Testiranje Softvera - Teorija

A "dubler" refers to a component that receives calls and returns the same results as the real components. In other words, it is a duplicate or a replica of the real components that mimics their behavior.

The correct answer is "rada softvera u ekstremnim uslovima" which translates to "testing software under extreme conditions". This means that stress testing is used to evaluate how well the software performs in extreme scenarios such as high loads, limited resources, or adverse conditions. This type of testing helps identify any weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the software and ensures that it can handle unexpected situations effectively.

The correct answer is "visokog nivoa" (high level). This suggests that data loss in the system is of great importance and can have significant consequences. It implies that the system is highly vulnerable to data loss and the impact can be severe.

The correct answer is "testova naprezanja". This is because "testova naprezanja" refers to stress testing, which is the process of testing a system's performance under extreme conditions, such as a large number of users accessing the system simultaneously. This type of testing helps to identify any weaknesses or bottlenecks in the system and ensures that it can handle high levels of user activity without crashing or slowing down. Functional tests, sanity tests, and performance tests may also be important in evaluating system functionality and performance, but they do not specifically address the issue of system performance under high user load.

The correct answer is 2 and 4. This means that regressive testing is performed after software changes and when the environment is changed. It does not need to be done every week or as frequently as possible.

When a large number of users access a system, it is important to test the system's performance under stress or heavy load. Stress testing involves subjecting the system to high user loads to determine its ability to handle such conditions. Therefore, conducting stress tests is a way to evaluate the system's performance when accessed by a large number of users.

The correct answer is "je lista osnovnih operacija koje treba da se testiraju kod sistema koji rade sa podacima." This answer explains that CRUDL lista refers to a list of basic operations that need to be tested in systems that work with data. It suggests that this list helps identify and test the risks associated with the system.

Identifikovanje i procena rizika je neophodan korak kod planiranja testiranja. This means that identifying and assessing risks is necessary when planning testing. It is important to identify potential risks and evaluate their potential impact on the testing process in order to effectively plan and mitigate them. This step helps in ensuring that the testing process is well-prepared and can address any potential risks that may arise during testing.

The correct answer is 2 and 4. Regressive testing should be performed after software changes and when the environment is changed. This type of testing is done to ensure that the existing functionality of the software is not affected by the changes made. It helps to identify any regression bugs that may have been introduced due to the modifications. Performing regressive testing after software changes and environmental changes is important to maintain the overall quality and stability of the software.

The correct answer is "svako ponasanje softvera koje ne odgovara postavljenim zahtevima" (every behavior of the software that does not correspond to the specified requirements). This answer accurately describes a software error as any behavior of the software that deviates from the intended requirements or specifications. It implies that the software is not functioning as intended and is not meeting the expected outcomes.

The question states that the black box testing method is being used to test a module that accepts a rating. The rating is considered acceptable if it falls within the interval of [1,5]. The given answer states that there will be 4 test cases defined if the boundary value analysis method is used. Since the interval is defined as [1,5], the boundary values are 1 and 5. Therefore, the test cases will include the values 1, 2, 4, and 5 to cover both the lower and upper boundaries, as well as values within the interval.

The correct answer is "test tim koji se prosiruje ljudima koji su interno zaposleni (angazovani) u firmi". This means that the Alfa test is conducted by a test team that includes people who are internally employed or engaged in the company. This suggests that the test team consists of individuals who have a good understanding of the company's processes and systems, making them suitable for conducting the test effectively.

When the expected result does not match the actual result in one of the defined test cases during black-box testing, it is necessary to search for the error. This means that the tester should actively investigate and identify the cause of the discrepancy between the expected and actual results. This is important because even if the percentage of tests that have passed is high, it is still crucial to identify and address any errors that may exist.

Negativni test slučajevi služe da bi se utvrdilo da softverski sistem ne radi ono što ne bi trebalo da radi. Ovi testovi se obavljaju kako bi se identifikovali greške, slabosti ili ranjivosti sistema. Oni se fokusiraju na ulazne podatke koji bi mogli izazvati neispravno ponašanje ili pad sistema. Cilj je otkriti i ispraviti ove greške pre nego što softver bude pušten u upotrebu, kako bi se obezbedila pouzdanost i funkcionalnost sistema.

The test case "greska - ukljuceno" examines the transition from the state "greska" to the state "ukljuceno". This transition is considered irregular because it involves moving from an error state to an active state. This test case is designed to verify how the system handles this unexpected transition and whether it can handle error conditions properly.

The correct answer is "Integralno testiranje se vrsi nakon jedinicnog" which translates to "Integration testing is done after unit testing." This answer states that integration testing is performed after unit testing, indicating the correct sequence of testing activities.

The correct answer is "niskog nivoa" (low level). This means that the slowness of the system's work over a longer period of time is not critical. It suggests that the system is able to function adequately despite its slower performance, and the impact on overall productivity or efficiency is minimal.

The correct answer is "kod strategije crne kutije" because the method of determining equivalence classes is commonly used in black box testing. Black box testing focuses on testing the functionality of a system without considering its internal structure or implementation details. By using equivalence classes, testers can group input values into sets that are expected to produce similar results, making the testing process more efficient and effective.

The given answer is 4. In boundary value analysis, the test cases are designed at the boundaries of the input domain. Since the acceptable range for the rating is from 1 to 5, the boundary values would be 1 and 5. Therefore, the test cases would include the values 1, 2, 4, and 5 to cover the lower and upper boundaries as well as the values within the acceptable range. Hence, there will be 4 test cases defined.

Istrazivacko testiranje je vrsta testiranja kod koje testeri prate napisani scenario, ali imaju slobodu da koriste alternativne pravce koriscenja. Ovo testiranje se obavlja kako bi se istrazila funkcionalnost i moguce greske sistema, kao i da bi se pronasle nove ideje i inovacije. Za razliku od drugih vrsta testiranja, istrazivacko testiranje ne prati strogo definisane korake i moze biti fleksibilno i kreativno.

The correct answer states that when using the black box strategy, the focus is on observing what the system does, rather than how it does it. This means that the internal workings or implementation details of the system are not considered, but rather the emphasis is on the system's outputs or behavior.

The correct answer is "jedinicno testiranje" which translates to "unit testing" in English. Unit testing refers to the testing of individual components or units of a system in isolation to ensure that each unit functions correctly. This type of testing helps identify and fix any bugs or issues within the individual units before integrating them into the larger system.

A beta test is the first test that is conducted on the entire system, but it has clearly defined functionalities and is not yet ready for delivery to customers. This test allows the developers to gather feedback from users and identify any issues or improvements that need to be made before the final release.

The correct answer is "osnovnog negativnog test slucaja" which means "basic negative test case" in English. This means that the test is checking if the user is not able to login when entering an incorrect username or password, and is returned to the login page. This is a common scenario to test the system's security and error handling capabilities.

Based on the given scenario, the application allows users (companies) to manage data about their products. The CRUDL acronym stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete, and List. Each operation represents a different action that can be performed on the data. In this case, the minimum number of test cases that need to be defined is 5, as there are five basic operations that need to be tested: create, read, update, delete, and list.

A sanity test is a focused test that is performed to quickly check if the system is working properly after adding or modifying a functionality. It is usually a subset of the full test suite and is used to ensure that the basic functionality of the system is intact and there are no major issues or regressions. This test helps in quickly identifying any critical issues and avoids wasting time on extensive testing if the system is not in a stable state.

Monkey testing is a type of testing where the tester randomly inputs data or performs random actions in order to try and break the application. This helps in identifying any unexpected behavior or vulnerabilities in the system. Therefore, statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the purpose of monkey testing. Statements 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect as they do not accurately describe monkey testing.

When testing loops with a condition at the end (do-while), the minimum number of test cases that need to be defined is 3. This is because the loop will always execute at least once, so one test case is needed to cover that scenario. Additionally, two more test cases are required to cover the cases where the loop condition is true and false after the first iteration.

The set of input values that is chosen using the boundary value method is 9, 10, 21, 22. This is because the boundary value method focuses on testing the boundaries of input values. In this case, the boundaries are 10 and 21. The values 9 and 22 are just below and above these boundaries, respectively, and are included in the chosen set.

The correct answer is 10 because CRUDL stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete, and List. In this case, the application allows users to manage data about their branches and products. Therefore, at a minimum, there should be test cases for creating a branch, reading branch details, updating branch information, deleting a branch, creating a product, reading product details, updating product information, deleting a product, listing all branches, and listing all products.

Test slučajevi kod testiranja prihvatljivosti se definišu prema zahtevima. To znači da se testovi kreiraju i izvršavaju kako bi se proverilo da li softver ispunjava sve postavljene zahteve. Testiranje prihvatljivosti je poslednja faza testiranja pre nego što se softver pusti u upotrebu, i fokusira se na proveru da li softver zadovoljava očekivanja korisnika i da li ispunjava sve funkcionalne i nefunkcionalne zahteve koji su postavljeni.

The correct answer is that in complete regression testing, all tests from previous iterations and the current iteration are executed. This means that all previously created tests are rerun to ensure they still function correctly, and any new tests created for the current iteration are also executed. This approach ensures that all components of the system are thoroughly tested and any issues or regressions are identified and addressed.

When using the equivalence class partitioning method to create test cases, one data point is taken from each equivalence class to ensure that all classes are represented. Additionally, the total number of data points should be greater than twice the number of equivalence classes. Therefore, the correct answer is "uzima se po jedan podatak" (one data point is taken).

The correct answer is to check each rule from the specification to see if it is implemented or not. This method of black box testing focuses on verifying that all the specified rules have been correctly implemented in the system. It involves testing the functionality of the system without examining its internal structure or code. By checking each rule, testers can ensure that the system behaves as expected and meets the requirements outlined in the specification.

The correct answer is "nijedno od navedenih" which means "none of the above". This means that none of the statements provided in the options are correct.

The correct answer is 1 and 3. This is because basic test cases are used to determine if the basic functionalities of the program are working, while specific test cases are derived from the basic test cases.

The correct answer is "da li rade osnovne funkcionalnost isistema" which translates to "whether the basic functionality of the system is working." This means that a smoke test is used to verify if the essential features and functions of the system are functioning properly.

The set of input values 3,10,22 is chosen based on the equivalence class partitioning method. This method divides the input space into different equivalence classes, where each class represents a unique behavior of the program. In this case, the valid input range is from 10 to 21, and any value below 10 or greater than or equal to 22 is rejected. The chosen set of input values covers the boundary conditions of the valid range, including the minimum value (3), a value within the valid range (10), and the maximum value (22).

The correct answer is 1 i 4. This means that statement 1 (Smoke test se radi na pocetku razvoja ili pre ulaska u novu fazu) and statement 4 (Smoke test treba da bude dobro dokumenotvan) are both correct. Statement 1 states that a smoke test is performed at the beginning of development or before entering a new phase, while statement 4 states that a smoke test should be well-documented. Therefore, both statements are true and align with the concept of a smoke test.

The answer states that there is no rule regarding the number of test cases and activities that are tested in a single test case. However, it is important to consider optimization and ensure that each activity is covered at least once.

Using the method of finding equivalence classes, the input range of 1 to 5 can be divided into three equivalence classes: [1], [2,3,4], and [5]. Each equivalence class represents a set of inputs that can be considered equivalent in terms of their expected behavior. Therefore, there will be three defined test cases: one for the input value of 1, one for any value between 2 and 4, and one for the input value of 5.

Performance testing involves checking the speed of operation, memory usage, CPU utilization, and data throughput in a network. It is a process of evaluating the performance characteristics of a system or application under specific conditions to ensure that it meets the desired performance requirements. By testing these factors, performance issues can be identified and addressed to optimize the overall performance of the system or application.

The correct answer is "validacija se oznacava kao dinamicko testiranje i realizuje se izvrsenjem koda" because validation is a process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies the specified requirements. Dynamic testing, which involves executing the code, is typically used for validation to ensure that the system behaves correctly and meets the expected functionality. Static testing, on the other hand, is a type of testing that does not involve executing the code and is typically used for activities like code reviews and inspections.

The correct answer is "kada se testiranje vrsi po slobodnom scenariju onda se po pravilu vrsi mauelno". This statement suggests that when testing is done based on a free scenario, it is usually done manually. This implies that manual testing is preferred in situations where the testing process requires flexibility and adaptability to different scenarios.

When planning the scope of testing, it is important to consider project constraints such as available time and finances, as well as the size of the testing team. These factors play a crucial role in determining the extent and depth of testing that can be realistically achieved within the given limitations. Additionally, the size of the testing team is significant as it determines the resources available for conducting the tests effectively. Therefore, by considering these criteria, the planning process can be more accurate and aligned with the project's limitations and requirements.

Validacija je proces kojim se proverava da li definisani zahtevi za proizvod ili uslugu odgovaraju stvarnim potrebama korisnika. Ovaj proces se obično sprovodi nakon verifikacije, koja se fokusira na to da li su zahtevi ispravno definisani i moguće ih je implementirati. Validacija se fokusira na proveru da li su ti zahtevi zaista ono što korisniku treba i da li će zadovoljiti njegove potrebe i očekivanja.

When testing loops with a condition at the beginning (while), the minimum number of test cases is 4. This is because the loop may not execute at all if the condition is initially false, which counts as one test case. Then, the condition may become true after the first iteration, resulting in two more test cases. Finally, the condition may become false again after the second iteration, adding one more test case. Therefore, the minimum number of test cases is 4.

A test case is a statement or request with an accurate description of what needs to be done and what is expected as output. It is a specific scenario or condition that is tested to verify the functionality of a system or application. Test cases are used to ensure that the system meets the requirements and performs as expected. They provide step-by-step instructions to test a particular feature or functionality of the system.

The correct answer is "prvi test koji se vrsi nakon isporuke korisnicima" which means "the first test that is performed after delivery to users". This suggests that the Fiesta test is conducted as the initial test after the product has been delivered to the users.

The correct answer is "sve navedeno" which means "all of the above" in English. This means that all of the listed tasks involve static analysis (static testing). These tasks include finding unused variables, identifying security vulnerabilities in the code, detecting errors related to violating standard programming rules, and locating unused procedures and functions.