Soal Kewirausahaan Kelas 12 Tahun 2020

BPOM (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan) adalah badan yang bertanggung jawab atas perizinan dan pengawasan terkait keselamatan makanan di Indonesia. BPOM memiliki peran penting dalam memastikan bahwa makanan yang beredar aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Badan ini melakukan pengawasan terhadap produksi, distribusi, dan penjualan makanan serta memberikan izin edar bagi produk makanan yang memenuhi standar keamanan yang ditetapkan.

Motivasi adalah suatu perangsang dan pendorong bagi para pegawai atau karyawan agar bekerja lebih giat. Dengan adanya motivasi, individu akan merasa termotivasi untuk mencapai tujuan dan meningkatkan kinerja mereka. Motivasi dapat berasal dari faktor internal maupun eksternal, seperti dorongan diri sendiri, penghargaan, atau target yang harus dicapai. Dengan adanya motivasi, individu akan memiliki dorongan dan semangat untuk bekerja dengan lebih baik.

The question is asking for an exception among the given options for print media promotional channels. The options include newspapers (koran), magazines (majalah), tabloids, and bulletins, all of which are print media. The exception is television (televisi), as it is not a print media channel but a broadcast medium.

The correct answer is "Bahan pembantu" because it refers to the materials that are added to enhance or complete the properties of a substance. These auxiliary materials are used to improve the quality, texture, taste, or appearance of the main ingredient. They are not the primary component of the final product but play a crucial role in enhancing its characteristics.

The correct answer is "Manajemen" because it refers to the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the work of organization members to achieve goals. This involves tasks such as setting objectives, allocating resources, making decisions, and supervising employees. Akuntasi refers to accounting, which involves recording and analyzing financial transactions. Produksi refers to production, which involves creating goods or services. Administrasi refers to administration, which involves managing the day-to-day operations of an organization. Keuangan refers to finance, which involves managing the financial resources of an organization.

The correct answer is HO. HO stands for "Hak Obyektif" which means objective rights. In the context of the question, "izin gangguan dalam pendirian usaha" refers to the permit needed for establishing a business. Therefore, HO is the correct answer as it is related to the process of obtaining the necessary permits for setting up a business.

Promosi bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan produk kepada konsumen. Melalui promosi, informasi tentang produk dapat disampaikan kepada target pasar sehingga konsumen dapat mengetahui keberadaan produk tersebut. Promosi juga dapat membantu meningkatkan kesadaran konsumen terhadap produk dan membangun minat mereka untuk mencoba atau membeli produk tersebut. Dengan demikian, tujuan utama dari promosi adalah memperkenalkan produk kepada konsumen.

Pertanian sawah merupakan contoh usaha agraris karena melibatkan kegiatan pertanian yang dilakukan di lahan persawahan. Pertanian sawah meliputi penanaman tanaman pangan seperti padi, jagung, dan kedelai yang membutuhkan pengairan secara teratur. Usaha pertanian sawah ini merupakan salah satu bentuk usaha agraris yang penting karena dapat memproduksi bahan pangan yang menjadi kebutuhan utama masyarakat.

Pelayanan prima bagi penjual produk dapat menarik pelanggan baru. Dengan memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan memuaskan, penjual dapat menarik minat pelanggan baru untuk membeli produknya. Pelayanan prima mencakup berbagai aspek seperti responsif terhadap pertanyaan pelanggan, memberikan solusi yang efektif, dan memberikan pengalaman positif selama proses pembelian. Dengan menarik pelanggan baru, penjual dapat meningkatkan penjualan dan memperluas basis pelanggannya.

The analysis of a job should take into account various factors such as educational background, work experience, appropriate job evaluation, and promotions or transfers. However, family relationships or proximity should not be considered in job analysis. This means that when assessing a job, the focus should be on objective criteria such as qualifications and skills, rather than personal relationships or connections.

If a newly established business does not have an Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) permit, the business will be prohibited from operating.

Dalam menentukan harga, salah satu yang harus dipertimbangkan adalah BEP (Break Even Point). BEP adalah titik di mana pendapatan yang diperoleh sama dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan, sehingga tidak ada keuntungan atau kerugian. Dengan mengetahui BEP, perusahaan dapat menentukan harga yang tepat untuk mencapai titik impas dan menghasilkan keuntungan. Oleh karena itu, BEP adalah faktor penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan harga, selain harga beli, harga pasar, biaya bahan baku, dan modal usaha.

Lokasi usaha yang terletak di dekat terminal akan cocok untuk usaha menjual makanan. Karena terminal merupakan tempat yang ramai dengan banyak orang yang sedang bepergian atau menunggu transportasi, sehingga ada potensi pasar yang besar untuk usaha menjual makanan.

The correct answer is "Pengecer". A retailer, or "pengecer" in Indonesian, is a business or individual that sells goods directly to consumers in small quantities. They typically operate in physical stores or online platforms and offer a wide range of products to meet the needs and preferences of individual customers. Retailers play a crucial role in the distribution chain by bridging the gap between manufacturers or wholesalers and end consumers. They provide convenience and accessibility for customers to purchase goods without having to buy in bulk or directly from the producers.

The correct answer is "Tetap tidak berwujud" (permanently immaterial). This means that "Good Wile" is a term that does not have a physical form or substance. It is a concept or idea rather than something tangible.

A strategic business location is important for the success of a business. It should be easily accessible and have high visibility to attract customers. However, a four-way traffic light intersection may not be an ideal location for a business as it can cause traffic congestion and make it difficult for customers to access the business. Therefore, the answer "Simpang 4 lampu merah" is the correct choice as it is the only option that does not contribute to a strategic business location.

Jika seorang wirausaha memiliki persediaan dalam jumlah besar, biaya pemeliharaan dan pengawasan akan menjadi tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kebutuhan untuk menjaga persediaan agar tetap dalam kondisi baik, mengawasi persediaan agar tidak rusak atau hilang, serta memastikan persediaan tidak kedaluwarsa. Semakin besar jumlah persediaan, semakin tinggi biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk pemeliharaan dan pengawasan ini.

Mutasi adalah perpindahan atau perubahan posisi kerja seseorang dalam suatu organisasi. Salah satu tujuan mutasi adalah untuk meningkatkan kerja sama antar karyawan. Dengan memindahkan karyawan ke posisi yang berbeda, mereka dapat bekerja dengan orang-orang baru dan berinteraksi dengan berbagai anggota tim. Hal ini dapat memperkuat kerja sama dan kolaborasi antar karyawan, sehingga meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi kerja dalam organisasi.

The correct answer is "Pemberlian dalam jumlah besar." This means that grosir is a merchant who sells goods in large quantities. This suggests that grosir is a wholesaler who provides goods in bulk rather than selling them individually or in small quantities.

The given answer, "Memilih segmentasi pasar" (Choosing market segmentation), does not fit with the guidelines for providing customer satisfaction. The other options mentioned in the guidelines, such as understanding customer expectations, studying factors that influence customer satisfaction, giving guarantees to customers, and providing products that are considered the best, all directly contribute to customer satisfaction. However, choosing market segmentation is more related to targeting specific customer groups rather than directly addressing customer satisfaction.

When recruiting employees, the most important factor to consider is the skills they possess. This is because having the necessary skills for the job ensures that the employee will be able to perform their tasks effectively and efficiently. While education, work experience, proximity to the workplace, and character are also important, without the required skills, an employee may struggle to meet job requirements and perform at the desired level. Therefore, focusing on the skills that a candidate brings to the table is crucial in the recruitment process.

The correct answer is "Informasi". Informasi refers to data or facts that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way. In order to make effective decisions, it is important to have access to accurate and reliable information. This information can come from various sources such as research, reports, databases, or experts. By analyzing and understanding the information available, individuals or organizations can make informed choices and take appropriate actions.

The correct answer is "Sarana dan pra sarana". The term "fasilitas" is synonymous with "sarana dan pra sarana" in Indonesian. "Sarana" refers to facilities or resources that are provided to support a particular activity or purpose, while "pra sarana" refers to preliminary or preparatory facilities. Therefore, "Sarana dan pra sarana" encompasses both the main facilities and the supporting facilities that are necessary for a certain function or operation.

The correct answer is "Prasarana" because jalan dan jembatan are considered as infrastructure or facilities that support transportation and connectivity. Prasarana refers to the physical components or structures that are essential for the operation of a system or organization. In this case, jalan dan jembatan are part of the infrastructure or prasarana that facilitates movement and transportation.

If an entrepreneur has a small inventory, there is a risk that customers will switch to another seller. This is because customers may prefer to buy from a seller who has a larger inventory, as it gives them more options and ensures that the product is readily available. Therefore, having a small inventory can result in a loss of customers to competitors.

The correct answer is "Pembelian" because the administration described in the question involves recording orders and overseeing the purchasing process, as well as managing the purchased goods. This is directly related to the process of buying or purchasing items, making "Pembelian" the most appropriate choice.

The question asks for an analysis of environmental impacts, and all the options listed are related to environmental impacts except for "Keamanan produk" which translates to "Product safety". Product safety is not directly related to environmental impacts, but rather focuses on the safety and quality of products for consumers. Therefore, "Keamanan produk" is the correct answer as it is not related to the analysis of environmental impacts.

Personalia is the correct answer because it refers to the department or function responsible for handling various aspects of employee management, such as recruitment, salary, promotion, transfer, incentives, penalties, and retirement. This department is in charge of ensuring that all employee-related processes and procedures are properly implemented and maintained within an organization.

The correct answer is "Pendidikan, latihan, motivasi, dan pemberdayaan". This answer is correct because it includes the key elements of human resource management, which are education, training, motivation, and empowerment. These elements are essential for effectively managing and developing human resources within an organization.

The given answer, "Sumber daya fisik" (physical resources), is correct because the question is asking for what category the raw materials, office facilities, production, and equipment belong to. These items are all physical resources that a company or organization utilizes in its operations.

Saluran distribusi tidak langsung adalah saluran distribusi yang melibatkan perantara atau retailer dalam proses distribusi. Dalam saluran distribusi ini, produk tidak langsung dijual dari produsen ke konsumen akhir, tetapi melalui perantara seperti pengecer. Pengecer ini bertindak sebagai perantara antara produsen dan konsumen, membeli produk dari produsen dan menjualnya kepada konsumen akhir. Saluran distribusi tidak langsung ini umumnya digunakan untuk produk-produk yang membutuhkan perantara dalam penjualan dan distribusinya.

To achieve good quality in products and business, it is important to reflect it in every business activity. This means that the quality of the products and business should be considered and incorporated into every aspect of the business, from production to marketing and customer service. By reflecting quality in every business activity, the company can ensure that their products meet customer expectations and that their business operations are conducted in a professional and efficient manner.

The correct answer is "Strategis". When establishing a business, it is important to choose a location that is strategically advantageous. A strategic location can provide various benefits such as easy access to transportation, proximity to target customers, availability of resources, and potential for growth and expansion. By selecting a strategic location, businesses can increase their chances of success and profitability.

The correct answer is "Mengurangi biaya angkut." This means that the purpose of having a business location close to the source of raw materials is to reduce transportation costs. By being near the source of raw materials, businesses can save money on transportation expenses, as they won't have to travel long distances to obtain the materials needed for production. This can contribute to cost savings and potentially increase profitability for the business.

The given correct answer, "Proses produksi tahapan", is the most suitable explanation for the given question. It states that a production process in which raw materials flow sequentially through several stages of work until they become finished goods is called "Proses produksi tahapan". This explanation accurately describes the concept of a production process with sequential stages, making it the correct answer.

Manajemen adalah suatu alat umum yang digunakan untuk menggerakan sekelompok manusia, peralatan, perlengkapan, dan fasilitas dalam suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan. Manajemen melibatkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian sumber daya organisasi agar dapat beroperasi secara efektif dan efisien. Dalam konteks ini, manajemen berfungsi sebagai pengelola yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengarahkan dan mengkoordinasikan upaya kolektif dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi.

The correct answer is "Organizing." The given passage describes a series of actions related to gathering, recording, processing, duplicating, storing, and sending information necessary for cooperation. This process involves organizing the information in a systematic and efficient manner to ensure smooth collaboration. Therefore, the term that best fits this description is "Organizing."

Keluarga dapat menjadi contoh modal pinjaman karena dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seseorang dapat meminjam uang dari anggota keluarganya untuk keperluan tertentu. Modal pinjaman dari keluarga biasanya tidak melibatkan bunga atau persyaratan yang ketat seperti halnya pinjaman dari lembaga keuangan. Keluarga sering kali memberikan pinjaman dengan tujuan membantu anggota keluarga yang sedang mengalami kesulitan keuangan.

The correct answer is "Paket harga" because it refers to a promotion technique where discounts are offered on every purchase for a specific period of time. This strategy aims to attract customers by providing them with a bundled package at a reduced price.

The correct answer is "Kerja sama, tujuan, dan alat-alat." This answer is correct because it lists three factors of administration: cooperation (kerja sama), goals (tujuan), and tools (alat-alat). These factors are essential in the administration process as cooperation among individuals, clear goals, and appropriate tools are necessary for effective and efficient administration.

The correct answer is "Melakukan analisis jabatan". When a company needs to recruit new employees, the first step is to conduct a job analysis. This involves identifying the tasks, responsibilities, and qualifications required for the position. By conducting a job analysis, the company can determine the specific skills and qualities they are looking for in potential candidates. This analysis helps in creating an accurate job description and job specifications, which are essential for effective recruitment and selection processes.

The correct answer is Analisis jabatan. Analisis jabatan refers to the process of studying the components of a job, both individually and in relation to each other, in order to determine the tasks and responsibilities of the job. This analysis helps in understanding the requirements of the job and is essential for effective job design, recruitment, and performance evaluation.

The correct answer is "Penghargaan". This is because giving education, training, and development is a form of motivation that can be considered as a reward or recognition for someone's efforts and achievements. It acknowledges their hard work and dedication, which can boost their motivation and encourage them to continue performing well.

The correct answer is "Perencanaan" because planning is an essential and integral part of product development. It involves determining the goals, objectives, and strategies for creating and launching a product. Planning includes market research, identifying target customers, setting budgets, and creating timelines. Without proper planning, a product may not meet customer needs, fail to achieve sales targets, or face challenges during production and distribution. Therefore, planning is crucial for the success of a product and its involvement is inherent and direct.

The main target of financial administration is to manage and control financial events. This includes monitoring and analyzing financial transactions, such as income, expenses, investments, and loans. By focusing on financial events, organizations can ensure that their financial resources are being utilized effectively and efficiently. This involves planning, organizing, and controlling financial activities to achieve the organization's financial goals and objectives.

The correct answer is "Adanya IMB" (Having a Building Permit). A Surat Izin Tempat Usaha (Business Location Permit) is required to be preceded by the possession of an IMB (Izin Mendirikan Bangunan or Building Permit). This indicates that having a valid Building Permit is a necessary prerequisite for obtaining a Business Location Permit.

The correct answer is "Modal sendiri dan pinjaman." This answer is correct because it states that modal (capital) can be divided into two categories: modal sendiri (own capital) and pinjaman (loan capital). Modal sendiri refers to the capital that is invested by the owner or shareholders of the business, while pinjaman refers to the capital that is borrowed from external sources such as banks or financial institutions. Therefore, this answer accurately identifies the two categories of capital.

The correct answer is "Otak dan otot." This answer suggests that entrepreneurs need to consider both the intellectual capabilities (otak) and physical abilities (otot) of their employees when identifying and empowering them. It implies that entrepreneurs should assess not only their employees' knowledge and skills (pengetahuan dan pengawasan) but also their physical capabilities to ensure their effectiveness in the workplace.

The correct answer is Process layout dan product layout. Factory layout refers to the arrangement of machines, workstations, and other production equipment within a manufacturing facility, while location layout refers to the strategic placement of the facility itself. On the other hand, process layout involves grouping similar activities or processes together, while product layout involves arranging the production line in a sequential manner to optimize the flow of materials and minimize production time.

The correct answer is "Kualitas." The other factors listed, such as kebutuhan (needs), keinginan (wants), pencitraan/image (branding), and pendapatan masyarakat tinggi (high income of society), can all influence the pricing decisions of producers. However, the quality of the product is not the sole determinant of pricing decisions. Other factors, such as production costs, competition, and market demand, also play a significant role in determining the price set by producers.