an impact on the management decisions made for the project.

The correct answer is "Планирование «сверху-вниз» и «снизу-вверх»". This answer suggests that project planning can be done using both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down planning involves starting with the overall project objectives and then breaking them down into smaller tasks and activities. Bottom-up planning, on the other hand, involves starting with the individual tasks and activities and then aggregating them to form the overall project plan. By combining both approaches, a comprehensive and effective project plan can be developed.

The given answer is correct because it includes the criteria that a SMART goal should meet. A SMART goal should be measurable, meaning that specific indicators and their values should be specified to determine the degree of goal achievement. The goal should also be formulated clearly and unambiguously. Additionally, a deadline for goal achievement should be defined.

The project manager should determine the information needs of stakeholders in order to effectively communicate with them and meet their expectations. They should also identify the most suitable tools and methods for distributing information in the project, taking into account the project's requirements and constraints. Additionally, analyzing the cultural characteristics of project participants is important to ensure effective communication and collaboration within the project team.

The correct answer is "планов работ" and "системы отчетности". The system of control will be effective when there is mandatory availability of both work plans and reporting systems. Work plans help to outline the tasks and objectives, ensuring that they are being followed and completed. The reporting system allows for the tracking and documentation of progress and results. Together, these two components provide a comprehensive framework for monitoring and controlling the execution of work.

The factors that characterize project risks and form the basis for risk management plan are the probability of the risk event occurring and the magnitude of the losses resulting from the risk event. These factors determine the level of risk associated with the project and help in developing strategies to mitigate and manage those risks. Other factors mentioned in the options, such as the degree of aggressiveness in the external environment, level of inflation, competitive environment, and regional legislation, may also have an impact on project risks, but they are not directly mentioned as factors in the given question.

The correct answer is the first two options: "Организация и контроль выполнения проекта" (Organization and control of project execution) and "Анализ и регулирование выполнения проекта" (Analysis and adjustment of project execution). These two stages are essential in the implementation of a project as they involve the planning, coordination, and monitoring of project activities to ensure that they are being executed according to the project plan and objectives. The analysis and adjustment stage further involves evaluating the progress of the project and making necessary adjustments or changes to ensure its successful completion.

The correct answer includes three options: "Снижение или сохранение риска" (reducing or preserving the risk), "Переадресация риска" (risk transfer), and "Участие в рисках" (risk participation). These options all represent different ways of responding to risk. "Дополнительное разбиение работ внутри рисковых этапов" (additional division of work within risk stages) is not mentioned in the correct answer and is therefore not a valid option for a risk response.

The tools that a project manager can use for effective team management and development include:
- Creating reports on project execution to track progress and identify areas for improvement.
- Regulating payment, benefits, and incentives to motivate and reward team members.
- Providing training to enhance the skills and knowledge of the team.
- Conducting assessments or certifications to evaluate the performance and capabilities of the team members.