Cpp Some Concepts (phase X)

Risk is the term used to describe the function of probability and consequence magnitude and imminence in decision-making and risk assessment processes.

A threat is not just an unpredictable event, absence of security measures, or a friendly gesture. It involves a combination of specific factors related to adversary capabilities, equipment, motivation or intent, and likelihood of attack.

The correct answer includes the key elements of PPS - People, procedures, and technology, which are essential for its functioning. The incorrect answers do not accurately represent the components of a PPS and may lead to confusion.

A vulnerability assessment is focused on identifying weaknesses and establishing a baseline for security effectiveness, while the incorrect options are not directly related to the process described in the question.

The correct term used to describe the considerations of adversary threat type, tactics, mode of operations, capabilities, threat level, and likelihood of occurrence is the Design Basis Threat. This term helps in evaluating and preparing for potential security threats and attacks.

The key factor that distinguishes a security risk from a safety risk is the intent behind the risk. Security risks involve intentional malicious actions, while safety risks are more related to accidental or unintentional incidents.

In vulnerability assessment, facility characterisation is the process of identifying critical aspects of an entity's operation, which is essential for assessing vulnerabilities accurately.

The key measures of the effectiveness for the detection function focus on the ability to sense adversary action and the time required for reporting and assessing the alarm. The incorrect answers do not align with measures that evaluate the functionality of detection systems.

Measures of effectiveness for an entry control system are primarily focused on the system's ability to correctly allow authorized individuals access while preventing unauthorized entry. Throughput measures the number of valid entry attempts per unit of time, while false acceptance rate and false rejection rate reflect the system's accuracy in accepting or rejecting access attempts.

A compliance-based vulnerability analysis process is not suitable for assets at high risk of malevolent adversary action and high potential loss because it focuses on the presence or absence of components, rather than judging the system's performance or ability to resist malicious attacks.

A well-engineered PPS should provide protection in depth, ensure minimum consequences of component failure, and maintain a balanced level of protection to effectively mitigate risks.

Having multiple cash registers helps in spreading the risk of long wait times for customers during peak hours by distributing the workload across multiple stations.

Using a feature criteria approach may inadvertently introduce biases in the selection process by prioritizing certain features over others, which can impact the overall outcome.

Crime prevention through environmental design focuses on altering the environment to reduce opportunities for crime and increase feelings of safety, as opposed to other approaches.

Oscar Newman's concept of 'Defensible space' laid the foundation for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, emphasizing the importance of designing spaces that promote a sense of ownership and surveillance among residents to reduce crime.

Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing crime opportunities by manipulating the immediate environment, while the other options focus on different aspects of crime prevention strategies.

Situational crime prevention theory focuses on reducing opportunities for crime through environmental design, which aligns with the Rational Choice Theory's emphasis on individuals making decisions based on potential costs and benefits.

Shipping and receiving areas are typically separated to improve inventory control, prevent mix-ups, and enhance security measures.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) focuses on creating environments that discourage crime by utilizing natural elements to control access, increase surveillance, and reinforce territorial boundaries.

Intrusion sensor performance is primarily evaluated based on the probability of detection, nuisance alarm rate, and vulnerability to defeat. These three characteristics are crucial in determining the effectiveness of an intrusion sensor system.

In situations where high PD is essential in all conditions, relying on multiple sensors provides redundancy and enhances reliability. Using a single sensor may lead to failures, ignoring weather conditions can compromise data accuracy, manual control is not suitable for continuous monitoring, and reducing sensor sensitivity can result in missed detections.

Dual tech sensors combine both infrared and microwave technologies, which results in the lowest NAR (False Alarm Rate) compared to individual sensors like Ultrasonic, Infrared, or Microwave sensors.

The 3 fundamental components of an intrusion detection system are sensor, annunciator, and control unit. The control unit is responsible for analyzing data from sensors, generating alerts through annunciators, and taking appropriate actions in response to potential intrusions.

Ported coaxial cable sensors can be affected by environmental factors like water, leading to false alarms when deployed close to a creek. Fiber optic sensors, infrared motion detectors, and wire break sensors are less likely to be impacted by proximity to water bodies.

Microwave intrusion sensors can penetrate thin walls easily due to their nature of emitting microwave signals. In contrast, ultrasonic sensors may be absorbed or reflected by the walls, reducing their effectiveness. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors detect changes in temperature and might be affected by thin walls. Dual Technology sensors combining microwave and PIR may result in false alarms in rooms with thin walls due to overlapping detection capabilities.

Volumetric motion sensors are designed to detect motion in a particular area or volume, regardless of the direction or point of entry. This allows for a more comprehensive coverage and detection regardless of the intruder's path.

The most common type of sensor used to detect intrusion through doors is a simple mechanical switch, using a magnetic reed. This type of sensor is reliable, cost-effective, and easy to install.

Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors are commonly used in intrusion detection systems due to their effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

In PIR sensors, the difference in temperature between the intruder and the background is referred to as the minimum resolvable temperature, which is used to detect motion and trigger the sensor.