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Hak asasi manusia harus dihormati karena setiap individu memiliki hak-hak yang melekat pada dirinya sebagai manusia. Menghormati hak asasi manusia berarti mengakui dan menghargai kebebasan, kesetaraan, dan martabat setiap individu tanpa diskriminasi. Hal ini penting untuk menciptakan masyarakat yang adil, beradab, dan demokratis, di mana semua orang dapat hidup dengan damai dan bebas dari penindasan.

The correct answer is demokrasi. Demokrasi refers to a form of government where power is held by the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives. This system ensures that the government is made up of and accountable to the people it governs. The phrase "Pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat" translates to "Government of the people, by the people, for the people," which is a well-known definition of democracy.

In the history of Indonesia's constitutionalism, all the constitutions that have been in effect have embraced the principle of democracy. This means that the country's governance is based on the participation of the people, where decisions are made through a process of consensus and majority rule. Democracy allows for the protection of individual rights and freedoms, promotes equality, and encourages the involvement of citizens in the political process.

The correct answer is "memaksakan kehendak kepada orang lain" because forcing one's will onto others goes against the principles of democracy, which emphasize equal rights, individual freedom, and the importance of consensus-building through dialogue and negotiation. In a democratic society, decisions are made collectively and power is shared among the people, rather than being imposed by a single individual or group.

The correct answer is "memaksakan pendapat dalam pengambilan keputusan". This behavior goes against the principles of democracy as it involves forcing one's opinion on others during decision-making processes. In a democratic society, decisions are ideally made through open and inclusive discussions, where everyone's opinions are respected and considered. Forcing one's opinion disregards the principles of equality and fairness in decision-making, which are essential aspects of democracy.

One element of the norms of courtesy that apply in society is etiquette or social ethics. This refers to the accepted rules and behaviors that govern social interactions and relationships. Etiquette includes manners, politeness, respect, and consideration for others. It involves knowing how to behave appropriately in different social situations and showing proper respect for others' feelings and boundaries. Following etiquette helps to create a harmonious and respectful social environment.

The correct answer is "eksternal". The question asks for factors that come from outside of a person that drive them or a group to commit human rights violations. "Eksternal" means external, indicating that these factors originate from sources outside of the individual or group.

The correct answer is pencemaran lingkungan because it is the only option that refers to a mild violation of human rights. The other options, such as pembunuhan (murder), penganiayaan (assault), pemerkosaan (rape), and perampokan (robbery), are all serious crimes that involve direct harm to individuals. Pencemaran lingkungan, on the other hand, refers to the pollution or contamination of the environment, which although still a violation, is considered to be a less severe offense compared to the others mentioned.

One of the internal factors that cause human rights violations is a high level of selfishness. This means that individuals prioritize their own interests and disregard the rights and well-being of others. This selfish attitude can lead to actions that infringe upon the rights of others and contribute to human rights violations.

The correct answer is "internal". Faktor-faktor yang berasal dari diri pelaku pelanggar HAM refers to factors that originate from the perpetrator of human rights violations. These factors are internal to the individual and may include personal beliefs, attitudes, motivations, or biases that contribute to their actions.

The correct answer is "pribadi" because personal rights refer to individual rights and freedoms that are inherent to every person, such as the right to life, liberty, and privacy. These rights are related to one's personal autonomy and are protected by laws and regulations.

The given question asks for the factor that is not an internal cause of human rights violations. The options provided include individualistic interests, high egoism, lack of tolerance, low awareness of human rights, and the strictness of law enforcement agencies. Among these options, the strictness of law enforcement agencies is not an internal factor. It refers to the external factor of the legal system and its enforcement, which may or may not contribute to human rights violations. Internal factors, on the other hand, pertain to individual attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that may lead to human rights violations.

According to John Locke, one of the natural rights of humans is the right to live. This means that every individual has the inherent right to exist and be free from any harm or threat to their life. This right encompasses the idea that every person should have the opportunity to live a fulfilling and meaningful life, with access to basic necessities such as food, water, and shelter. It emphasizes the importance of preserving and protecting human life as a fundamental aspect of society.

The mass movement led by students demanding President Soeharto's resignation occurred during the Orde Baru period. This period refers to the authoritarian regime in Indonesia led by Soeharto from 1966 to 1998. The movement was a significant event in Indonesian history and eventually led to Soeharto's resignation in 1998.

The correct answer is "buy rights". This is because "buy rights" is not a recognized category of human rights. Human rights are typically categorized into civil and political rights, economic and social rights, and cultural rights. "Buy rights" does not fit into any of these categories and is not recognized as a fundamental human right.

The correct answer is Pancasila. Pancasila is the foundation and guiding philosophy of the Indonesian state. It consists of five principles: belief in one God, just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by consensus, and social justice for all Indonesians. Pancasila is not only the basis for the development and implementation of democracy in Indonesia, but it also serves as a moral compass for the nation, promoting harmony, tolerance, and diversity.

Giving wages to the unemployed is not a solution to the problem of labor force. It may temporarily alleviate the financial burden of the unemployed individuals, but it does not address the underlying issue of unemployment. The other options mentioned in the question, such as improving education, enacting new labor laws, expanding job opportunities, and providing information on employment, are more effective ways to tackle the problem of labor force.

A country can be called a democratic country if the following things happen in the government, except for the lack of fair income distribution. In a democratic country, the people have equality before the law, the opportunity to participate in decision-making, receive a decent income, and have responsible freedom.

The given correct answer is Pancasila. The statement suggests that one of the characteristics of democracy is the implementation of freedom that is morally accountable to God, oneself, and others. Pancasila is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, which promotes democracy, social justice, and unity among diverse groups of people. It emphasizes the importance of individual responsibility and accountability, as well as respect for others' rights and freedoms. Therefore, Pancasila aligns with the idea of moral accountability in a democratic society.

The correct answer is "kelalaian dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan" because it refers to negligence in providing healthcare services, which is a form of mild human rights violation. This can include failure to provide adequate medical treatment, neglecting patients' needs, or not ensuring proper healthcare facilities and services are available. Such negligence can lead to harm, suffering, or even death of individuals, violating their right to health and well-being.

The correct answer is "wujudnya". This refers to the classification of law based on its form or nature. It distinguishes between written and unwritten laws. Written laws are those that are formally codified and documented, while unwritten laws are based on customs, traditions, and judicial decisions. This classification helps in understanding the sources and characteristics of different legal systems.

The given answer, "melindungi hak asasi orang lain" (protecting the human rights of others), is not a type of human right that should be respected and guaranteed by the state or every citizen. The other options, such as the right to continue one's lineage, the right to education, the right to healthcare, and the right to employment, are all examples of human rights that should be respected and fulfilled. However, protecting the human rights of others is more of a responsibility or duty rather than a specific right that one is entitled to.

The correct answer is "kewajiban asasi". This answer is correct because it refers to the respect, guarantee, and protection of the rights of others. "Kewajiban" means obligation or duty, and "asasi" means fundamental or basic. Therefore, "kewajiban asasi" refers to the fundamental duty or obligation to respect and protect the basic rights of others, which aligns with the concept of human rights.

The correct answer is Pancasila. This is because the question is asking about the source of the moral value of decision-making through consensus in the Pancasila democracy. Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, which includes principles such as consensus, social justice, and democracy. Therefore, the moral value of decision-making through consensus in Pancasila democracy is derived from Pancasila itself.

Human rights are characterized by several features, such as being inherent, universal, inalienable, and indivisible. These features mean that human rights are inherent to all individuals, apply to everyone regardless of their nationality or status, cannot be taken away or revoked, and cannot be separated or divided. However, flexibility is not considered a characteristic of human rights. Human rights are meant to provide a set of fundamental standards and principles that are applicable to all individuals, and flexibility may undermine the universality and consistency of these rights.

Demokrasi Pancasila mengandung beberapa nilai moral yang bersumber dari Pancasila. Pancasila adalah dasar negara Indonesia yang terdiri dari lima sila, yaitu Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab, Persatuan Indonesia, Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan, dan Keadilan Sosial bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia. Nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam Pancasila, seperti keadilan, persatuan, dan keberagaman, menjadi dasar dalam sistem demokrasi Pancasila yang mengutamakan partisipasi rakyat dalam pengambilan keputusan politik.

The given options present various problems faced by job seekers. However, the option "SDA cukup banyak" does not fit the category of job seeker problems. It translates to "abundant natural resources," which is not a problem faced by job seekers.

The correct answer is "membebaskan dari segala tuntutan" because if the suspect is found not guilty after undergoing a trial, it is only fair for the court to release them from all charges. This is the appropriate action to take in order to ensure justice is served.

In the case of Tanjung Priok, there were violations of human rights in the form of arbitrary arrests and detentions. This means that individuals were being captured and held without proper legal procedures or justification.

The correct answer is "Tenaga kerja" because the question is asking for the term used to describe individuals who are able to perform work to produce goods or services for their own needs or for the community. "Tenaga kerja" is the Indonesian term for "workforce" or "labor."

The ability of humans to appreciate equality, freedom, and rules refers to the concept of democratic culture. Democratic culture encompasses the values and behaviors that promote and support democratic principles, such as respect for diversity and adherence to democratic norms and institutions. It emphasizes the importance of treating all individuals equally and respecting their rights and freedoms, while also recognizing the need for rules and regulations to maintain order and fairness in society.

A government is considered democratic when it implements the principles of democracy in its governance mechanism. These principles include the rule of law, respect for human rights, free and fair elections, transparency, and accountability. By adhering to these principles, a democratic government ensures that power is distributed among the people, and their voices and opinions are taken into consideration in decision-making processes. This fosters a system where citizens have the freedom to express their views, participate in political processes, and hold their leaders accountable.

The correct answer is "kurungan". The question states that a defendant has been sentenced to two months in prison. "Kurungan" means imprisonment or confinement, which aligns with the given information. The other options, such as "seumur hidup" (life imprisonment) and "denda" (fine), do not match the specified length of the sentence. Therefore, "kurungan" is the most appropriate answer.

The correct answer is UUD 1945 Pasal 1 Ayat 2. This is because UUD 1945 Pasal 1 Ayat 2 states that sovereignty is in the hands of the people and is implemented according to the constitution. This means that the power and authority to govern lies with the people, and it is exercised in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. This principle of popular sovereignty is a fundamental principle of democracy, where the people have the ultimate authority in making decisions and governing the country.

The given answer, "tegasnya aparat penegak hukum" (firmness of law enforcement officials), is incorrect because it is actually mentioned as one of the external factors causing human rights violations in the question itself. The correct answer should be one of the other options: "terjadinya penyalahgunaan kekuasaan" (abuse of power), "kurang tegasnya aparat penegak hukum" (lack of firmness of law enforcement officials), "terjadinya penyalahgunaan teknologi" (misuse of technology), or "kesenjangan sosial dan ekonomi yang tinggi" (high social and economic inequality).

In a democratic country, there are four important freedoms, namely the freedom of religion, the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, and the freedom of assembly. These freedoms are essential for individuals to express their beliefs, opinions, and ideas, practice their religion, and gather together for peaceful purposes. They are fundamental rights that allow citizens to participate in the democratic process and ensure a diverse and inclusive society.

The correct answer is "kesopanan." Sanksi yang berupa dikucilkan, diejek, atau dicemooh adalah sanksi dari norma kesopanan. Dalam masyarakat, norma kesopanan mengatur perilaku dan tindakan yang dianggap pantas dan sopan dalam interaksi sosial. Jika seseorang melanggar norma kesopanan, mereka dapat dikenai sanksi seperti dikucilkan, diejek, atau dicemooh oleh masyarakat sekitar.

The given correct answer states that human rights apply to everyone and include civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. This means that all individuals have the right to these rights, regardless of their status, ethnicity, gender, or other differences. It emphasizes the inclusivity and universality of human rights.

On November 14, 1945, Soekarno was replaced as the head of the republican government. The correct answer is Sutan Syahrir.

The question asks for the category of law that includes planned murder, fraud, and corruption. The correct answer is "publik" (public) because these crimes are considered violations of public law, which involves offenses against society as a whole rather than just individuals. Public law is concerned with the relationship between the government and its citizens, and it includes criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, and other areas that deal with the regulation and enforcement of public behavior.

Kasasi adalah pembatalan atau pernyataan tidak sah oleh Mahkamah Agung terhadap putusan hakim di bawahnya.

The given answer states that "menjatuhkan hukuman bagi orang yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap HAM" (imposing punishment on individuals who commit human rights violations) is not a preventive measure that can be taken to address various cases of human rights violations. This means that the other options mentioned in the question, such as disseminating human rights principles to the public, increasing supervision from the community and political institutions, improving the quality of public services to prevent human rights violations, and enforcing the rule of law and democracy, are all preventive measures that can be taken to address human rights violations.

One of the external factors that causes human rights violations is the misuse of technology. This means that advancements in technology can be used to violate human rights, such as through surveillance, cyberbullying, or spreading false information. The misuse of technology can enable individuals or groups to infringe upon the rights and privacy of others, leading to human rights violations.

The correct answer is "kejahatan genosida" because forcibly removing children from one group and placing them in another group is considered a form of genocide. Genocide refers to the intentional and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, religious, or national group, which includes actions such as killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, or forcibly transferring children from one group to another. This act of forcibly separating children from their original group can be seen as an attempt to erase the cultural, ethnic, or religious identity of the targeted group, which aligns with the definition of genocide.

The given correct answer, "hikmat kebijaksanaan," refers to the aspiration of the Indonesian people that democracy in Indonesia is based on the values of wisdom and prudence. This means that the people desire a democracy that is guided by wise and prudent decision-making, ensuring that the government makes informed and thoughtful choices for the benefit of the nation.

Hukum dapat dibedakan menjadi formal dan material berdasarkan segi pelaksanaannya atau tugas dan fungsinya. Hukum formal mengacu pada aturan dan prosedur yang ditetapkan secara resmi oleh lembaga legislatif atau pemerintah. Hukum material, di sisi lain, merujuk pada substansi atau isi dari hukum itu sendiri, yaitu prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai yang diakui dan dihormati oleh masyarakat. Dengan demikian, perbedaan antara hukum formal dan material adalah bahwa hukum formal berkaitan dengan bentuk eksternal dari hukum, sedangkan hukum material berkaitan dengan isi dan substansi dari hukum.

Peradilan yang bebas tidak memihak adalah salah satu ciri negara hukum. Ini berarti bahwa sistem peradilan di negara tersebut harus independen dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan politik atau kepentingan pribadi. Hal ini penting untuk memastikan bahwa setiap orang memiliki akses yang adil ke peradilan dan bahwa keputusan hukum diambil berdasarkan hukum yang berlaku, bukan berdasarkan preferensi subjektif. Dengan adanya peradilan yang bebas tidak memihak, negara dapat menjaga keadilan dan kepastian hukum bagi seluruh warganya.

Penyiksaan adalah perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan sengaja untuk menyebabkan rasa sakit atau penderitaan fisik atau mental pada seseorang. Tujuan dari penyiksaan ini adalah untuk memperoleh pengakuan atau keterangan dari seseorang atau orang ketiga. Dalam konteks ini, penyiksaan merupakan tindakan yang melanggar hak asasi manusia dan merupakan kejahatan yang serius.

Demokrasi, menurut Hendry B. Mayo, memiliki nilai dalam menyelenggarakan penggantian pemimpin secara teratur. Ini berarti bahwa dalam sistem demokrasi, pemimpin dapat diganti secara teratur melalui pemilihan umum, tanpa adanya kekerasan atau perubahan yang tidak teratur dalam kepemimpinan. Hal ini penting untuk menjaga stabilitas dan kontinuitas dalam pemerintahan, serta memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk memilih pemimpin yang mereka anggap paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan mereka.

The correct answer is "melindungi kepentingan manusia" because the main function of law is to protect the interests and rights of individuals in society. Law provides a framework and set of rules that ensure fairness, justice, and the well-being of all individuals. It aims to safeguard human rights, prevent exploitation, and resolve conflicts in a just manner. By protecting the interests of humans, law contributes to creating a harmonious and orderly society.