Bio 111 Lab 8

1. What is behaviour in vertebrates and what are the types?

The mental processes of an animal in responding to stimuli. Cognitive - ability to learn, Emotional - feelings and responses.

Observable movements of an animal's body made in response to internal or external environmental factors.Stereotypic - Always the sameSpecies specific - very similar in members of the same species but differs in different species

Instinctual reactions of an animal without conscious thought. Reflexive - automatic responses, Voluntary - deliberate actions.

Physical traits of an animal that help it survive in its environment. Genetic - determined by genes, Learned - acquired through experience.

Behaviour in vertebrates refers to the observable movements of their bodies in response to various factors. These movements can be stereotypic, meaning they are always the same, or species-specific, showing similarities within a species but differences across species. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define behaviour in vertebrates and its types, focusing on different aspects of animal characteristics and responses.

Explanation

Behaviour in vertebrates refers to the observable movements of their bodies in response to various factors. These movements can be stereotypic, meaning they are always the same, or species-specific, showing similarities within a species but differences across species. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define behaviour in vertebrates and its types, focusing on different aspects of animal characteristics and responses.

2. Betta Splendens (Siamese fighting fish)How can they breathe air?How do they show aggression?How does their aggression vary?

Have lungs to breathe air and show aggression by burying themselves in the sand. Their aggression remains consistent regardless of the audience.

Use gills for breathing and show aggression by swimming in circles. They are equally aggressive towards any audience member.

Have Labyrinth organ to help breathe airShow aggression by stereotypical behaviour. Spreading fins and operculum and gill membrane. They will readily fight males.Most aggressive when there's a male audience member. Less when it's a female audience member but still more than when there is no audience member.

Breathe through their skin and show aggression by vocalizing their displeasure. Usually more aggressive towards females than males.

Betta Splendens have a unique Labyrinth organ that allows them to breathe air and they show aggression through specific physical displays. Their aggression levels can vary based on the presence of audience members, being most aggressive towards males, slightly less aggressive towards females, and least aggressive when there is no audience.

Explanation

Betta Splendens have a unique Labyrinth organ that allows them to breathe air and they show aggression through specific physical displays. Their aggression levels can vary based on the presence of audience members, being most aggressive towards males, slightly less aggressive towards females, and least aggressive when there is no audience.

3. What are the different types of fins found on a Yellow Perch (perca flavescens)?

2. Yellow Perch have fins with both feathers and scales.

3. The fins of Yellow Perch are used for swimming and not for respiration.

1. Yellow Perch have only one type of fin.

1. Anterior dorsal fin - spiny rays2. Posterior dorsal fin - soft rays3. Caudal fin - soft rays4. Anal fin - spiny and soft rays5. pelvic fin - paired - homologous to hind limbs of tetrapods6. Pectoral fin - paired - homologous to forelimbs of tetrapods7. Operculum - gill covers. Protect respiration structures and force water over the gills.8. Lateral line - each scale: hole which leads to a canal which leads to a neuromast. Neuromast: Sensory organ with hair cells in cupola (capsule). They help detect disturbances in the water because the cilia are asymmetrical. Can detect water going from head to tail or vice versa.

4. What are some key features of the external anatomy of a yellow perch?

Yellow perch have a single continuous body structure without distinct head, trunk, and tail sections.

Yellow perch do not possess external nares or olfactory pits for smell detection.

Fish body divided into head, trunk, tailGill openings mark border between head and trunkMouth - Upper jaws = maxilla; lower jaws = mandibles. Three types of mouths:a) Terminal to catch preyb) Inferior (bottom feeder)c) Superior (surface feeder)Scale - Annuli = growth rings; teeth = cteniiExternal nares - lead to olfactory pits (w/ smell organs)Gills have 4 arches which each have 2 rows of gill filamentsUnpaired finsPaired fins

Yellow perch have only one type of mouth for feeding.

The correct answer describes the external anatomy of a yellow perch in detail, highlighting important features such as the body divisions, mouth types, scales, and sensory organs. The incorrect answers provided are misconceptions or incorrect statements about the external anatomy of a yellow perch.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the external anatomy of a yellow perch in detail, highlighting important features such as the body divisions, mouth types, scales, and sensory organs. The incorrect answers provided are misconceptions or incorrect statements about the external anatomy of a yellow perch.

5. What are some internal anatomy structures of a yellow perch?

2. Bladder - Stores excess water

3. Pancreas - Regulates blood sugar levels

1. Lungs - Used for breathing

10. Gills11. Ventricle (heart)12. Liver - store glycogen/produce bile13. Stomach14. Pyloric caeca - finger like projections. Aid in digestion/absorption 15. Duodenum - 16. Intestine (off page?)17. Spleen - in mesentry. destroys red blood cells18. Kidney - Excretes wastes into urine

Internal anatomy structures of a yellow perch include gills, heart, liver, stomach, pyloric caeca, duodenum, spleen, and kidney, while lungs, bladder, and pancreas are not part of a fish's internal anatomy.

Explanation

Internal anatomy structures of a yellow perch include gills, heart, liver, stomach, pyloric caeca, duodenum, spleen, and kidney, while lungs, bladder, and pancreas are not part of a fish's internal anatomy.

6. What are some key components of the internal anatomy of a yellow perch?

5. Spleen

1. Liver2. Duodenum8. Gills9. Gill rakers10. Ventricle11. Atrium12. Bulbus arteriosus13. Gall bladder - stores and concentrates bile and releases into intestine

6. Bladder

4. Pancreas

The internal anatomy of a yellow perch includes various organs such as the liver, duodenum, gills, ventricle, atrium, bulbus arteriosus, and gall bladder. The pancreas, spleen, and bladder are not typically included in the internal anatomy of a yellow perch.

Explanation

The internal anatomy of a yellow perch includes various organs such as the liver, duodenum, gills, ventricle, atrium, bulbus arteriosus, and gall bladder. The pancreas, spleen, and bladder are not typically included in the internal anatomy of a yellow perch.

7. How does blood flow in the perch?

Atrium -> Efferent branchial arteries -> ventricle -> bulbus arteriosus -> afferent branchial arteries -> ventral aorta -> dorsal aorta and carotid arteries -> common cardinal veins -> sinous venosus -> atrium

Atrium -> bulbus arteriosus -> ventricle -> ventral aorta -> afferent branchial arteries -> Efferent branchial arteries -> dorsal aorta -> common cardinal veins -> sinus venosus -> atrium

Atrium -> ventricle -> bulbus arteriosus -> ventral aorta -> afferent branchial arteries (over gill arch) -> Efferent branchial arteries -> dorsal aorta and carotid arteries -> common cardinal veins -> sinous venosus -> atrium

Atrium -> ventricle -> bulbus arteriosus -> dorsal aorta -> afferent branchial arteries -> Efferent branchial arteries -> ventral aorta -> common cardinal veins -> sinous venosus -> atrium

In the perch, blood flows in the specific order of atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, ventral aorta, afferent branchial arteries, efferent branchial arteries, dorsal aorta and carotid arteries, common cardinal veins, sinous venosus, and back to the atrium completing the cycle.

Explanation

In the perch, blood flows in the specific order of atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, ventral aorta, afferent branchial arteries, efferent branchial arteries, dorsal aorta and carotid arteries, common cardinal veins, sinous venosus, and back to the atrium completing the cycle.