Architecture Exam 1 Quiz | Fundamentals Test

Stonehenge was constructed in phases between 2900–1400 BC using large sarsen and bluestones. Archaeological dating through radiocarbon analysis of surrounding remains confirms its Neolithic origin. Its placement on Salisbury Plain aligns with solar events, indicating ritual and astronomical functions rather than defensive or residential use.

The Ziggurat of Ur was built around 2100 BCE during the Ur III period. Cuneiform records and brick inscriptions support this date. Its stepped form reflects Mesopotamian religious architecture, designed to elevate temples toward the divine rather than serve funerary purposes.

Imhotep was the architect of the Step Pyramid of Djoser, introducing large-scale stone construction. Dating to around 2630 BC, the structure marks a calculated architectural shift from mastabas to pyramids, supported by inscriptions and later historical accounts.

The pyramids at Giza were built during Dynasty IV as royal tombs. Their precise geometry and alignment reflect advanced mathematical planning and centralized labor organization under Old Kingdom pharaohs.

The Temple of Hera at Olympia dates to 600–590 BC, making it one of the earliest Doric temples. Its proportions and column design reflect early Greek experimentation with stone architecture.

The Acropolis represents Classical Greek ideals through symmetry, proportion, and civic symbolism. Built primarily after 479 BC, it reflects Athens’ political and cultural dominance.

The Parthenon was constructed between 448–432 BC under Pericles. Architectural refinements like entasis show advanced calculations to correct visual distortion.

The Erechtheum’s asymmetrical design accommodated sacred sites. Built between 421–407 BC, it is distinguished by its Caryatid porch.

The Agora functioned as Athens’ political, commercial, and social center. Archaeological remains confirm its role in democratic civic life.

The Arch of Constantine was erected in Rome in 315 AD. Its reused reliefs demonstrate political calculation linking Constantine to past emperors.

The Temple of Fortuna Virilis dates to the 2nd century BCE. Its preservation provides key evidence of Republican Roman temple design.

Marcus Aurelius was born in 121 AD. Roman records and imperial biographies confirm this date, correcting common approximations.

The Baths of Diocletian were completed between 298–306 AD. Their scale reflects calculated urban planning and imperial patronage.

The Colosseum was built between 75–80 AD using concrete and stone. Its structural calculations allowed large crowds and complex spectacles.

Doric columns are characterized by simplicity and strength. Early Greek temples favored this order due to structural efficiency.

Opus caementicium enabled Roman architectural innovation. Its load-bearing capacity allowed domes and vaults.

The Agora served civic functions including law, trade, and assembly. Its central placement reflects democratic values.

Diocletian commissioned the baths as part of urban reforms. Their scale reflects calculated population needs.

Caryatids replace columns with sculpted female figures. Their load-bearing design blends structure and aesthetics.

The Colosseum symbolized Roman imperial authority through scale, engineering, and public spectacle.