Advanced Aortic Stenosis Echocardiography Quiz

1. What are the etiologies of AS (Aortic Stenosis)?

Genetic (Marfan syndrome)

Calific / degenerative50% bicuspidRhumatic (assocaed with MS) (thick vales)Congenital (bicuspid 1-2%)Supra valve dysfunction Rhumatic Fever post inflamatoy

Traumatic (blunt chest trauma)

Infective (endocarditis)

Aortic Stenosis (AS) can have various etiologies, with the most common being calcific/degenerative changes in the valve. Other causes such as infective endocarditis, traumatic events like blunt chest trauma, and genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome can also lead to AS, although they are less common.

Explanation

Aortic Stenosis (AS) can have various etiologies, with the most common being calcific/degenerative changes in the valve. Other causes such as infective endocarditis, traumatic events like blunt chest trauma, and genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome can also lead to AS, although they are less common.

2. What is a potential consequence of systolic pressure overload in Lise AS Pathophysiology?

Decreased LVH

Decreased risk of endocarditis

Aortic sclerosis always leads to hemodynamic issues

In Lise AS Pathophysiology, systolic pressure overload can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to increased afterload, which in turn can result in increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and enlargement of the left atrium (LA). This can eventually progress to ventricular dysfunction. Aortic sclerosis, on the other hand, may occur without significant hemodynamic changes.

Explanation

In Lise AS Pathophysiology, systolic pressure overload can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to increased afterload, which in turn can result in increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and enlargement of the left atrium (LA). This can eventually progress to ventricular dysfunction. Aortic sclerosis, on the other hand, may occur without significant hemodynamic changes.

3. What are some physical signs of AS?

Cough

Fever

Joint pain

The physical signs of AS include symptoms such as angina, dyspnea, syncope, sudden death, and specific cardiac murmurs and pulse characteristics. Fever, joint pain, and cough are not typically associated with AS.

Explanation

The physical signs of AS include symptoms such as angina, dyspnea, syncope, sudden death, and specific cardiac murmurs and pulse characteristics. Fever, joint pain, and cough are not typically associated with AS.

4. What is the echo finding in a patient with AS?

Calcified aortic leaflets, increased valve opening, aortic dissection, RVH

Normal aortic leaflets, increased valve opening, normal aorta size, RV dilation

Thin aortic leaflets, increased valve opening, dilated aorta, normal LV size

In a patient with aortic stenosis, the echo finding typically includes thickened aortic leaflets, decreased valve opening, post-stenotic dilatation of the aorta, and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Explanation

In a patient with aortic stenosis, the echo finding typically includes thickened aortic leaflets, decreased valve opening, post-stenotic dilatation of the aorta, and left ventricular hypertrophy.

5. What is the normal velocity for AS?

100 cm/sec

200 cm/sec

250 cm/sec

150 cm/sec

Normal velocity for AS is specific and defined as 200 cm/sec. Options 100 cm/sec, 150 cm/sec, and 250 cm/sec are not correct velocities for AS.

Explanation

Normal velocity for AS is specific and defined as 200 cm/sec. Options 100 cm/sec, 150 cm/sec, and 250 cm/sec are not correct velocities for AS.