Medical Aspects Test 1

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| By Thames

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1. Compare/contrast MRI and CT scans.

CT- highly focused x-ray beam, absorbed by various tissues in the body. Beam is rotated in several steps to get different tissues absorbed differently. Bony tissue better detected. Contrast agents utilized: iodine, barium, barium sulfate, gastrogafinMRI- generated using magnetic fields, image depends on density of hydrogen nuclei. Differential magnetic fields are used. All tissues react differently to the magnetic field. Used for soft tissues,. Contrast commonly used: gadolinium (through the GI tract, IV, tumor-specific). MRI requires more time and pt cooperation- pt's who are claustrophobic might have more problems. The CT gives better detail of bony tissues, costs less $, less imagine time.

MRI- involves injecting a radioactive dye into the bloodstream to enhance image quality, mainly used for visualizing blood vessels and blood flow.

MRI- uses sound waves to create detailed images inside the body, primarily used for screening bone fractures and abnormalities.

CT- utilizes radio waves and a magnetic field to generate images of internal organs and structures in the body, commonly used for brain imaging.

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About This Quiz

Explore the complexities of outer and middle ear disorders through focused assessment. This educational tool helps enhance diagnostic skills, offering insights into symptoms, treatments, and case management related... see moreto otolaryngology. Ideal for medical students and professionals seeking to deepen their understanding in a specialized field. see less

2. Why might a child with a sensorineural hearing loss be referred for imaging?

To assess hearing ability.

To diagnose infections in the ear.

To monitor response to hearing aids or cochlear implants.

Used to detect structural abnormalities.

Imaging is commonly used to detect any structural issues that may be causing the hearing loss, rather than for assessing hearing ability or diagnosing infections.

Explanation

Imaging is commonly used to detect any structural issues that may be causing the hearing loss, rather than for assessing hearing ability or diagnosing infections.

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3. What are some bony abnormalities relating to the auditory system?

1) Michel deformity2) cochlear aplasia3) cochlear hyoplasia (under formed)4) Mondini malformation

Kabuki Syndrome

Osler Weber Rendu Syndrome

Treacher Collins Syndrome

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4. What are some membraneous deformities relating to the auditory system?

5) Walker's Deformity

3) Arnold's Deformity

4) Thompson's Deformity

1) Bing-Siebenmann deformity2) Scheibe Deformity

The correct membraneous deformities relating to the auditory system are Bing-Siebenmann deformity and Scheibe Deformity. Arnold's Deformity, Thompson's Deformity, and Walker's Deformity are not associated with the auditory system.

Explanation

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5. Why is imaging used during an evaluation for CI candidacy?

To determine the patient's blood type for compatibility with the device.

To assess the patient's lung capacity prior to the procedure.

To check for dental issues that may affect the surgery.

Ensures that the cochlea has enough turns to take the electrodes- not ossified- as will happen w/ meningitis.

Imaging is specifically used to examine the cochlea for factors that may impact the success of cochlear implant surgery, such as the number of cochlear turns and the presence of ossification. Other body parts or factors unrelated to the cochlea are not typically assessed during this imaging process.

Explanation

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6. What kind of imaging might be recommended for a pt with pulsatile tinnitus?

Ultrasound of the neck to evaluate blood flow in the carotid arteries.

MRA- magnetic resonance angiography- to rule out a vascular tumor of the temporal bone (glomus tumor)

CT scan of the abdomen to assess for potential causes of tinnitus.

X-ray of the inner ear to look for abnormalities.

Pulsatile tinnitus is often associated with vascular issues, so imaging studies like MRA are crucial to visualize blood flow and identify any vascular tumors. X-ray and CT scans are not typically used for assessing pulsatile tinnitus, and ultrasound is usually not the preferred imaging modality for evaluating vascular abnormalities in the temporal region.

Explanation

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7. What are three additional uses of imaging for auditory disorders?

2) Monitoring cardiovascular health

1) Assessment of visual impairments

3) Diagnosis of skin conditions

1) pediatric conductive HL2) Evaluation of chronic disease3) Temporal bone trauma (fractures)

Imaging for auditory disorders focuses on specific aspects related to hearing health and conditions affecting the ear. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not related to auditory disorders and do not fall within the scope of imaging for such conditions.

Explanation

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8. What is a functional MRI (fMRI)?

Used in studies of brain function. Stimulated w/ sound, used to study the function of the brain for research. Used it pts with epilepsy, tumors, etc.

A method to measure physical fitness levels in individuals.

A type of X-ray imaging used to scan bones in the body.

A technique to analyze blood samples for infections.

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9. What is magnetoencephalography (MEG)?

A method of measuring the Earth's magnetic field.

When a cap of electrodes is utilized to map cortical function- brain function is detectable.

A type of underwater exploration involving magnetic fields.

A technique for creating images of the brain using sound waves.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a neuroimaging technique that measures the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain. By using a cap of electrodes, cortical brain function can be mapped, allowing detection of brain function.

Explanation

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10. What is positron emission tomography (PET) scan?

Looks at structure and function, used to cancer pts to look for evidence of tumors.

An imaging technique exclusively for brain scans.

A type of X-ray used for bone fractures.

A method to measure blood pressure.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a medical imaging technique that is used to visualize and measure the functions of different body organs. It is commonly used in cancer patients to detect and monitor tumors. It is not used for bone fractures, blood pressure measurement, or exclusive to brain scans only.

Explanation

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11. What does SPECT stand for in experimental imaging?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Computed Axial Tomography

Single photon emission computerized tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

SPECT stands for Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography, which is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to provide detailed images of organs and structures inside the body.

Explanation

SPECT stands for Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography, which is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to provide detailed images of organs and structures inside the body.

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12. What is cerumen and what is its purpose/ possible appearance?

Cerumen is a type of bacteria that can cause ear infections.

Cerumen is a sweet-tasting substance that is often used in baked goods.

Cerumen is a type of bone found in the ear canal that helps with hearing.

Cerumen is a mix of secretions (sloughed off epithelial cells, sebum), that may mix with hair and other matter. Its purpose is to lubricate and protect the ear canal. Cerumen exits the ear canal naturally by outward growth of the skin in the EC (33 mm / yr) It can be dry, wet, gooey, and flakey.

Cerumen, commonly known as earwax, is a mixture of secretions that help lubricate and protect the ear canal. It serves an important role in maintaining ear health and does not have any relation to bones, bacteria causing infections, or being a sweet-tasting ingredient.

Explanation

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13. What are some contraindications for cerumen removal?

High blood pressure (Hypertension)

Common cold

TM perfs, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, anticoagulant Rx, PE tubes, mental retardation, ear malformations

Pregnancy

Contraindications for cerumen removal include various health conditions or circumstances that may increase the risk of complications during the procedure.

Explanation

Contraindications for cerumen removal include various health conditions or circumstances that may increase the risk of complications during the procedure.

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14. What is the estimated incidence of cerumen impactions in the US?

12 million- ranging between 6-18 million

8 million - ranging between 4-12 million

25 million - ranging between 20-30 million

3 million - ranging between 1-5 million

Cerumen impactions affect a significant number of individuals in the US, with estimates ranging from 6 to 18 million cases.

Explanation

Cerumen impactions affect a significant number of individuals in the US, with estimates ranging from 6 to 18 million cases.

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15. Who is qualified to perform cerumen removal?

Chiropractors

Physicians, nurse practioners, audiologists

Optometrists

Dentists

Physicians, nurse practitioners, and audiologists are trained and qualified to perform cerumen removal due to their knowledge of the ear anatomy and safe removal techniques. Other healthcare professionals, such as dentists, optometrists, and chiropractors, do not typically have the specialized training required for this procedure.

Explanation

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