Poziom Operacyjny - Ochrona środowiska Morskiego

The correct answer is "reducenci (bakterie)". Biotic factors refer to living organisms that are part of the marine environment. Bacteria, specifically the decomposers or reducers, play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients in the marine ecosystem. They contribute to the overall balance and functioning of the ecosystem by decomposing dead organisms and organic waste, releasing essential nutrients back into the environment for other organisms to utilize.

Czynniki biotyczne to składniki środowiska morskiego, które są ożywione i mają wpływ na ekosystem. Konsumenci, czyli zwierzęta, są jednym z takich czynników biotycznych. Zwierzęta odgrywają ważną rolę w łańcuchu pokarmowym i wpływają na populacje innych organizmów w środowisku morskim. Dlatego są uważane za istotny element biotyczny w tym kontekście. Wiatr i światło, choć również istotne dla ekosystemu morskiego, są czynnikami abiotycznymi, ponieważ nie są ożywione.

The correct answer is "rośliny zielone (producenci)". This is because rośliny zielone, also known as producers, are living organisms that play a vital role in the marine ecosystem. They are able to convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, which forms the basis of the food chain. Without producers, other organisms in the marine environment would not have a source of energy to survive. Therefore, rośliny zielone are an important biotic factor in the marine environment.

The correct answer is "specjalne i pozostałe." The MARPOL Convention divides marine areas into special and other areas. This division is based on the level of environmental protection required in each area. Special areas are those where stricter regulations apply to prevent pollution, while other areas have less stringent requirements.

The correct answer is "aktualną listę kontaktową władz i osób, które należy zawiadomić o wypadku rozlewu olejowego". This is because an oil spill prevention plan should include a current contact list of authorities and individuals who need to be notified in case of an oil spill accident. This is important for prompt response and coordination of efforts to contain and mitigate the spill, as well as to comply with reporting requirements and ensure proper communication with relevant stakeholders. The other options, such as the minimum crew size and the amount of fuel on the ship, are not directly related to the prevention and response to oil spills.

Ballast water is a major source of introducing invasive species into new ecosystems. When ships take in ballast water in one port and discharge it in another, they also transport various organisms that are present in the water. These organisms can include bacteria, viruses, algae, and small invertebrates, which can have negative impacts on the local marine environment. Therefore, the correct answer states that ballast water is a threat to the marine environment due to the transfer of living organisms between ports.

The correct answer states that the combustion in incinerators can occur with the exception of ports, harbors, and river outlets. This implies that the burning of waste materials in incinerators is allowed in most areas, but not in locations near ports, harbors, and river outlets.

The correct answer states that the remnants of bulk dangerous goods of category X cannot be dumped into the sea. This means that it is not allowed to dispose of these remnants in the ocean.

The correct answer is "w aspekcie globalnym" because the MARPOL 73/78 convention is an international agreement that aims to prevent pollution of the seas by ships. It addresses the issue of protecting the marine environment on a global scale, rather than focusing on specific areas or selected waters such as the Baltic Sea. The convention sets out regulations and guidelines for the prevention of pollution from ships, including measures to control oil spills, sewage discharge, and the disposal of harmful substances. Its objective is to minimize the impact of shipping activities on the marine environment worldwide.

Removing fragmented glass into the sea is not permitted.

The correct answer is "nie może usuwać resztek ładunku do morza" which means "cannot discharge residue to the sea." This answer is supported by the statement that the tanker cannot remove residues to the sea. The other options mention conditions under which residue removal is allowed, but this answer states that it is not allowed at all. Therefore, the correct answer is that the tanker cannot discharge residue to the sea.

The correct answer is "sześć załączników" which means "six annexes" in English. The MARPOL 73/78 convention is an international agreement aimed at preventing pollution from ships. It consists of six annexes that address different types of marine pollution, such as oil spills, sewage, garbage, air emissions, and harmful substances. Each annex contains specific regulations and requirements for ships to follow in order to reduce their impact on the marine environment.

Eutrophication in marine waters is a serious threat to the proper and sustainable functioning of the marine ecosystem. It is caused by nitrogen and phosphorus compounds originating from land, which lead to excessive algal growth. This answer accurately identifies the main cause of eutrophication in marine waters as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from land, which result in intense algal blooms.

Odolejacze stosowane do oczyszczania wód zenzowych powinny mieć skuteczność co najmniej 15 ppm. This means that the odolejacze should be able to remove impurities from the water to a level of at least 15 parts per million. This ensures that the water is adequately purified and safe for use.

Czynniki klimatyczne takie jak temperatura, woda, światło, wiatr i ciśnienie są czynnikami abiotycznymi. Czynniki abiotyczne to te, które pochodzą z nieożywionej części środowiska i nie są związane z organizmami żywymi. W przeciwieństwie do czynników biotycznych, które są związane z organizmami żywymi, czynniki abiotyczne mają wpływ na środowisko, ale nie są sami organizmami. W tym przypadku, czynniki klimatyczne są abiotycznymi czynnikami, które wpływają na różne aspekty środowiska, takie jak temperatura i dostępność wody.

Annex VI of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, ratified in 2005, specifically deals with the prevention of air pollution from ships. It sets out regulations and requirements for limiting emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ship exhausts, as well as controlling the emission of ozone-depleting substances and volatile organic compounds. This annex aims to reduce the impact of ship emissions on the environment and human health by promoting the use of cleaner fuels, improving engine efficiency, and implementing emission control technologies.

The correct answer is "zawartość siarki w paliwie" which means "sulfur content in fuel" in English. Sulfur content in fuel is an important factor to consider as it directly affects the emissions produced by burning the fuel. Higher sulfur content leads to higher emissions of sulfur dioxide, which contributes to air pollution and acid rain. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and control the sulfur content in fuel to reduce environmental impacts.

The correct answer is "olejami". The given options list different types of pollution that are addressed in Annex I of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention. Annex I specifically deals with the prevention of pollution by oil.

The correct answer is "gospodarce wodami zaolejonymi w siłowni okrętowej" which translates to "management of oily waters in the ship's engine room." This suggests that the book contains information about how to handle and dispose of oily water in the engine room of a ship. It may include procedures for preventing pollution and maintaining a clean and efficient engine room.

In maritime law, the MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) is an international agreement that aims to prevent pollution from ships. Annex II of the MARPOL Convention specifically deals with the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk. The answer states that sludge oil from the ship's engine room can be burned in shipboard incinerators. This is because sludge oil falls under the category of substances covered by Annex II of the MARPOL Convention.

In the Oil Record Book - Part II, the operations related to oil-contaminated water in the ship's engine room are recorded. However, the correct answer is "operacje ładunkowe na zbiornikowcu" which means "cargo operations on a tanker". This suggests that the book is specifically used to record the cargo operations carried out on a tanker ship.