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The OSI model divides the process of internetworking into 7 layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.

The given options are all types of computer network topologies except for "branch". A branch is not a recognized type of network topology. The other options, such as bus, star, ring, and tree, are all well-known and commonly used network topologies.

Topologi adalah susunan lintasan aliran data di dalam jaringan yang secara fisik menghubungkan simpul yang satu dengan yang lain.

The purpose of designing and building a computer network is to ensure that information is delivered accurately and precisely from the sender to the receiver. This involves establishing reliable connections, implementing efficient protocols, and ensuring data integrity. By achieving this objective, the network enables seamless communication and effective data transfer between different devices and users.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a software utility that is used to automatically assign IP addresses to computers on a network. DHCP simplifies the process of configuring network settings by dynamically allocating IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and other network parameters to devices. This eliminates the need for manual IP address configuration, making it more efficient and convenient for network administrators.

A protocol refers to the set of rules and procedures that govern the exchange of data between devices in a network. It ensures that data is transmitted and received correctly, and defines how devices communicate with each other. Protocols define standards for data formatting, error detection and correction, authentication, and other aspects of network communication. Therefore, protocol is the correct answer as it accurately describes the rules and procedures used in data exchange within a network.

A computer that is not connected to a network is referred to as a "stand alone" computer. This means that it operates independently and does not rely on any other computers or servers for its functionality. It is not part of a network or connected to any other devices, and therefore does not have the ability to share resources or communicate with other computers.

The correct answer is "Semua benar" which means "All of the above" in English. This means that all of the mentioned benefits can be obtained from a computer network, including sharing resources, integrating data, centralizing application programs, and ensuring data security.

A network that consists of a collection of LANs in a city and provides high-speed data transfer is known as a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). MANs are designed to cover a larger geographical area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. They are commonly used to connect multiple LANs within a city or metropolitan area, allowing for efficient communication and data sharing between different locations.

The correct answer is "White orange – orange - white green – blue - white blue - green – white brown - brown". This answer follows the international standard for straight cabling in computer networks. The color sequence matches the standard T568B wiring scheme, which is commonly used for Ethernet connections.

The given answer is T568A because it is a type of UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable wiring standard. T568A is one of the two common wiring standards used for Ethernet cables. It specifies the pin assignments for the individual wires in the cable, ensuring that the cables are wired consistently for proper communication between devices.

The correct answer is Ad Hoc. Ad Hoc is a model of peer-to-peer connection that can be established using wireless technology. In this model, devices can directly communicate with each other without the need for a centralized infrastructure, such as a router or access point. This allows for a more flexible and decentralized network setup, making it suitable for temporary or ad hoc situations where a traditional infrastructure is not available or necessary.

DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a system that translates domain names (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses (such as 192.168.0.1). This translation is necessary because computers communicate using IP addresses, but humans find it easier to remember domain names. DNS servers maintain a database of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and other resources on the internet using easy-to-remember domain names. Therefore, DNS is the correct answer as it is the system that allows host names to be translated into IP addresses.

The given IP address 10.208.15.240 in binary form is 00001010.11010000.00001111.11110000.

The given correct answer for this question is "Tree". The image shown represents a network topology where multiple devices are connected in a hierarchical structure. In a tree topology, devices are connected in a way that resembles the branches of a tree, with a central root node and multiple levels of branches. This topology allows for easy expansion and scalability, as new devices can be added as new branches to the existing structure.

The correct answer is "ipconfig". The command "ipconfig" is used to view the configuration of the IP address on a computer. It displays information such as the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers. This command is commonly used in troubleshooting network connectivity issues and verifying network settings.

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol used for transferring files or computer data between machines in a network. FTP allows users to upload, download, and manage files on a remote server. It provides a reliable and efficient way to transfer files over a network, making it a suitable choice for tasks such as website maintenance, large file transfers, and data backups.

The correct answer is Network Layer. The Network Layer is responsible for providing routing functions in the OSI model. It receives data from the Transport Layer and encapsulates it into packets. These packets contain the necessary information for routing the data across different networks. Therefore, the Network Layer plays a crucial role in ensuring that data is properly routed from the source to the destination in a network.

Data pada layer data-link berbentuk "Frames" karena layer data-link bertanggung jawab untuk mengatur pengiriman data antara dua node yang terhubung dalam jaringan. Frames adalah unit data yang dikirimkan melalui jaringan dan berisi informasi seperti alamat sumber dan tujuan, pemeriksaan kesalahan, dan data sebenarnya yang akan dikirim. Frames memastikan pengiriman data yang handal dan efisien melalui jaringan.

The given binary address, 10110000.00001111.11110000.00001100, falls under class B. Class B addresses have the first two bits set to 10, which is true for the given address. Class B addresses have a network portion of 16 bits and a host portion of 16 bits, which matches the given address format.

The correct answer is "time to live." In networking, "ttl" stands for "time to live," which refers to the maximum amount of time or number of hops that a packet can take before it is discarded or considered expired. This value is decremented by each router that the packet passes through, and if it reaches zero, the packet is dropped. The "time to live" value helps to prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in a network.

The correct answer is Straight Cable. In a network setup where an Access Point needs to be connected to a HUB/Switch, a Straight Cable is the most appropriate choice. A Straight Cable is used to connect different types of devices, such as a computer to a switch or a router to a switch. It has the same pin configuration on both ends, allowing for a direct connection between devices without the need for any crossover or swapping of wires.

A hotspot is a designated location where individuals can access the internet using Wi-Fi enabled devices. It is a wireless network that allows users to connect to the internet without the need for physical cables. Hotspots are commonly found in public areas such as cafes, airports, and hotels, where users can connect their devices to the internet for free or for a fee.

Topologi bus memungkinkan pengembangan jaringan atau penambahan workstation baru dilakukan dengan mudah tanpa mengganggu workstation lain. Hal ini karena setiap workstation terhubung ke jalur utama yang sama, sehingga tidak perlu merusak atau memodifikasi koneksi yang sudah ada. Dengan demikian, topologi bus memberikan fleksibilitas dalam mengembangkan jaringan tanpa mengganggu operasional workstation yang sudah ada.

The correct answer is the Transport Layer. The Transport Layer is responsible for defining reliable ways of transmitting data between end-to-end hosts. It ensures that data is delivered accurately and in the correct order, using protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). This layer also handles error detection and correction, flow control, and congestion control to ensure efficient and reliable data transmission.

The answer is correct because it accurately describes the meaning of "Unreliable" in Internet Protocol. The statement explains that the IP protocol does not guarantee that the datagram sent will definitely reach its destination. This implies that there is a possibility of data loss or failure in delivery.

The given IP address, 249.119.120.1, falls under Class E. Class E IP addresses are reserved for experimental and research purposes and are not intended to be used in regular networks.

The correct answer is 172.10.1.254. This is the correct format for an IP address, with four octets separated by periods. Each octet should be a number between 0 and 255.

The given options are all top-level domains (TLDs) except for "yahoo.com". TLDs are the highest level of domain names in the hierarchical Domain Name System (DNS) structure. They are typically used to denote the purpose or geographic location of a website. ".id", ".tk", ".ga", and ".us" are examples of TLDs, while "yahoo.com" is a second-level domain (SLD) which falls under the ".com" TLD. SLDs are the next level down in the DNS hierarchy and are used to identify specific websites or organizations.

The correct answer is "berbagi user (brainware)". This is because the characteristics of computer networks include sharing hardware, sharing software, sharing communication channels (internet), and sharing data easily. However, sharing users (brainware) is not a characteristic of computer networks. Users are individual entities that interact with the network, but they are not shared among multiple networks.

The given correct answer is "Loopback Address". The loopback address (127.0.0.1) is used to test network software on the local host or computer itself. It allows the software to send and receive data without any physical network connection. This address is often used for troubleshooting and debugging purposes, as it ensures that the software is functioning correctly within the local environment.

Topologi ring memiliki keuntungan bahwa tidak akan terjadi collision. Dalam topologi ini, setiap komputer terhubung secara langsung dengan dua komputer lainnya, membentuk sebuah lingkaran. Data dikirimkan dalam bentuk paket yang bergerak searah jarum jam di sepanjang lingkaran. Karena setiap komputer hanya menerima paket yang ditujukan untuknya, tidak akan terjadi collision di dalam topologi ring.

The Data-link Layer is responsible for receiving media devices in the form of Mac Addressing. This layer is responsible for the transmission of data packets between adjacent network nodes and ensures that the data is delivered error-free. It also handles the addressing of devices on the network using MAC addresses.

A network card is a device that connects a computer to a network. It is responsible for sending and receiving data packets over the network. It acts as an interface between the computer and the network, allowing the computer to communicate with other devices on the network. A network card is essential for a computer to connect to a network and access resources such as the internet.

The given IP address is in the form of binary numbers, which are divided into four groups separated by periods. The host portion of the IP address is determined by the last group of binary numbers. In this case, the last group is "00001100", which is equal to 12 in decimal form. Therefore, the host of the given IP address is 12.

In thin-ethernet using RG-58 coaxial cable, the minimum length required for each segment is 18 inches.

The given IP address is 44.132.1.20 and the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. This means that the first two octets (44.132) are the network address and the last two octets (1.20) are the host address. To find the broadcast address, we need to change all the host bits to 1. In this case, the host bits are in the last two octets. So, the broadcast address will be 44.132.255.255, as it has all the host bits set to 1.

The given answer states that if a cable is cut or a node is damaged or crashed, the network will be paralyzed. This means that the network will not be able to function properly if there is a disruption in the cables or if one or more nodes are not operational. This is a characteristic of a star topology, as it relies on the central hub or switch to connect all the nodes. If there is a failure in the hub/switch or any of the connections, the network will be affected.

The given options are all protocols that operate at the application layer in the TCP/IP model, except for TCP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transport layer protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), Telnet, and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) are all application layer protocols used for specific purposes such as email transfer, file transfer, remote login, and web browsing, respectively. Therefore, TCP is the correct answer as it operates at the transport layer, not the application layer.

A bridge is a network device that connects two or more networks of the same or different types. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and is used to forward data packets between networks. In this case, a bridge is the correct answer because it specifically mentions connecting one network to another network of the same class or type. A hub, router, workstation, and network interface card do not have the same functionality as a bridge in this context.