Bio Lecture 3 Page 1/21/11 Lecture Pt 1

1. What are the two major communication systems?

The Respiratory System and the Immune System

TheTwo Major Communication Systems
The NervousSystem andthe Endocrine SystemPancreas
Homeostasis and blood glucose
Central Regulation by Hypothalamus-Pituitary
Anterior and Posterior Pituitary: Structure andfunction

Thyroid Gland Regulation by hypothalamus/pituitary and negative feedback

Pineal Gland Photoperiodism

Adrenal Gland Response tostress

The Muscular System and the Skeletal System

The Digestive System and the Cardiovascular System

The nervous system and the endocrine system are the two major communication systems in the body that regulate and coordinate various physiological processes.

Explanation

The nervous system and the endocrine system are the two major communication systems in the body that regulate and coordinate various physiological processes.

2. Briefly explain what the following do: 1) Hypothalamus 2) Pineal Gland 3) Pituitary 4) Gonads.

The Pineal Gland regulates blood sugar levels.

The Pituitary gland controls muscle movement.

Encocrine system turns out to be similarWhat glands do the following?

The Hypothalamus is responsible for digestion.

Each of the mentioned glands serve specific functions within the endocrine system. The correct answer outlines the key roles of each gland, while the incorrect answers provide misleading information to test the understanding of the topic.

Explanation

Each of the mentioned glands serve specific functions within the endocrine system. The correct answer outlines the key roles of each gland, while the incorrect answers provide misleading information to test the understanding of the topic.

3. What are the three basic patterns of hormonal release?

Paracrine Release

Synaptic Release

Interstitial Release

Endocrine ReleaseNeuroendocrine ReleaseNeurohormonal Release

The three basic patterns of hormonal release are Endocrine Release, Neuroendocrine Release, and Neurohormonal Release. Interstitial, Paracrine, and Synaptic Releases refer to different types of signaling mechanisms in the body.

Explanation

The three basic patterns of hormonal release are Endocrine Release, Neuroendocrine Release, and Neurohormonal Release. Interstitial, Paracrine, and Synaptic Releases refer to different types of signaling mechanisms in the body.

4. Explain the Endocrine pathway...

The Endocrine pathway is a transportation route for nutrients in the body.

The Endocrine pathway is a process that regulates body temperature.

The Endocrine pathway is a series of reactions that produce energy in cells.

The Endocrine pathway involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, rather than producing energy, transporting nutrients, or regulating body temperature.

Explanation

The Endocrine pathway involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, rather than producing energy, transporting nutrients, or regulating body temperature.

5. In the Neurohormonal and Neuroendocrine pathways, where are Neurosecretory cells found?

In the skeletal muscles

In the kidneys

Within the gastrointestinal tract

A nerve cell that is specialized release its signal molecules into the circulatory system.
Cells are attached to hypthalamus

Neurosecretory cells are specialized nerve cells found in the hypothalamus that release signaling molecules into the circulatory system to regulate various body functions.

Explanation

Neurosecretory cells are specialized nerve cells found in the hypothalamus that release signaling molecules into the circulatory system to regulate various body functions.

6. Fill in the blanks or label the parts and identify the pathway.

Question 5

Question 3

Question 1

This question is asking the test taker to identify parts of a pathway and fill in the blanks or label them accordingly. The correct answer is 'Question 7'.

Explanation

This question is asking the test taker to identify parts of a pathway and fill in the blanks or label them accordingly. The correct answer is 'Question 7'.

7. Fill in the blanks or label the parts and identify the pathway in this diagram.

Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis

Calvin Cycle

The correct pathway represented in the diagram is the Kreb's Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle.

Explanation

The correct pathway represented in the diagram is the Kreb's Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle.

8. Summarize a) the Neurohormone or Endocrine and b) the Neuroendocrine pathways. Give general mechanisms.

A) Stimulus --> neurotransmitter release (by muscle cell) --> Effect

Bii) Stimulus --> hormone release (by adrenal gland) --> effect

B) Stimulus --> growth hormone release (by pituitary gland) --> Effect

*Review on ppt, my interpretation my be wrong*
a) Stimulus --> hormone release (by endocrine gland/neurosecretory cell) --> Effect
bi) stimulus --> trophic hormone release (by hypothalamus)--> trophic hormone release (by anterior pituitary)--> endocrine gland which then release hormone --> effectorbii) stimulus --> trophic hormone release (by hypothalamus)--> hormone release (by anterior pituitary)--> effect

The correct answers provided explain the general mechanisms of the Neurohormone/Endocrine and Neuroendocrine pathways. The incorrect answers interject unrelated concepts that do not align with the processes described.

Explanation

The correct answers provided explain the general mechanisms of the Neurohormone/Endocrine and Neuroendocrine pathways. The incorrect answers interject unrelated concepts that do not align with the processes described.