Filosofia Para Ensino Médio

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Vamos testar nossos conhecimentos sobre filosofia.
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1. Você estudou que a Filosofia tem como objetivo principal o pensamento racional. Assinale a alternativa que melhor se identifica com esse pensamento:

Explanation

The correct answer (d) states that the main objective of philosophy is rational thinking, which is best identified with the knowledge of sciences that is understood as having progress and continuity. This aligns with the idea that philosophy seeks to understand the world through logical reasoning and the accumulation of knowledge, which is a characteristic of scientific inquiry. The other options (a) belief in religion, (b) mystical ecstasy, and (c) emotions, do not directly relate to the rational thinking that is the main objective of philosophy.

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2. Desde os primórdios da humanidade o mito está presente, inclusive nos dias atuais. A respeito desse conhecimento pode-se afirmar que:

Explanation

The given statement states that myths are based on beliefs and are associated with the supernatural. This explanation aligns with option (d), which states that myths are based on beliefs and identify with the supernatural. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

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3. "Zeus ocupa o trono do universo. Agora o mundo está ordenado. Os deuses disputaram entre si, alguns triunfaram. Tudo o que havia de ruim no céu etéreo foi expulso, ou para a prisão do Tártaro ou para a Terra, entre os mortais. E os homens, o que acontece com eles? Quem são eles?" (VERNANT, Jean-Pierre. O universo, os deuses, os homens. Trad. de Rosa Freire d'Aguiar. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2000. p. 56.) O texto acima é parte de uma narrativa mítica. Considerando que o mito pode ser uma forma de conhecimento, assinale a alternativa correta:

Explanation

The correct answer is (d) because the passage states that Zeus now occupies the throne of the universe and the world is ordered. The gods have competed with each other and the bad things in the celestial sky have been expelled. The passage then poses the question of what happens to humans and who they are. This suggests that the myth seeks to provide definitive explanations about humans and the world, and that its truth does not depend on proof. This aligns with the idea that myths are not based on empirical or scientific criteria, but rather on storytelling and symbolic interpretations.

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4. "Tales foi o iniciador da filosofia da physis, pois foi o primeiro a afirmar a existência de um princípio originário único, causa de todas as coisas que existem, sustentando que esse princípio é a água. Essa proposta é importantíssima... podendo com boa dose de razão ser qualificada como a primeira proposta filosófica daquilo que se costuma chamar civilização ocidental." (REALE, Giovanni. História da filosofia: Antigüidade e Idade Média. São Paulo: Paulus, 1990. p. 29.) A filosofia surgiu na Grécia, no século VI a.C. Seus primeiros filósofos foram os chamados pré-socráticos. De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa que expressa o principal problema por eles investigado.

Explanation

The given passage states that Thales was the initiator of the philosophy of physis, which is the study of the natural world and its principles. Thales proposed that water is the fundamental principle that is the cause of all things that exist. This proposal is considered significant and can be seen as the first philosophical proposition of what is commonly referred to as Western civilization. Therefore, the main problem investigated by the pre-Socratic philosophers, including Thales, was the cosmology, which is the study of the origin and order of the world.

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5. A filosofia é entendida como uma ciência universal que procura a razão mais fundamental, ou seja as causas primeiras de todas as coisas. Com relação ao conhecimento e às ciências, em confronto com a filosofia, é correto afirmar que:

Explanation

The correct answer is (b) because it states that philosophy uses common sense to intuit explanations about reality, but it is not the same as common sense. This means that while philosophy may draw on common sense, it goes beyond it and seeks to provide deeper and more reasoned explanations for the nature of reality.

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6. " Vivemos em um mundo que valoriza as aplicações imediatistas do conhecimento. O senso comum aplaude a pesquisa científica que visa a cura do câncer ou da AIDS (...) diante disso não é raro que alguém indague: Para que estudar filosofia se não vou precisar dela na minha vida profissional?" (ARRUDA ARANHA). Após ler a afirmação anterior, assinale a opção que menos se harmoniza com a reflexão sobre a utilidade da Filosofia:

Explanation

The given answer (c) states that Philosophy, like other sciences, is concerned with satisfying the concrete needs of human beings. However, the main difference lies in the timing of this concern. While science aims for immediate satisfaction, Philosophy's manifestation depends on the specific philosophical current being studied. This explanation highlights the distinction between the immediate practicality of science and the potential long-term impact of Philosophy in understanding and interpreting reality.

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7. Os super-heróis dos desenhos animados ou dos quadrinhos e os personagens (heróis) de filmes, são exemplos de mitos contemporâneos. Sobre essa questão marque a alternativa correta:

Explanation

The correct answer states that currently, we witness a myth that has an individual adherence to a content located in the backstage of our thoughts and that presents itself as the justifying motive for our actions to ourselves. This implies that contemporary myths are personal beliefs or ideas that influence how we perceive and justify our actions and decisions.

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8. A filosofia é entendida como uma ciência universal que procura a razão mais fundamental, ou seja as causas primeiras de todas as coisas. Com relação ao conhecimento e às ciências, em confronto com a filosofia, é correto afirmar que:

Explanation

The correct answer states that philosophy uses common sense but is not the same as common sense. This means that while philosophy may draw on everyday knowledge and beliefs, it goes beyond them to explore deeper questions and concepts. This distinguishes philosophy from common sense, as it involves critical thinking, analysis, and the pursuit of fundamental truths.

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9. "Filosofia é uma palavra que significa amor à sabedoria". Diante desse conceito etimológico, assinale a alternativa correta sobre esse significado:

Explanation

The correct answer (c) states that every person who loves wisdom is a philosopher, although not every philosopher necessarily loves wisdom. This means that the concept of philosophy goes beyond just the study and pursuit of wisdom, but also includes a love and passion for it. It acknowledges that not all individuals who study philosophy may have a genuine love for wisdom, but it is an essential characteristic of a true philosopher.

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10. Alguns teóricos ao tentar explicar o mito, explicam pela função que ele desempenha para as sociedades. Sobre a função do mito destaca-se:

Explanation

The correct answer is b. The function of the myth is to contribute to the collective consciousness, as personal balance depends on the predominance of the collective, which facilitates greater individual adaptation to tradition. This means that the myth serves to reinforce and maintain social norms and values, ensuring the cohesion and stability of the community. It helps individuals to understand their place within the group and guides their behavior accordingly.

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Você estudou que a Filosofia tem como objetivo principal o...
Desde os primórdios da humanidade o mito está presente,...
"Zeus ocupa o trono do universo. Agora o mundo está ordenado....
"Tales foi o iniciador da filosofia da physis, pois foi o primeiro a...
A filosofia é entendida como uma ciência universal que...
" Vivemos em um mundo que valoriza as aplicações imediatistas...
Os super-heróis dos desenhos animados ou dos quadrinhos e os...
A filosofia é entendida como uma ciência universal que...
"Filosofia é uma palavra que significa amor à...
Alguns teóricos ao tentar explicar o mito, explicam pela...
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