შინაგანი მედიცინა 1-50 სასერტიფიკაციო ტესტები 2020

The given question is in Georgian language and asks for the condition that does not fit with the rest. The options provided are related to different medical conditions. "არტერიული ჰიპერტენზია" translates to "arterial hypertension" in English. Among the given options, all others are either normal body conditions or unrelated to hypertension. Therefore, "arterial hypertension" is the condition that does not fit with the rest.

The correct answer states that "all of the above" can be indicated by a red light on the system clock. This means that any of the mentioned options (sensory impairments, psychosis, asthenia, prosthetics) can be signaled by the red light.

The given symptoms of chest pain, orthopnea, and sharp pain in the left side of the heart indicate a possible case of exudative pericarditis, which is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. The presence of muffled heart tones and the separation of pericardial fluid by echocardiography further support this diagnosis. Exudative pericarditis refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space due to inflammation, which can cause chest pain and other symptoms.

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The correct answer is "არტერიული ჰიპერტენზია" (Arterial hypertension). This is the correct answer because the question asks for a condition that is different from the others. The other options are related to normal body temperature, normal skin temperature, normal blood pressure, and carbon dioxide levels in the air. Arterial hypertension stands out as a medical condition that is different from the others listed.

The correct answer means "all of the above". In the context of the question, it suggests that the diagnostic search for protein includes determining the number of cells in the urine during the day and night, the presence of proteinuria in the urine with a quantity of more than 150mg during the day and night, the examination of the first morning urine for the presence of orthostatic and physical activity-related proteinuria, the examination of the urine for the presence of blood in extreme cases, and considering all of these factors in the diagnostic process.

The correct answer is PQ ინტერვალის შემოკლება < 0,12 და დელტა ტალღის არსებობა. This answer is correct because WPW syndrome is characterized by a shortened PR interval (

During bronchial asthma exacerbation, it is possible for a patient to be prescribed all the options listed except for beta-blockers. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma as they can worsen bronchoconstriction and exacerbate asthma symptoms. Therefore, beta-blockers would not be recommended in this case.

The correct answer is "დექსამეტაზონის სინჯი". This is because Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. It is often prescribed to treat various conditions, including allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders. In the context of Cushings syndrome, Dexamethasone can be used as a diagnostic tool. A low-dose Dexamethasone suppression test is performed to determine if the body is producing excessive amounts of cortisol, which is a characteristic of Cushings syndrome.

The given question is in Georgian language and it asks for the symptom complex that is not indicative of bronchial asthma. The correct answer is "ინსპირაციული სტრიდორი" which translates to "inspiratory stridor" in English. Inspiratory stridor is a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration and it is typically associated with upper airway obstruction, not bronchial asthma. Therefore, it is not indicative of bronchial asthma.

The correct answer is "ნახველის ლაბორატორიული გამოკვლევა" which translates to "urinalysis laboratory testing" in English. This type of diagnostic test involves analyzing a urine sample to detect and measure various substances such as glucose, protein, red and white blood cells, and bacteria. Urinalysis can provide important information about kidney function, urinary tract infections, and other medical conditions.

The correct answer is the addition of tuttifosfate. This is because the question asks which option is most frequently increased in individuals with high cholesterol levels. Tuttifosfate is a compound that is often increased in individuals with high cholesterol levels, and it plays a role in the metabolism of cholesterol. Therefore, the addition of tuttifosfate is the most likely explanation for the increased levels of cholesterol.

The correct answer is "გულის გლობალური კუმშვადობის დაქვეითება" which translates to "global impairment of cardiac conduction". This answer is chosen because it refers to a condition that affects the conduction system of the heart on a global scale, indicating a widespread dysfunction rather than a localized one.

The given answer states that PQ interval prolongation does not represent a diagnostic criterion for rheumatism.

The given question is in Georgian language and asks for the condition that is not associated with nephrotic syndrome. The correct answer, "მწვავე პიელონეფრიტი" (acute pyelonephritis), is a condition that affects the kidneys but is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. While conditions like minimal change glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome, acute pyelonephritis is not.

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The given symptoms described below are indicative of Fallot's Tetralogy: cyanosis, systolic murmur over the pulmonary artery, dextroposition of the aorta, and ventricular septal defect. Fallot's Tetralogy is a congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of these four abnormalities. The other options listed, such as Lutembacher's syndrome, Eisenmenger's syndrome, Ebstein's anomaly, and ventricular septal defect anterior to the infundibulum, do not match the specific symptoms mentioned in the question.

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The correct answer is "PQ ინტერვალის გახანგრძლივება". This answer is supported by the given statement that "ინფექციური ენდოკარდიტის სადიაგნოზო დიუკის დიდ კრიტერიუმს მიეკუთვნება ყველა ქვემოთ ჩამოთვლილი გარდა ერთისა". The answer choice "PQ ინტერვალის გახანგრძლივება" is the only one that is mentioned in the given statement.

During valsalva maneuver, the intrathoracic pressure increases, causing a decrease in venous return and subsequently a decrease in cardiac output. This leads to a decrease in blood flow to the mitral valve, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of the mitral valve prolapse (MVP) murmur. Additionally, the increased intrathoracic pressure during the maneuver may compress the left atrium and left ventricle, reducing the displacement of the mitral valve leaflets and further diminishing the intensity of the MVP murmur.

The correct answer is "ყველა ზემოთჩამოთვლილთან" which translates to "with all of the above". This means that the mechanism of action of AGP inhibitors is connected to all of the mentioned factors, including the conversion of angiotensin, the reduction of angiotensin II activity, and the metabolism of bradykinins.

Based on the given information, the patient is a 58-year-old man with hypertension and tachycardia. His heart rate is elevated at 138 beats per minute and his blood pressure is high at 130/75 mmHg. The question asks which medication should be given as the initial treatment in this situation. Among the options provided, Amiodarone is the most appropriate choice. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication commonly used to treat tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. It can help control the heart rate and restore normal sinus rhythm. Therefore, Amiodarone would be the best choice for the initial treatment in this case.

The correct answer is "მკაფიო IV ტონი, ჰოლოსისტოლური შუილი" which translates to "S4 gallop, holosystolic murmur" in English. This is the correct answer because a holosystolic murmur is a continuous murmur that occurs throughout systole, and an S4 gallop is an abnormal heart sound that occurs just before the S1 heart sound. These findings are commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by thickening of the heart muscle.

Auscultation is a method used in the diagnosis of pneumosclerosis. It involves listening to the sounds produced by the lungs using a stethoscope. By listening to the lung sounds, a healthcare professional can detect any abnormal sounds or patterns, which can indicate the presence of pneumosclerosis. Auscultation is a non-invasive and relatively simple method that can provide valuable information about the condition of the lungs.

The question asks for something that is not a characteristic of the first heart sound. The first heart sound, also known as S1, is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and is typically described as a "lub" sound. The other options listed in the question are all related to aspects of the heart's functioning or diagnostic procedures, such as the paradoxical pulse, modulation of heart tones, voltage changes on an electrocardiogram, or the evaluation of venous waves. None of these options are directly related to the characteristics of the first heart sound.

The question asks for the exception among the given options for a scleroderma treatment. All the other options are different types of scleroderma treatments, but "photocensibilization" is not a treatment for scleroderma.

The correct answer is the "მოციმციმე არითმიისა და სრული ატრიოვენტრიკულური ბლოკადის შერწყმა" option. This is because the question is asking which option corresponds to Frederick's syndrome, and this option specifically mentions both arithmias and a complete atrioventricular block, which are characteristic features of Frederick's syndrome.

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The correct answer is "კონსტრიქციული პერიკარდიტი" (constrictive pericarditis). This condition is characterized by the thickening and scarring of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This thickening and scarring can restrict the movement of the heart, leading to symptoms such as Kussmaul's sign (distention of the neck veins during inspiration), pericardial knock (an early diastolic sound), and echocardiographic evidence of restrictive diastolic dysfunction.

The correct answer is "მიტრალური სტენოზი" (mitral stenosis). Mitral stenosis is a condition where the opening of the mitral valve in the heart is narrowed, causing a restriction in blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. The condition is often caused by the buildup of scar tissue on the mitral valve, usually as a result of rheumatic fever. Treatment may involve medication or, in severe cases, surgical intervention to repair or replace the mitral valve.

All the symptoms listed below hemolytic anemia are applicable, except for one. The direct bilirubin addition to the blood, anemia, splenomegaly, and reticulocytosis are all associated with hemolytic anemia. However, acalculous cholecystitis is not directly related to hemolytic anemia. Therefore, the correct answer is acalculous cholecystitis.

The correct answer explains that it represents diastolic pressure in the brachial artery.

Alteplase is a thrombolytic medication used during an infarct to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow. It is commonly used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.

The correct answer is "სამკარედი სარქვლის ნაკლოვანება" which translates to "Mitral valve regurgitation". Mitral valve regurgitation refers to the leakage of blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium due to a faulty mitral valve. This condition can be caused by various factors such as mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, or infective endocarditis. It can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication or surgery.

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The correct answer is "გოთრონის პაპულები" (gastric ulcers). This is because gastric ulcers are commonly associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. The other options listed, such as "რეინოს ფენომენი" (Raynaud's phenomenon) and "სკლეროდაქტილია" (scleroderma), are unrelated to the symptoms described in the question.

During hemolysis, the main indication is the direct increase in bilirubin levels. Hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, leading to the release of bilirubin. This can occur in various conditions, such as hemolytic anemias or certain viral hepatitis infections. The process of bilirubin production primarily takes place in the reticuloendothelial system. Therefore, during episodes of hemolysis, the direct bilirubin level is expected to increase.

The main laboratory indicators of beta thalassemia are the quantification of HBA2 and HBF hemoglobin. This means that in beta thalassemia, there will be an increase in the levels of HBA2 and HBF hemoglobin compared to normal levels. The other options mentioned, such as microcytosis, poikilocytosis, hypochromia, and reticulocytosis, are not specific to beta thalassemia and can be seen in other types of anemia as well.

During the use of calcium channel blockers, a common side effect is bronchospasm, which is the constriction of the airways in the lungs. This can lead to difficulty in breathing and wheezing. Therefore, bronchospasm is the most likely effect to occur when using calcium channel blockers.

The correct answer is "Qღშ კომპლექსის დეფორმაცია" because the question asks for the exception to be identified among the given options. All the other options (P კბილის დეფორმაცია, არასრული კომპენსატორული პაუზა, Qღშ კომპლექსის შეუცვლელობა, PQ - ინტერვალის შეცვლა) are processes that are associated with supraventricular extrasystole, while "Qღშ კომპლექსის დეფორმაცია" is not related to this condition.

The correct answer is "Marginal erosion". This is because the question asks for the exception among the listed conditions for a scleroderma patient. While conditions like Reynaud's syndrome, skin thickening, and atrophy of the skin are commonly associated with scleroderma, marginal erosion is not typically seen in this condition. Therefore, it is the exception among the listed conditions.

The correct answer is "ფილტვის კაპილარებში წნევის საგრძნობი მომატების" which translates to "increased filtration pressure in the capillaries". This option is different from the others as it specifically refers to an increase in pressure in the capillaries, while the other options mention different symptoms or conditions.

The correct answer is "ჰიპერბილირუბინემია" which translates to "hyperbilirubinemia" in English. Hyperbilirubinemia refers to an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood, which can cause jaundice. This condition is commonly seen in newborns and can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, or genetic conditions.

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The correct answer is "პერიორბიტული შეშუპება კაშკაშა ჰელიოტროპული ერითემით". This answer is correct because it is the only option that is not mentioned as a possible explanation for the condition of the scleroderma patient in the given question. All the other options - ლიმფადენოპათია, პოლისეროზიტი, წონაში კლება, and თირკმლის მწვავე უკმარისობის განვითარება - are mentioned as possible causes for the patient's condition.

The correct answer is "მეორე ტონის ფიქსირებული გაორება" which means "fixed splitting of the second heart sound". This refers to a delay in the closure of the pulmonary valve during inspiration, causing a split in the second heart sound. This is a normal finding in some individuals and is not considered a defect.

The correct answer is "გამოხატულია დადებითი ვენური პულსი" which translates to "The positive pulse is indicated". This suggests that during right parkinsonism, there is an increase in the amplitude of the positive pulse.

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Mitral valve prolapse is a condition where the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart doesn't close properly. This can cause blood to leak backward into the atrium, leading to symptoms like heart palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath. It is a common condition and usually doesn't require treatment unless it causes severe symptoms or complications.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively. This can lead to an increase in systolic pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the heart during contraction. Therefore, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can cause an increase in systolic pressure during exercise.