Quiz Da Ditadura Civil-militar (1964-1985)

1. Um golpe de Estado interrompeu o mandato presidencial de:

Juscelino Kubitscheck

Costa e Silva

João Goulart

Emílio Médici

Ernesto Geisel

João Goulart's presidential term was interrupted by a coup d'état.

Explanation

João Goulart's presidential term was interrupted by a coup d'état.

2. No período em que o Brasil foi dirigido por governos militares a decretação do AI 5 (Ato Institucional número 5) representou um "endurecimento" do regime instalado em 1964, que pode ser explicado pela(s):

inquietação dos setores militares favoráveis à redemocratização.

ação dos grupos de oposição, que trocaram a luta armada pela oposição parlamentar ao regime.

crise decorrente do impedimento do Presidente Costa e Silva.

crise econômica resultante do esgotamento do milagre brasileiro.

crescentes manifestações oposicionistas de líderes políticos, estudantes e intelectuais contra o regime.

During the period in which Brazil was ruled by military governments, the decree of AI 5 (Institutional Act number 5) represented a "hardening" of the regime installed in 1964, which can be explained by the increasing opposition demonstrations by political leaders, students, and intellectuals against the regime. These protests and opposition movements posed a threat to the military government's control and authority, leading to a response of tightening restrictions and repression through the implementation of AI 5. This act granted the government sweeping powers to suppress dissent, suspend constitutional rights, and silence opposition voices.

Explanation

During the period in which Brazil was ruled by military governments, the decree of AI 5 (Institutional Act number 5) represented a "hardening" of the regime installed in 1964, which can be explained by the increasing opposition demonstrations by political leaders, students, and intellectuals against the regime. These protests and opposition movements posed a threat to the military government's control and authority, leading to a response of tightening restrictions and repression through the implementation of AI 5. This act granted the government sweeping powers to suppress dissent, suspend constitutional rights, and silence opposition voices.

3. Nos últimos meses do governo do General João Figueiredo, a população saiu às ruas para dar seu apoio e sensibilizar deputados e senadores a votarem uma emenda constitucional, de autoria do deputado Dante de Oliveira. A campanha decorrente desse movimento ficou conhecida por:

Movimento pela Anistia.

Campanha pelas Diretas Já.

Movimento pelos Direitos Humanos.

Campanha do Colégio Eleitoral.

Movimento da Frente Pró Tancredo.

In the last months of General João Figueiredo's government, the population took to the streets to show their support and persuade deputies and senators to vote for a constitutional amendment proposed by Deputy Dante de Oliveira. This campaign became known as "Campanha pelas Diretas Já" or "Campaign for Direct Elections Now."

Explanation

In the last months of General João Figueiredo's government, the population took to the streets to show their support and persuade deputies and senators to vote for a constitutional amendment proposed by Deputy Dante de Oliveira. This campaign became known as "Campanha pelas Diretas Já" or "Campaign for Direct Elections Now."

4. A vitória do Brasil na Copa do Mundo de 1970

não teve qualquer repercussão no campo político, por se tratar de um acontecimento estritamente esportivo.

alentou o trabalho das oposições que deram destaque à capacidade do povo brasileiro de realizar grandes proezas.

propiciou uma operação de propaganda do governo Médici, tentando associar a conquista ao regime autoritário.

favoreceu o projeto de abertura do general Geisel, ao criar um clima de otimismo pelas realizações do governo.

alcançou repercussão muito limitada, pois os meios de comunicação não tinham a eficácia que têm hoje.

The correct answer suggests that Brazil's victory in the 1970 World Cup provided an opportunity for the government of President Médici to engage in propaganda and associate the triumph with the authoritarian regime. This implies that the government used the success of the national team to promote its own image and reinforce its authority.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that Brazil's victory in the 1970 World Cup provided an opportunity for the government of President Médici to engage in propaganda and associate the triumph with the authoritarian regime. This implies that the government used the success of the national team to promote its own image and reinforce its authority.

5. Sobre o fim do período militar no Brasil (1964-1985), pode-se afirmar que ocorreu de forma:

conflituosa, resultando em um rompimento entre as forças armadas e os partidos políticos.

negociada, como no Chile, entre o ditador e os partidos na ilegalidade.

lenta e gradual, como desejavam setores das forças armadas.

sigilosa, entre o presidente Geisel e Tancredo Neves, à revelia do exército e dos partidos

abrupta e inesperada, como na Argentina do General Galtieri.

The correct answer is "lenta e gradual, como desejavam setores das forças armadas." This means that the end of the military period in Brazil was slow and gradual, as desired by certain sectors of the armed forces. This suggests that there were internal divisions within the military regarding the transition to civilian rule, with some factions preferring a gradual process rather than an abrupt and sudden change.

Explanation

The correct answer is "lenta e gradual, como desejavam setores das forças armadas." This means that the end of the military period in Brazil was slow and gradual, as desired by certain sectors of the armed forces. This suggests that there were internal divisions within the military regarding the transition to civilian rule, with some factions preferring a gradual process rather than an abrupt and sudden change.

6. O Ato Institucional n. 5, editado durante o governo do General Costa e Silva, permitiu a esse presidente da República, entre outras medidas:

convocar uma Assembléia Nacional Constituinte

criar novos ministérios e empresas estatais

decretar o recesso parlamentar e promover cassações de mandatos e de direitos políticos

contratar maiores empréstimos no exterior

promover uma reformulação do sistema partidário

The correct answer is "decretar o recesso parlamentar e promover cassações de mandatos e de direitos políticos". The Ato Institucional n. 5 granted the president the power to suspend the activities of the Congress (recesso parlamentar) and to revoke the mandates and political rights of individuals (cassações de mandatos e de direitos políticos). This measure was part of the authoritarian regime in Brazil during the military dictatorship, allowing the government to consolidate its power and suppress opposition.

Explanation

The correct answer is "decretar o recesso parlamentar e promover cassações de mandatos e de direitos políticos". The Ato Institucional n. 5 granted the president the power to suspend the activities of the Congress (recesso parlamentar) and to revoke the mandates and political rights of individuals (cassações de mandatos e de direitos políticos). This measure was part of the authoritarian regime in Brazil during the military dictatorship, allowing the government to consolidate its power and suppress opposition.

7. Os governos dos presidentes Geisel e Figueiredo foram marcados pela chamada "distensão política, gradual e segura". Sobre ela pode-se afirmar:

ocorreu graças à delegação paternalista do poder militar, então hegemônico.

desenvolveu-se pela pressão direta do governo norte-americano.

ocorreu pela pressão dos setores políticos e econômicos dominantes no Brasil, em busca de novas relações de hegemonia.

surgiu e desenvolveu-se pela iminente possibilidade do acesso ao poder dos partidos de extrema esquerda.

foi estimulada pela pressão dos grandes proprietários interessados em impedir a reforma agrária.

The correct answer is that the "distensão política, gradual e segura" occurred due to the pressure from the dominant political and economic sectors in Brazil, who were seeking new relationships of hegemony. This suggests that these sectors wanted to maintain their power and influence, and saw the "distensão" as a way to achieve this while still allowing for some political and social reforms. This explanation aligns with the historical context of Brazil during the Geisel and Figueiredo presidencies, where there was a desire for political stability and economic growth, while also addressing some social demands.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the "distensão política, gradual e segura" occurred due to the pressure from the dominant political and economic sectors in Brazil, who were seeking new relationships of hegemony. This suggests that these sectors wanted to maintain their power and influence, and saw the "distensão" as a way to achieve this while still allowing for some political and social reforms. This explanation aligns with the historical context of Brazil during the Geisel and Figueiredo presidencies, where there was a desire for political stability and economic growth, while also addressing some social demands.

8. A transição lenta, gradual e segura para a democracia, iniciada no governo Geisel em 1974, completa-se na Constituição de 1988, que pôs fim aos últimos vestígios do regime autoritário. Dentre as conseqüências deste processo mencionamos:

inúmeras crises sociais que obrigaram o regime a retroceder e voltar ao autoritarismo anterior.

a instalação de uma economia forte, caracterizada pela igualdade de oportunidades, sem a concentração de renda.

a punição rigorosa de todos os crimes políticos e indenização a todas as vítimas deste período.

a ascensão ao poder de grupos radicais, com práticas contrárias à democracia, inviabilizando a abertura.

The correct answer states that one of the consequences of the slow, gradual, and secure transition to democracy in Brazil was the absence of strong social upheavals. It also mentions the restoration of political rights, although there still existed social inequality and lack of trust in the State, which had a historical background of clientelism and corruption. This implies that despite the challenges and shortcomings, the transition process managed to avoid major social disruptions and allowed for the establishment of some political rights.

Explanation

The correct answer states that one of the consequences of the slow, gradual, and secure transition to democracy in Brazil was the absence of strong social upheavals. It also mentions the restoration of political rights, although there still existed social inequality and lack of trust in the State, which had a historical background of clientelism and corruption. This implies that despite the challenges and shortcomings, the transition process managed to avoid major social disruptions and allowed for the establishment of some political rights.

9. Em 1968, Caetano Veloso, ao defender num festival a sua composição "É Proibido Proibir", assim respondeu às vaias do público: "Mas é isso que é a juventude que quer tomar o poder. Vocês tem coragem de aplaudir este ano uma música que vocês não teriam coragem de aplaudir o ano passado! São a mesma juventude que vai sempre, sempre matar o velhote inimigo que morreu ontem. Vocês não estão entendendo nada, nada, nada Absolutamente nada (...) O problema é o seguinte: estão querendo policiar a música brasileira. Mas eu e o Gil já abrimos o caminho (...). Nós, eu e ele tivemos coragem de enfrentar em todas as estruturas e sair de todas. E vocês? E vocês? Se vocês em política forem como estética estamos feitos." (HOLLANDA, Heloisa Buarque e GONÇALVES, Marcos A. Cultura e Participação. Anos Sessenta, COLEÇÃO TUDO É HISTÓRIA, vol.41, Brasiliense, são Paulo, 1982, p.6) Quando Caetano fala sobre o policiamento da música brasileira ele se refere a um conjunto de medidas repressivas tomadas pelos governos militares, que culminaria:

na promulgação do Ato Institucional n.o 05 (AI-5).

na criação do Departamento de Censura.

no fechamento da UNE.

na criação do Departamento de Ordem Política Social.

na extinção dos partidos políticos.

Caetano Veloso is referring to the repressive measures taken by the military governments in Brazil, specifically the promulgation of the Ato Institucional n.o 05 (AI-5). This act, implemented in 1968, granted the government sweeping powers to suppress political opposition, including censorship of the media, suspension of civil rights, and persecution of individuals deemed subversive. Caetano's statement suggests that the government's control over the music industry was part of a larger pattern of authoritarianism and repression.

Explanation

Caetano Veloso is referring to the repressive measures taken by the military governments in Brazil, specifically the promulgation of the Ato Institucional n.o 05 (AI-5). This act, implemented in 1968, granted the government sweeping powers to suppress political opposition, including censorship of the media, suspension of civil rights, and persecution of individuals deemed subversive. Caetano's statement suggests that the government's control over the music industry was part of a larger pattern of authoritarianism and repression.

10. Em dezembro de 1968, o governo militar editou o Ato Institucional n.o 5 (AI-5), que determinava:

as eleições para Governadores dos Estados e Presidente da República passariam a ser decididas no Colégio Eleitoral.

a concessão de "habeas-corpus" pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e a cassação de mandatos de deputados e senadores pelo Congresso Nacional.

The correct answer states that the President of the Republic would have the power to close the Congress, intervene in the States, and suspend the political rights of any citizen. This is in reference to the Ato Institucional n.o 5 (AI-5) implemented by the military government in December 1968. The AI-5 granted the President extensive powers to suppress political opposition and dissent, leading to a period of increased repression and censorship in Brazil.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the President of the Republic would have the power to close the Congress, intervene in the States, and suspend the political rights of any citizen. This is in reference to the Ato Institucional n.o 5 (AI-5) implemented by the military government in December 1968. The AI-5 granted the President extensive powers to suppress political opposition and dissent, leading to a period of increased repression and censorship in Brazil.

11. A reforma partidária, que implantou o pluripartidarismo no Brasil, no governo Figueiredo, tinha por objetivo

consolidar os resultados das eleições de 1974 que deram ampla vitória ao partido do governo, o PDS.

levar os liberais, concentrados no PP, para engrossar as fileiras do PRS e fortalecer o apoio ao governo.

quebrar o monopólio que o MDB exercia na oposição fragmentando-o em inúmeros partidos e evitando a sua ascensão ao poder.

revigorar o PDT para que esse pudesse enfrentar o PT nas eleições majoritárias.

The correct answer is that the party reform aimed to break the monopoly that the MDB had in the opposition by fragmenting it into numerous parties and preventing its rise to power. This suggests that the government wanted to weaken the opposition's influence and control by dividing it into smaller, less powerful factions. By doing so, they could maintain their own party's dominance and prevent the MDB from gaining significant political power.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the party reform aimed to break the monopoly that the MDB had in the opposition by fragmenting it into numerous parties and preventing its rise to power. This suggests that the government wanted to weaken the opposition's influence and control by dividing it into smaller, less powerful factions. By doing so, they could maintain their own party's dominance and prevent the MDB from gaining significant political power.

12. Com a renúncia de Jânio Quadros, setores militares resolveram impedir a posse do Vice-Presidente João Goulart. O Congresso e vários segmentos sociais, tendo à frente o governador Leonel Brizola do Rio Grande do Sul, desencadearam a mobilização popular e, diante da ameaça de guerra civil, contornou-se a questão com a emenda parlamentarista. Tais fatos dizem respeito a um importante acontecimento histórico dos anos 60, denominado:

Campanha das Diretas Já.

Campanha da Legalidade.

Milagre Brasileiro.

Abertura Democrática.

Queremismo.

The explanation for the correct answer, "Campanha da Legalidade," is that it refers to the events that took place in Brazil in the 1960s when President Jânio Quadros resigned and the military tried to prevent the Vice-President João Goulart from assuming power. The Congress and various social segments, led by Governor Leonel Brizola, mobilized the population to prevent a civil war. To resolve the situation, a parliamentary amendment was enacted, allowing Goulart to assume power as a prime minister rather than a president. This period became known as the "Campanha da Legalidade" or "Campaign of Legality."

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer, "Campanha da Legalidade," is that it refers to the events that took place in Brazil in the 1960s when President Jânio Quadros resigned and the military tried to prevent the Vice-President João Goulart from assuming power. The Congress and various social segments, led by Governor Leonel Brizola, mobilized the population to prevent a civil war. To resolve the situation, a parliamentary amendment was enacted, allowing Goulart to assume power as a prime minister rather than a president. This period became known as the "Campanha da Legalidade" or "Campaign of Legality."