Set 6 : Sem I

The correct answer is pyrexia. Pyrexia refers to a systemic immune response of the body to an infection, characterized by an elevated body temperature or fever. This response helps the body fight off the infection by activating the immune system and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Tenderness, oedematous, and erythematous are not specific to a systemic immune response and may be present in other conditions as well.

Based on the given information, Puan M frequently cries and has terrifying dreams about her husband's death. This has been happening for the past two months. These symptoms suggest that Puan M is experiencing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a mental health condition that occurs after a traumatic event, such as the death of a loved one. The symptoms of PTSD include intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and emotional distress related to the traumatic event. Therefore, the correct answer is post traumatic stress disorder.

The immediate nursing action should be to stop the blood transfusion immediately. This is because the patient is experiencing symptoms such as back pain, feeling cold, and difficulty breathing, which could be indicative of a transfusion reaction or adverse event. Stopping the transfusion can help prevent further complications and allow for further assessment and intervention if necessary.

The purpose of performing skin prep before surgery is to prevent infection of the incision wound. By thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the skin in the surgical area, the risk of bacteria and other microorganisms entering the wound during the procedure is minimized. This helps to create a sterile environment and reduces the likelihood of post-operative infections, which can lead to complications and delayed healing.

The correct answer is assessment. In the first phase of the nursing process, assessment is conducted to gather data about the patient's health status, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. This involves collecting information through interviews, observations, and examinations to identify the patient's needs, problems, and strengths. Assessment is crucial as it provides the foundation for the subsequent phases of planning, implementation, and evaluation in the nursing process.

The suggestion to take the ferrous fumarate tablets with orange juice is because vitamin C helps in the absorption of iron. Orange juice is rich in vitamin C, so consuming it along with the iron tablets can enhance the absorption of iron in the body.

Orang awam adalah individu yang suka kepada semua ini, kecuali belaian yang manja. This statement suggests that the general public enjoys all of the mentioned things except for being pampered with affectionate caresses.

The correct answer is "ensure that the weight is 1 per 10 of the patient's body weight." This is because when applying Buck's traction to a patient with a hip fracture, it is important to ensure that the weight being used is appropriate and provides the necessary traction force. Using a weight that is 1 per 10 of the patient's body weight helps to maintain proper alignment and provide the necessary pull to reduce the fracture and relieve pain.

The correct answer is "memasukkan urinary catheter tanpa meminta kebenaran pesakit." This is because inserting a urinary catheter without obtaining the patient's consent is a violation of the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own body. Informed consent is a fundamental ethical principle in healthcare, and healthcare professionals should always obtain consent before performing any invasive procedure on a patient.

The main goal in treating children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. This is because AGE often leads to dehydration due to excessive fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea. By maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, the body can recover from dehydration and prevent further complications. Antibiotic therapy may not be necessary as AGE is usually caused by viral infections, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Preventing transmission of the infection and reducing diaper rash are also important, but they are not the primary goal in treating AGE.

Puan A has been instructed by the doctor to continue receiving intravenous infusion to maintain electrolyte balance after surgery under general anesthesia. The question asks for the number of drops per minute for an intravenous infusion regime of 6 pints in 24 hours. To calculate the number of drops per minute, we need to divide the total number of drops by the total number of minutes in 24 hours. Since there are 1440 minutes in 24 hours, dividing 6 pints (which is equal to 2880 drops) by 1440 minutes gives us 2 drops per minute. Therefore, the correct answer is 42 drops per minute.

Applying heat compress can help to reduce the pain and discomfort caused by breast engorgement. Heat can increase blood flow to the breasts, which can help to relieve swelling and promote milk flow.

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals may engage in excessive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive spending, risky sexual behavior, or excessive self-grooming and dressing up. This behavior of excessive self-grooming and dressing up is known as "berhias diri secara berlebihan" in Indonesian. It is a symptom of the manic phase and is characterized by an excessive focus on appearance and a heightened sense of self-importance.

One of the specific clinical manifestations of Hodgkin's Disease is the enlargement of lymph nodes. This is because Hodgkin's Disease is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that affects the lymphatic system. The abnormal growth of lymphocytes in Hodgkin's Disease can cause the lymph nodes to become enlarged and palpable. Therefore, the correct answer is "Pembesaran nodus-nodus limfa" which means "Enlargement of lymph nodes" in English.

Continuous endotracheal suctioning can lead to hypoxia. This is because the suctioning process can cause a decrease in oxygen levels in the patient's body. When the endotracheal tube is suctioned, it temporarily disrupts the airflow and can lead to a decrease in oxygen supply to the lungs. This can result in hypoxia, which is a condition characterized by low oxygen levels in the body.

Mikrob tumbuh dengan baik pada kadar kelembapan yang tinggi karena kelembapan yang cukup memungkinkan mikroorganisme untuk mendapatkan air yang dibutuhkan untuk metabolisme dan reproduksi mereka. Kelembapan yang tinggi juga dapat menciptakan kondisi yang lebih stabil dan optimal bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Sementara suhu yang terlalu rendah dapat memperlambat atau bahkan menghentikan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, mikrob tidak selalu membiak dengan baik pada medium yang berasid, dan mikrob yang memerlukan oksigen untuk pertumbuhan dikenal sebagai aerob, bukan anaerob.

The importance of continuous education in the field of nursing is to enhance knowledge in line with the advancements in science and technology. This is because the field of nursing is constantly evolving, and new research, techniques, and technologies are being introduced. By continuously updating their knowledge, nurses can provide the best possible care to their patients and stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field. This also ensures that nurses can adapt to changes and advancements in healthcare practices, ultimately improving the quality of patient care.

The correct answer is "Pengaliran gelombang bunyi melintasi middle ear." The ossicles in the middle ear, consisting of the malleus, incus, and stapes, play a crucial role in transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear. They amplify and transmit the vibrations of the eardrum caused by sound waves, allowing them to be processed by the cochlea in the inner ear. This process enables us to perceive and interpret sound.

In the event of a broken underwater seal bottle, the immediate nursing intervention would be to clamp the chest tube. This is because the chest tube helps to drain air or fluid from the pleural space, and if the bottle is broken, it can disrupt the seal and compromise the drainage system. By clamping the chest tube, it helps to prevent air or fluid from entering the pleural space, allowing for proper drainage and preventing further complications. The other options, such as providing oxygen, reporting to the doctor, and replacing the sterile bottle, may be necessary but are not the immediate intervention in this situation.

The primary goal of postnatal home visits for mothers is to assess the mother's health status. This involves evaluating her physical well-being, mental health, and overall recovery after childbirth. By conducting these assessments, healthcare professionals can identify any potential complications or issues that may arise during the postnatal period and provide appropriate care and support to ensure the mother's well-being.

The correct answer is "asesmen, masalah kejururawatan, perancangan, intervensi dan penilaian." This sequence follows the logical flow of the nursing process, which consists of assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the first step, where the nurse collects data about the patient's health status. Next, the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses or problems based on the assessment findings. Then, a plan is developed to address the identified problems. Implementation involves carrying out the planned interventions. Finally, the nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the interventions and makes any necessary adjustments.

The correct answer is "menentukan bila pesakit akan keluar hospital." This is because the question asks for activities that can be done during a reassessment, except for determining when the patient will be discharged from the hospital. The other options, such as providing nursing interventions, making progress reports on the patient, and making reports during nurse shift exchanges, are all activities that can be performed during a reassessment.

The given options are all clinical manifestations of a fracture, except for fat embolism. Deformity refers to a visible misalignment or abnormality in the affected area. Immobility refers to the inability to move or use the affected body part. Haematoma refers to localized bleeding and the formation of a blood clot. Fat embolism, on the other hand, is a potential complication of a fracture where fat globules enter the bloodstream and can block blood vessels, leading to respiratory and neurological symptoms.

The presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is the correct answer because HCG is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. It is commonly used as a marker to confirm pregnancy and can be detected in urine through a pregnancy test. In the context of investigating for the confirmation of hydatidiform mole pregnancy, the presence of HCG in the urine would indicate the presence of the abnormal growth of placental tissue, which is characteristic of a hydatidiform mole.

The hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles is follicle stimulating hormone. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. It stimulates the growth and development of these follicles, leading to ovulation. Prolactin hormone is responsible for milk production in the breasts, chorionic gonadotropin hormone is produced during pregnancy, and gonadotropin releasing hormone regulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland.

The Wallace's Rule of Nine is a method used to estimate the percentage of body surface area (BSA) affected by burns. According to this rule, each anterior lower limb is assigned 9% BSA, the chest and abdomen each account for 18% BSA. Since Puan Lina experienced burns on both anterior lower limbs, chest, and abdomen, the total BSA affected would be 36%.

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis should avoid lifting heavy objects as it can strain their joints and worsen their condition. This is because ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects the spine and can cause inflammation and stiffness in the joints. Lifting heavy objects can put additional stress on the already affected joints, leading to increased pain and discomfort. Therefore, it is important for patients with ankylosing spondylitis to avoid lifting heavy objects to prevent further damage to their joints.

The correct action to take when the intravenous infusion is not flowing is to check the puncture site of the branula. This means examining the area where the needle or catheter was inserted into the vein to ensure that it is not blocked or causing any obstruction. By checking the puncture site, any issues or problems can be identified and addressed, allowing the infusion to flow properly.

The Malaysian Nurses Association is responsible for safeguarding the welfare of nurses in Malaysia. They work towards promoting the professional development, rights, and interests of nurses in the country. This association plays a crucial role in advocating for better working conditions, fair remuneration, and career advancement opportunities for nurses. They also provide support and resources to enhance the quality of nursing education and practice in Malaysia.

After undergoing a bronchoscopy procedure, patients are allowed to drink when their gag reflex has recovered. This means that the patient's ability to swallow without choking or gagging has returned to normal. This is an important indication that the patient's airway is clear and they can safely consume fluids without the risk of aspiration. It is crucial for the patient's safety and comfort that their gag reflex has fully returned before they are allowed to drink.

The correct answer is to keep the bladder full. This is because a full bladder helps to provide a better visualization of the pelvic organs during a pelvic ultrasonography.

Nurses can enhance their intrinsic motivation by seeing the progress of patients' recovery. This can provide them with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction in their work, as they can witness the positive impact they have on the health and well-being of their patients. Seeing tangible results and improvements in patients' conditions can serve as a powerful motivator for nurses to continue providing excellent care and strive for better outcomes.

The basic agents of socialization are the people or groups that have the most influence on an individual's social development. In this case, the correct answer is "keluarga" which means family in English. Family plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors from a young age. They provide the first social interactions and teach important social norms and values. Therefore, studying sociology is important in order to understand and navigate society, and the family is a fundamental agent of socialization.

The correct answer is "menunjukkan kefahaman tindakbalas fisiologi dan psikologi" which translates to "demonstrating understanding of physiological and psychological responses". This answer suggests that the goal of pre-operative management is to have a comprehensive understanding of how the patient's body and mind will respond to the surgery. This understanding can help healthcare professionals anticipate and address any potential complications or challenges during the operation.

Flail chest is a condition characterized by multiple rib fractures, causing a segment of the chest wall to become detached from the rest of the chest. This results in paradoxical chest movement, where the affected segment moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during breathing. Dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypotension may also be present in flail chest due to the associated lung contusions, impaired ventilation, and possible internal bleeding. However, the most distinctive clinical manifestation of flail chest is the paradoxical chest movement.

Muscle relaxants are agents used to reduce tension in muscles during surgical procedures. Sedatives are used to induce relaxation and sleep, but they do not specifically target muscle tension. Analgesics are pain relievers and do not directly address muscle tension either. Tranquilizers are used to reduce anxiety and promote calmness, but they do not have a specific effect on muscle tension. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for reducing muscle tension during surgery is muscle relaxants.

The correct answer is "sebagai bronchodilator." Ubat ini bertindak sebagai bronchodilator, yang bermaksud ia membantu melebarkan salur pernafasan dalam paru-paru. Ini membantu mengurangkan kesesakan nafas yang disebabkan oleh serangan asthma dengan melegakan otot-otot saluran pernafasan.

The given statement suggests that individual performance improvement depends on characteristics such as knowledge, skills, experience, and personality. This aligns with the concept of competence, which refers to an individual's ability to perform tasks effectively and efficiently. Competence plays a crucial role in motivating individuals to enhance their performance and achieve their goals.

The correct answer is "mengesan awal pesakit mental." This is because the primary prevention of mental illness aims to detect early signs and symptoms of mental illness. By identifying these signs early on, appropriate interventions and treatments can be implemented to prevent the progression of the illness and promote better mental health outcomes. Detecting mental illness at an early stage also allows for timely support and assistance for individuals experiencing mental health challenges.

The given information states that Puan Z is receiving 7 pints of intravenous infusion in 24 hours and her central venous pressure (CVP) reading is 12cm H2O. Puan Z also frequently coughs and complains of shortness of breath. Based on these facts, it can be inferred that Puan Z is experiencing hypervolemia, which refers to an excessive volume of fluid in the bloodstream. This condition can cause symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath.

The correct answer is "memberi sokongan kepada pesakit menghadapi pembedahan." This is because providing psychological preparation to the patient helps in supporting them emotionally and mentally to face the surgery. It helps alleviate anxiety, fear, and stress related to the procedure, and promotes a positive mindset, which can contribute to better outcomes and faster recovery.

Antimicrobial agents are used to treat burns and scalds. These agents are effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. By using antimicrobial agents on burn and scald wounds, the risk of infection is reduced, and the healing process is facilitated.

The correct answer is to check the fluctuation of the water seal level. This is because the patient is experiencing difficulty in breathing after the chest tube has been inserted. Checking the fluctuation of the water seal level is important as it can indicate if there is any air leak or if the chest tube is functioning properly. By monitoring the water seal level, healthcare professionals can assess the effectiveness of the treatment and make any necessary adjustments or interventions.

The correct answer is atrial septal defect. Atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where there is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This condition occurs when the foramen ovale, a normal opening between the atria during fetal development, fails to close after birth. This allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, causing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and increased risk of complications like heart failure or stroke.

Emphysema is a condition where the walls of the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs, are destroyed. This destruction leads to difficulty in breathing as the alveoli lose their elasticity and ability to expand and contract properly. As a result, the lungs are not able to efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to shortness of breath and other respiratory symptoms. Therefore, emphysema is the correct answer as it explains the given statement about the patient experiencing difficulty in breathing due to the destruction of alveoli walls.

The correct answer is purkinje fibers. Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses rapidly throughout the ventricles, allowing for coordinated and synchronized contraction of the ventricular muscle. They play a crucial role in the propagation of the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the ventricles, ensuring efficient pumping of blood out of the heart.

The correct answer is "gaster." This is because the digestion of proteins into peptides begins in the stomach, which is referred to as "gaster" in the given options. The stomach secretes gastric juices, including pepsin, which breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. Therefore, the digestion of proteins into peptides initiates in the stomach or gaster.

The correct answer is "mengekalkan kebersihan perineum." This is because after undergoing a radical vagina hysterectomy, it is important for the patient to maintain cleanliness in the perineal area. This helps prevent infections and promotes healing. Keeping the perineum clean can be achieved through regular washing and proper hygiene practices.

The correct answer is "cerebrum dan cerebellum." The tentorium cerebelli is a thick, crescent-shaped fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum (the largest part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions) from the cerebellum (located at the back of the brain and involved in motor control and coordination). This structure acts as a partition, preventing the cerebellum from compressing the cerebrum and providing support to both structures.

After a bone marrow aspiration procedure, it is important to apply pressure to the puncture site for 15 minutes. This helps to prevent bleeding and promote clotting at the site. Applying pressure can also help to reduce the risk of hematoma formation and minimize the patient's discomfort. Therefore, providing pressure to the puncture site is the appropriate nursing intervention in this case.