Тест по Международным Отношениям

The correct answer is a broad definition of international relations as a type of social relations that involve interactions and connections between nations, states, and the international system. It emphasizes the importance of relationships and interconnections between different countries and the role of states in international affairs. This definition also highlights the significance of international relations in addressing common foreign policy issues.

The correct answer is "государства, коалиции государств, межправительственные организации". These entities are considered subjects of international politics because they have the authority and power to engage in diplomatic relations, negotiate treaties, and participate in international organizations. Banks and businesses, as well as media and transportation corporations, may have some influence on international relations, but they are not considered primary subjects of international politics.

Версальско-Вашингтонская система была создана после Первой мировой войны для регулирования международных отношений и экономики. Великобритания, Франция и США получили наибольшую выгоду от этой системы, так как они были главными победителями войны и имели наибольшее влияние на международную политику и экономику. Эти страны смогли диктовать условия мира и получить значительные территориальные, экономические и политические преимущества.

After World War II, the "big three" leaders in international relations were the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain. These three countries emerged as the most powerful nations in the world and played a significant role in shaping the post-war global order. The Soviet Union and the United States, in particular, became superpowers and engaged in a Cold War rivalry that defined much of the international relations during that period. Great Britain, although not as powerful as the other two, still held significant influence and played a key role in shaping global events.

The correct answer is "проблему войны и мира" (the problem of war and peace). This answer is supported by the fact that war and peace are fundamental issues in international relations. Conflicts and wars between nations have been a major concern throughout history, and achieving peace and preventing wars is a central goal of international diplomacy and cooperation. This problem affects the stability, security, and well-being of nations and their populations, making it a crucial issue in international relations.

The correct answer is "после Второй Мировой Войны" (after the Second World War). The Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations was established after the Second World War, as these two conferences played a significant role in shaping the post-war world order. The Yalta Conference took place in February 1945, where the leaders of the Allied powers (United States, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom) discussed the division of Germany and the post-war settlement. The Potsdam Conference followed in July-August 1945, where the leaders further discussed the occupation and administration of Germany and the post-war order in Europe.

According to the theory of realism, the main participants in international relations are states. Realism emphasizes the importance of states as the primary actors in the international system, focusing on their power, security, and self-interest. States are seen as rational actors pursuing their own national interests and engaging in competition and conflict with other states. This perspective suggests that states are the key players in shaping international politics and determining the outcomes of interactions between nations.

The correct answer is Г.Моргентау. Ганс Моргентау был американским политологом и экспертом в области международных отношений. Он сформулировал тезис о том, что цели внешней политики должны определяться национальным интересом и поддерживаться соответствующей силой. Этот тезис является широко известным и оказал значительное влияние на развитие международных отношений.

The statement is correct because "мировая политика" translates to "world politics" and "международная политика глобального масштаба" translates to "international politics on a global scale." Both phrases refer to the same concept of politics that encompasses multiple countries and has a global impact. Therefore, the statement is true.

The correct answer is "Венским конгрессом (1814-1815гг.)". The Vienna Congress, held from 1814 to 1815, established the Vienna System of international relations. This system was a set of norms and principles that aimed to maintain stability and balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The Congress resulted in the signing of various treaties and agreements, which defined the new boundaries and political order of Europe. These agreements, known as the Vienna settlement, played a crucial role in shaping the international relations of the time and had a lasting impact on European diplomacy.

Грузия вышла из СНГ в 2008 году. This statement directly states that Georgia left the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 2008.

The correct answer is "силовые принципы" (power principles). This is because in the 1930s, political realism emphasized the use of power and force as the primary means of achieving political goals. Moral and legal principles were often seen as secondary or ineffective in the pursuit of national interests.

The correct answer is "различные типы политических и иных союзов и группировок" which translates to "different types of political and other alliances and groupings." This answer accurately defines the concept of "structure of the international system" as referring to the various types of political and other alliances and groupings that exist within the international system.

The correct answer is "Хантингтон" because he is the author who proposed the idea of the clash of civilizations. Huntington argued that in the post-Cold War world, conflicts would primarily occur between different civilizations and their respective cultural identities, rather than between nation-states or ideologies. His book "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" became influential in shaping discussions about international relations and cultural conflicts.

The correct answer is "России, Австрии, Пруссии, Франции, Великобритании". The European Concert was based on the common agreement of these major states, including Russia, Austria, Prussia, France, and Great Britain. These countries played a significant role in maintaining peace and stability in Europe during the 19th century. They cooperated and communicated with each other to resolve conflicts and maintain a balance of power among European nations.

The correct answer is "Сан-Франциско 26 июня 1945 г." because the UN Charter was indeed adopted at the United Nations Conference on International Organization held in San Francisco from April 25 to June 26, 1945. This conference brought together representatives from 50 countries to establish the United Nations as an international organization.

Украина не ратифицировала Устав СНГ.

The correct answer is "понятие интереса, выраженного в терминах власти". This answer aligns with the main indicator of political realism, which is the concept of interest expressed in terms of power. Political realists believe that states are driven by their own self-interest and seek to maximize their power and influence in international relations. Therefore, understanding and analyzing interests through the lens of power is a key aspect of political realism.

The statement is correct. The leading powers from the time of the Vienna Congress until the start of World War I remained unchanged. This means that the major European powers such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia maintained their positions as the dominant states during this period.

The term "International relations" emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries. This period marked a significant shift in global politics and diplomacy, as nations began to interact and form relationships on a more international scale. The concept of international relations became crucial during this time as countries started to recognize the importance of diplomacy, negotiation, and cooperation in maintaining peace and resolving conflicts between nations.

The correct answer is "ивент - анализ" because it refers to a method of studying international relations based on the dynamics of events on the international stage. This method involves analyzing and understanding the impact of specific events and their consequences on international relations. It focuses on the cause and effect relationship between events and their influence on the global political landscape.

The correct answer is "различные типы политических и иных союзов и группировок". This answer accurately describes the structure of the international system as consisting of various types of political and other alliances and groupings. These alliances and groupings play a significant role in shaping the dynamics of international relations and influencing decision-making processes on foreign policy issues.

Венесуэла является крупным экспортером нефти в Южной и Центральной Америке.

The cognitive mapping method emerged based on psychology. This method involves the creation of mental maps or representations of knowledge, concepts, and relationships in the mind. It is rooted in the understanding of how individuals perceive, process, and organize information. Psychology provides the theoretical foundation and insights into cognitive processes that are essential for the development and application of cognitive mapping techniques.

The statement is incorrect. The main goal of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences was not to create a multipolar structure of the United Nations. Rather, the conferences aimed to discuss the post-World War II reorganization of Europe and the establishment of peace and stability in the aftermath of the war. The conferences addressed issues such as the division of Germany and the establishment of the United Nations, but their primary focus was not on creating a multipolar structure.

The statement is correct. From the Vienna Congress in 1815 until the start of World War I in 1914, the list of leading powers did not change significantly. The major powers during this period, known as the Great Powers, included countries such as Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia. These powers maintained their dominance and influence in international affairs, shaping the political landscape of Europe and the world.

The correct answer is "инструментальное, включенное, аналитическое". This is because when studying international relations, researchers often use instrumental methods, which involve using tools and techniques to collect data and analyze it. Additionally, the study of international relations requires an inclusive approach, considering various factors and perspectives. Finally, an analytical approach is necessary to examine and interpret the collected data in order to draw meaningful conclusions about international relations.

The main problem with the method of studying documents is the unavailability of information due to long periods of secrecy.

The correct answer is "индивид, государство, международная система". This answer suggests that the followers of neorealism identify three levels of analysis in international relations: the individual level, the state level, and the international system level. These levels represent different units of analysis that can be used to understand and explain the behavior of actors in the international arena. By considering the actions and motivations of individuals, states, and the international system as a whole, neorealists aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of international relations.

The correct answer is 1992 because that is the year the European Union was created. The European Union is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Maastricht Treaty, which was signed on November 7, 1991, and entered into force on November 1, 1993. The creation of the European Union aimed to promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity among its member states through closer cooperation and integration.

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The given answer, "критерий сохранения мирового единства" (criterion of preserving global unity), is not included among the 6 criteria mentioned by the forward. The forward specifically mentions the criteria of preserving national unity and national role, but does not mention anything about preserving global unity. Therefore, the correct answer is the one that is not mentioned in the list of criteria provided.

The belief in the possibility of creating a new world order based on a universal intergovernmental organization is referred to as "утопизм" in Russian, which translates to "utopianism" in English. Utopianism is the idea or belief in the possibility of creating an ideal society or world, often disregarding practicality or feasibility. In this context, the belief in a universal intergovernmental organization as the basis for a new world order can be seen as an idealistic and impractical notion.

The correct answer is "в середине 1950-х". This is because modernism emerged in the mid-1950s. This artistic and cultural movement was a response to the aftermath of World War II and sought to break away from traditional forms and embrace innovation and experimentation in various fields such as art, literature, architecture, and music. The mid-1950s marked a significant shift in the cultural landscape, with artists and thinkers pushing boundaries and challenging established norms.

The correct answer is "национального государства" (national state). The explanation is that the basis of the Westphalian system was the idea of a nation-state, where the nation and the state are closely aligned. This concept emerged after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which marked the end of the Thirty Years' War in Europe. The Westphalian system established the principle of state sovereignty and the idea that each state has the right to govern its own territory without interference from external powers. This system played a significant role in shaping the modern international system.

The question asks for the countries that are not permanent members of the UN Security Council. The correct answer lists Japan, Germany, Italy, India, and Brazil, which are indeed not permanent members of the Security Council.

The correct answer is "борьба за власть" (struggle for power). This is because the question is asking about what is at the center of international politics, and the struggle for power is a key aspect of international relations. Countries and leaders often compete for power and influence on the global stage, which shapes the dynamics and outcomes of international politics.

The correct answer is "неомарксизм" (neomarxism). Neomarxism is a subcategory of the theory of international relations known as world-system theory. This theory focuses on the global capitalist system and the unequal power relations between core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral countries. Neomarxists argue that the capitalist system perpetuates economic exploitation and inequality on a global scale, and that social change and revolution are necessary to achieve a more equitable world order.

The emergence of global level international politics is associated with the formation of a unified global economy. This means that as the world becomes more interconnected economically, it necessitates the development of a global political framework to regulate and govern these economic interactions. The formation of a unified global economy leads to the need for global governance and decision-making processes, which in turn gives rise to global level international politics. The other options, such as the end of the era of great geographical discoveries and the increase in integration groups in the world, do not directly explain the emergence of global level international politics.

Samuel Huntington is the correct answer because he is not related to the emergence of the modernist stage in international relations. Morton Kaplan and Karl Deutsch are both well-known scholars who made significant contributions to the study of international relations and the development of modernist theories. However, Samuel Huntington is known for his work on the "clash of civilizations" theory, which is not directly related to the emergence of modernism in international relations.

The correct answer is "управление силой (применение силы против другого государства)". This is because the other two options, "структура международной системы" (structure of the international system) and "формы и виды взаимодействия основных элементов системы" (forms and types of interaction between the main elements of the system), are considered independent variables that contribute to the overall state of the international system. However, the use of force against another state is not considered an independent variable in this context.

In Richard Snyder's concept, a significant emphasis is placed on motivation. This suggests that motivation plays a crucial role in his theory and is given great importance. The concept likely explores how motivation drives behavior, influences decision-making, and impacts individuals' actions and goals. It may also explore different types of motivation and their effects on individuals and their relationships.

The correct answer is 50 because the question asks for the number of countries that initially became founding members of the UN Charter. Since the question specifically asks for the quantity, the answer is simply the number provided, which is 50.

The criterion for the development of an international standard according to N. Forward implies adherence to moral norms and international law. This means that when developing a standard, it is important to consider not only legal requirements but also ethical principles. By following moral norms and international law, the standard can ensure that it promotes fairness, justice, and respect for human rights in international relations. This criterion emphasizes the importance of aligning standards with universally accepted principles and values.

The concept of coupling refers to the roles of individuals that arise from their official positions. In other words, it refers to the responsibilities and obligations that individuals have based on their official roles or positions. These roles can influence the dynamics and interactions within a system or organization.

Р. Розенкранц является автором концепции "сцепления" в теории международных отношений.

The statement is incorrect. The change in world politics in the late 1950s during the height of the Cold War did not directly influence the emergence of modernism. Modernism is an artistic and cultural movement that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a break from traditional forms and a focus on experimentation and innovation. While political events can certainly have an impact on art and culture, the development of modernism was influenced by a variety of factors, including technological advancements, social changes, and intellectual movements, rather than specific political events during the Cold War.

Charles McClelland made the first attempt to study the modernist character in 1955.

The main difficulty of the system modeling method is the requirement for good practical skills in calculations in order to use the method successfully.