Advanced Astronomy Quiz: Exploring Stellar Evolution and Galactic Structures

Astrology

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1. Sketch Edge on view of Milky Way.

Circle, Moon, Galaxy, Dark Matter

Disk, Sun, Bulge, Halo and globular clusters outside. 28,000 LYs from sun to bulge. and 100,000 for entire thing

Line, Earth, Nebula, Outer Space

Spiral, Venus, Black Hole, Star Cluster

The correct answer describes the Edge on view of Milky Way with its components and distances. The incorrect answers provide unrelated or inaccurate elements when compared to the structure and composition of the Milky Way when viewed from the edge.

Explanation

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Advanced Astronomy Quiz: Exploring Stellar Evolution And Galactic Structures - Quiz

Enhance your understanding of Astrology through our focused flashcards. This quiz is designed to reinforce your knowledge of previous Astrology quiz answers, helping you recall and apply key concepts effectively.

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2. What mechanisms restrict the mass range of stars?

Only the age of a star determines its mass range.

Low mass limit is set by the resistance to graitational cotraction provided by electron degeneracy pressure. Stars less than... Low mass limit is set by the resistance to graitational cotraction provided by electron degeneracy pressure. Stars less than .1 SM do not have enough gravity to compress their cores to high enough temp to begin nuclear fusion. High end is set by radiation pressure as stars more massive than 100 Sm produce so much light that they blow off their outer atmospheres.

The mass range of stars is solely determined by their distance from other stars in the galaxy.

Stars do not have any mechanism to restrict their mass range.

The mass range of stars is restricted by physical processes such as electron degeneracy pressure and radiation pressure, not by their location in the galaxy or their age.

Explanation

The mass range of stars is restricted by physical processes such as electron degeneracy pressure and radiation pressure, not by their location in the galaxy or their age.

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3. What is depicted in an HR diagram that shows the evolution of a 1 solar mass star?

A representation of the star's size at different stages of its life cycle.

Full marks were given for a simple version of the diagram below, which showed the location of the main sequence... Full marks were given for a simple version of the diagram below, which showed the location of the main sequence (H core fusion), red giant branch (RGB, or shell H fusion), horizon- tal branch (HB, or core helium burning), asymptotic giant branch (AGB, or double shell burning), planetary nebular and white dwarf stages of evolution for a one solar mass star

A graph showing the star's brightness over time.

A depiction of the star's color changes as it ages.

The HR diagram that shows the evolution of a 1 solar mass star is a graphical representation of the star's evolutionary stages based on its luminosity and temperature.

Explanation

The HR diagram that shows the evolution of a 1 solar mass star is a graphical representation of the star's evolutionary stages based on its luminosity and temperature.

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4. What does an HR diagram show?

Animal migration patterns.

See pic

Historical events in a timeline format.

Weather patterns on Earth.

An HR diagram is a graph showing the relationship between a star's luminosity and temperature, allowing astronomers to classify stars based on these characteristics.

Explanation

An HR diagram is a graph showing the relationship between a star's luminosity and temperature, allowing astronomers to classify stars based on these characteristics.

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5. What are the advantages of a telescope over the human eye?

Telescopes have limitations when it comes to magnification and focus compared to the human eye.

Telescopes are smaller in size and less portable than the human eye.

The human eye is better at observing distant celestial objects than telescopes.

The two principal advantages of a telescope over the human eye is its improved angular resolution and larger light collecting... The two principal advantages of a telescope over the human eye is its improved angular resolution and larger light collecting area.The wavelike nature of light makes it impossible for the human eye to distinguish objects which are less than about 50 arc-seconds apart. A telescope, with its larger diameter lens (or mirror), is able to resolve objects which are much closer together (1 arc-second or less) so that the image shows greater detail than visible to the human eye.Telescopes have much larger lenses (or mirrors) compared to the human eye, allowing them to collect more light. This allows astronomers to see fainter objects.

Telescopes are designed to have improved angular resolution and larger light collecting area compared to the human eye, allowing them to see more detail and fainter objects in space.

Explanation

Telescopes are designed to have improved angular resolution and larger light collecting area compared to the human eye, allowing them to see more detail and fainter objects in space.

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6. What properties can be determined by analyzing a star's spectrum?

The color of the star

Astronomers can determine the temperature, composition, velocity along the line of sight, and rotation rate of a star by analyzing... Astronomers can determine the temperature, composition, velocity along the line of sight, and rotation rate of a star by analyzing its spectrum.The temperature of the star can be found by comparing the spectrum to a blackbody (thermal) radiator. The peak wavelength of emission is inversely related to temperature. The composition of the star may be found by examining the absorption lines. Every element has a unique emission/absorption line spectrum.The velocity along the line of sight (speed away/towards us) may be found by examining the location of the absorption lines. Due to the Doppler effect, the wavelengths of the lines will be shifted to the red if the object is moving away from us, and to the blue if the object is moving towards us. The greater the amount of the shift, the larger the speed of the object. Finally, by examining the width of the absorption lines (how spread out they appear), astronomers can determine the rotation rate of a star. This is because we see light from the entire disk of the star, part of which is rotating towards us (blue-shifting the light) and other parts are rotating away from us, red-shifting the light. The wider the spectral lines, the faster the speed of rotation.

The star's distance from Earth

The star's age

By analyzing a star's spectrum, astronomers can determine various properties such as temperature, composition, velocity, and rotation rate, but the color, age, and distance of the star cannot be directly determined from its spectrum.

Explanation

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7. Imagine that you are in a spaceship orbiting at a safe distance from a black hole. What would you see if your friend (in another ship) plunged into the black hole?

Your friend would be immediately crushed by the black hole's immense gravity upon entering.

Your friend would be ejected back out into space as soon as he/she got close to the black hole.

Your friend would be able to pass through the black hole and come out on the other side unharmed.

As my friend approached a black hole, I would see his/her time running slower and slower and the light coming... As my friend approached a black hole, I would see his/her time running slower and slower and the light coming from him/her would be redshifted. The closer s/he got to the event horizon, the slower time would run. I would never see him cross the event horizon, but he would disappear from view when his light became redshifted out of the range of detection. If s/he was approaching a stellar mass black hole, tidal forces would stretch his/her body and kill him/her.

When an object approaches a black hole, the immense gravitational forces would cause significant time dilation, redshift of light, and possibly tidal stretching of the object. The incorrect answers do not consider the effects of these phenomena when dealing with black holes.

Explanation

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8. Explain why relativity allows us to travel (in principle) to the center of the Milky Way (25,000 light-years away) and back, but we would never be able to tell our friends back home about the trip.

A wormhole near the center of the Milky Way would allow for instantaneous travel back to Earth, making it possible... A wormhole near the center of the Milky Way would allow for instantaneous travel back to Earth, making it possible to share the adventure with friends.

Time dilation would cause the journey to feel like an eternity to the traveler, making it impossible to return to... Time dilation would cause the journey to feel like an eternity to the traveler, making it impossible to return to Earth.

If we could build a very fast spacecraft that traveled close to the the speed of light, then time dilation... If we could build a very fast spacecraft that traveled close to the the speed of light, then time dilation and length contraction allow us to travel the 25,000 light-years to the center of the Milky Way in what would seem like just a few years to us. However, back home on Earth, the trip would take about 25,000 years to go and another 25,000 years to come back. Thus, we would return to the Earth 50,000 years after we left it, and none of our friends would be around to listen to our tales of adventure when we returned. Note that even if you sent a radio message while you were at the center of the Galaxy, it would still take another 25,000 years to arrive at Earth because the radio waves barely move faster than the spacecraft.

Communicating through quantum entanglement with friends on Earth would allow for real-time updates during the journey.

The correct answer highlights the effects of time dilation and length contraction during high-speed travel, which allow for a shorter perceived journey time for the traveler. The incorrect answers either introduce hypothetical scenarios not supported by current scientific understanding or suggest alternative communication methods that do not overcome the time delay due to distance.

Explanation

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9. Briefly explain how we think quasars produce so much energy.

The energy is produced in the accretion disk around a suppermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy. Matter... The energy is produced in the accretion disk around a suppermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy. Matter in the accretion disk heats up due to friction and slowly spirals into the blackhole. As it heats up, it emits energy. The more matter that falls onto the accretion disk, the more energyis produced. A typically quasar is accreting about 1 solar mass per year.

Quasars receive energy from neighboring stars and galaxies through a process known as energy transfer.

The energy is produced by nuclear fusion reactions happening within the core of a quasar.

Quasars harness energy from dark matter interactions occurring in their vicinity.

Quasars produce energy through accretion disks around supermassive black holes, not through nuclear fusion reactions, energy transfer from neighboring stars, or interactions with dark matter.

Explanation

Quasars produce energy through accretion disks around supermassive black holes, not through nuclear fusion reactions, energy transfer from neighboring stars, or interactions with dark matter.

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10. Two explanations for differences between spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies trace back to protogalactic cloud from which it formed.

1. Protogalactic spin- If the original cloud had a significant amount of angular momentum it would have... 1. Protogalactic spin- If the original cloud had a significant amount of angular momentum it would have rotated quickly as it collapsed. The galaxy it produced would therefore have tended to form a disk, and the resulting galaxy would be a spiral galaxy. If the cloud had little or no angular momentum then an elliptical galaxy would form2. Protogalactic density- A protogalactic cloud with relatively high gas density would have radiated energy more effectively and cooled more quickly, thereby allowing more rapid star formation. If star formation proceeded fast enough, all the gas could have been turned into stars before any of it had time to settle into a disk. The resulting galaxy would therefore lack a disk, making it an elliptical galaxy.

1. The shapes of spiral and elliptical galaxies are determined by the presence or absence of dark matter within the... 1. The shapes of spiral and elliptical galaxies are determined by the presence or absence of dark matter within the protogalactic cloud.

2. Spiral galaxies are older than elliptical galaxies due to differences in the formation stages of their protogalactic clouds.

3. The orientation in which a protogalactic cloud collapses is the sole determinant of whether a galaxy will be spiral... 3. The orientation in which a protogalactic cloud collapses is the sole determinant of whether a galaxy will be spiral or elliptical in shape.

The differences in the final shape of spiral and elliptical galaxies can be traced back to the properties of the protogalactic cloud from which they formed. The presence or absence of angular momentum and gas density within the cloud play crucial roles in determining the eventual shape of the galaxy.

Explanation

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