Absolutismo

According to mercantilist rules, gold was considered fundamental for the wealth of a kingdom. Mercantilism was an economic theory prevalent during the 16th to 18th centuries, which emphasized the accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of trade. Gold was seen as a symbol of wealth and power, and acquiring and hoarding gold was believed to increase a nation's economic strength. Therefore, the correct answer is b-) Ouro (gold).

The period of predominance of mercantilism is characterized by the significant accumulation of precious metals. This is because mercantilism emphasized the importance of a favorable balance of trade, where a country should export more than it imports in order to accumulate wealth. The accumulation of precious metals, such as gold and silver, was seen as a measure of a country's economic strength and power. Therefore, the correct answer is c) pela grande acumulação de metais preciosos.

The correct answer is d)A disposição de procurar e acumular metais preciosos. This answer suggests that "Bulionismo," "entesouramento," or "metalismo" refers to the practice of seeking and accumulating precious metals. This practice was characteristic of the mercantilist period in the early modern times.

The correct answer is a-) Poder amplamente centralizado nas mãos de um monarca e amplo aparato administrativo centrado no palácio. This option best defines the absolutist system of government because it states that power is extensively centralized in the hands of a monarch, meaning that the monarch has complete control over the government and decision-making process. Additionally, it mentions the presence of a large administrative apparatus centered in the palace, indicating that the monarch has a well-established bureaucracy to carry out their rule.

A resposta correta é a opção e) Impostos elevados cobrados pelo rei sem refletir lucro das especiarias, visto que estas estavam cada vez mais baratas. Isso significa que os impostos cobrados pelo rei eram altos, mas não correspondiam ao lucro obtido com a venda das especiarias, que estavam se tornando cada vez mais baratas. Isso era um problema para a burguesia, pois eles estavam pagando impostos elevados sem obter lucro suficiente em suas atividades comerciais.

During the Modern Age, the state intervention practices in the economy became known as mercantilism. These practices were characterized by the theories of mercantilism, which promoted protectionist policies and led to intense rivalry between European nations. This means that countries implemented policies to protect their own industries and promote exports, leading to competition and conflict between nations.

A concepção monetária preconizava a realização de reformas monetárias, com foco no ouro e prata, e o desenvolvimento do sistema de crédito, especialmente concedido à realeza. Isso significa que a política econômica mercantilista buscava fortalecer a moeda do país através de medidas como a cunhagem de moedas de metais preciosos, como ouro e prata, e a criação de um sistema de crédito que beneficiasse a nobreza e a realeza. Essas medidas visavam aumentar o poder econômico do Estado e garantir o controle sobre a economia.

The correct answer is France, Portugal, England, and Spain. These four kingdoms were directly involved in the emergence of absolutism. They experienced a shift towards centralized power and the concentration of authority in the hands of the monarchs. This led to the establishment of absolute monarchies in these countries, where the rulers held complete control over political, social, and economic affairs. Italy, Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Hungary, on the other hand, did not play a significant role in the development of absolutism.

The correct answer is related to Absolutism because it suggests the establishment of a severe punishment (death penalty) as a means to control and eliminate criminals. This aligns with the principles of Absolutism, which emphasized the concentration of power in a single ruler or monarch who had complete control over the state and its laws. The idea of using fear and punishment to maintain order and control is a characteristic of Absolutist regimes.