Soal Biologi Jamur Quiz 1

Zygomycota is the correct answer because this group of fungi is known for forming zygospores. Zygomycota fungi reproduce sexually by forming zygosporangia, which contain zygospores. This group includes common fungi like bread molds and black molds. Ascomycota, Deuteromycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota are other groups of fungi, but they do not specifically form zygospores like Zygomycota does.

Jamur Rhizopus oryzae adalah yang menguntungkan.

The correct answer is "Jamur adalah nomor 2, 3, 6, 8 dan tanaman adalah nomor 1, 4, 5, 7." This is because the characteristics listed for jamur (fungi) include not having chlorophyll, having a cell wall made of chitin, being formed from hyphae, and being heterotrophic. On the other hand, the characteristics listed for tumbuhan (plants) include having chlorophyll, having a cell wall made of cellulose, being formed from cells, tissues, and organs, and being autotrophic.

Jamur memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri seperti eukariotik, memiliki dinding sel, bersifat heterotrof, dan ada yang memiliki zat warna. Namun, jamur tidak memiliki klorofil. Klorofil adalah pigmen hijau yang ditemukan dalam tumbuhan dan alga, yang berperan dalam proses fotosintesis. Jamur tidak melakukan fotosintesis seperti tumbuhan dan alga, sehingga tidak memiliki klorofil.

The given structure of the fungus resembles a basidiocarp, which is the reproductive structure of fungi that produce basidiospores. Basidiospores are sexual spores produced by basidiomycetes, a group of fungi that includes mushrooms. Therefore, the correct answer is "spora seksual basidiospora."

The correct answer is that the role of fungi in the industrial field includes utilization in the production of bread, tempeh, antibiotics, and animal feed. This means that all options A, B, C, and D are correct.

The correct answer is 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c. This is because Rhizopus oryzae is used in the production of tempe, not tapai. Saccharomyces cerreviceae is used in the production of tapai. Aspergillus wentii has no mention of being used as a vegetable in food. Auricularia polytricha is used in the production of kecap.

The excessive use of chemicals that damage the ecosystem can have several negative impacts, such as disrupting the balance of the ecosystem on Earth, hindering the decomposition of organic matter into inorganic substances, and causing an imbalance in ecological conditions. However, it is unlikely that all types of plants and fungi would become more fertile as a result. This answer contradicts the negative effects mentioned earlier and does not align with the expected consequences of damaging the environment with chemicals.

This answer states that hifa senositik means "hifa without septa that contains many nuclei." This suggests that hifa senositik refers to a type of fungal hyphae that lacks septa, which are cross walls dividing the hyphae into individual cells, and instead contains multiple nuclei within its cytoplasm.

The correct answer is askospora. Askospora is the sexual spore in Ascomycota, which is a phylum of fungi. Ascomycota reproduce sexually by forming a specialized structure called an ascus, inside which the askospora are produced. These spores are involved in the sexual reproduction and dispersal of the fungi.

When two different hyphae in Zygomycota undergo conjugation, they form a structure called zigospora. This structure is a result of the fusion of the cytoplasm and nuclei of the two hyphae. The zigospora serves as a resting structure that protects the genetic material until favorable conditions for germination occur.

The correct answer is Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Deuteromycota, and Basidiomycota. This is because Claviceps purpurea belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, Rhizopus nigricans belongs to the phylum Zygomycota, Microsporum belongs to the phylum Deuteromycota, and Volvariella volvaceae belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota. Each of these fungi has different characteristics and reproductive structures, which determine their classification into different phyla.

The correct answer is A, C, D. The question asks for the types of fungi that belong to the Zygomycota group. Mucor mucedo, Rhizopus oryzae, and Rhizopus nigricans are all examples of fungi that belong to the Zygomycota group. Puccinia graminis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae belong to different groups and are not Zygomycota fungi.

The correct answer is "cara reproduksi seksual belum diketahui" because Deuteromycetes, also known as imperfect fungi, are characterized by the absence of a known sexual reproductive phase. This means that the sexual reproduction method of these fungi is still unknown or has not been observed.

The given options describe different methods of sexual reproduction in fungi. Fragmentation of mycelium is not a method of sexual reproduction, but rather a method of asexual reproduction in fungi. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it does not involve the sexual reproduction of fungi.

The characteristics mentioned in options 2 and 4 are specific to Ascomycota fungi. Ascomycota fungi have non-septate hyphae (characteristic 1) and their conidiophores form conidia (characteristic 2). They reproduce asexually through conidiospores (characteristic 4). Therefore, options 2 and 4 are the correct answer because they include the characteristics unique to Ascomycota fungi.

A septum is a barrier or partition that separates different parts of a fungal hypha. It helps to compartmentalize the hypha and control the flow of nutrients and other substances between different sections. This allows for efficient distribution of resources and helps to prevent the spread of infections or damage within the fungus.

The correct answer is "hidup saprofit, tidak berklorofil, berkembangbiak dengan basidium." This is because all the given types of mushrooms (jamur kuping, jamur kayu, jamur merang, jamur payung) share the characteristics of being saprophytic (living off decaying organic matter), not having chlorophyll (thus unable to perform photosynthesis), and reproducing through basidium (a specialized structure for spore production).

The correct answer is "liken". Lichen is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic microorganisms, such as algae or cyanobacteria. In this relationship, the fungi provide a protective environment and nutrients to the microorganisms, while the microorganisms produce food through photosynthesis. This mutualistic relationship allows both organisms to benefit and thrive in their environment.

The correct answer is 5. Saccharomyces cereviceae is a unicellular fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. This fungus is commonly known as baker's yeast and is used in baking and brewing industries. Unlike most other members of the Ascomycota phylum, Saccharomyces cereviceae exists as single-celled organisms rather than multicellular structures.

The correct answer is 4 because Puccinia graminis produces basidiospores, not askospores.

The correct answer is E dengan 1. The picture shows a mushroom with a volva at the base, which is a characteristic feature of mushrooms belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum. Volvariella volvaceae is a species of mushroom that belongs to the Basidiomycota phylum and has a volva at the base. Therefore, the correct pairing is E dengan 1.

The correct answer is konidiospora. Konidiospora refers to a type of asexual spore produced by fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum. These spores are formed externally on specialized structures called conidiophores and are typically single-celled. They are responsible for the dispersal and reproduction of the fungus.

Saccharomyces cerreviceae melakukan reproduksi aseksual dengan cara pertunasan. Pertunasan adalah proses reproduksi aseksual di mana organisme menghasilkan tunas atau tunas kecil yang kemudian tumbuh menjadi organisme yang mandiri. Dalam kasus Saccharomyces cerreviceae, tunas baru terbentuk pada sel induk dan kemudian tumbuh menjadi individu yang terpisah.

Apel yang rusak mengandung Venturia inaequalis yang merupakan jamur yang dapat menghasilkan toksin yang merusak makanan.

The correct answer is miselium vegetatif. The vegetative mycelium is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the environment. It is composed of a network of hyphae that spread out and penetrate the substrate, breaking it down and absorbing the nutrients. The spores are reproductive structures, while the generative mycelium is involved in sexual reproduction. Houstorium is a specialized structure found in parasitic fungi, and septum is a wall that separates individual cells in the mycelium.

Lumut kerak melakukan reproduksi aseksual dengan menggunakan soredia. Soredia adalah struktur yang terbentuk dari fragmen-fragmen lumut kerak yang mengandung ganggang dan jamur. Soredia ini dapat terlepas dari lumut kerak dan tersebar ke tempat lain. Ketika soredia jatuh di tempat yang sesuai, mereka dapat tumbuh menjadi individu baru tanpa melalui proses perkawinan atau pembentukan spora. Dengan demikian, reproduksi aseksual dengan menggunakan soredia memungkinkan lumut kerak untuk menghasilkan keturunan tanpa memerlukan pasangan atau proses perkawinan.

Jamur dapat membantu dalam menjaga ketersediaan air dalam interaksi mutualistik dengan mikroorganisme fotosintetik. Dalam hubungan ini, jamur membentuk simbiosis dengan tumbuhan, di mana jamur membentuk jaringan yang disebut miselium di sekitar akar tumbuhan. Miselium ini dapat menyerap air dan nutrisi dari tanah, serta membantu mengirimkan ke tumbuhan. Dengan demikian, jamur membantu menjaga ketersediaan air bagi tumbuhan dalam lingkungan yang kering atau kurang air.

The given characteristics describe the features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as yeast. It is a unicellular fungus that reproduces through cell division, budding, and conjugation. It also has the ability to perform fermentation. However, the statement "Hifanya berdiferensiasi menjadi konidiofora yang ujungnya terbentuk konidiospora" does not apply to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This statement refers to the differentiation of hyphae into conidiophores, which then produce conidiospores. Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not produce conidiospores, so it does not possess this characteristic.

The correct answer is "A dan B benar" because the characteristics mentioned in the question, such as producing sporangium with spores inside, aseptate hyphae, and spore color being black-brown, are characteristics of both Deuteromycota and Zygomycota. Therefore, the fungus observed can belong to either of these two phyla.