Logística Tema 4 Y 5

The statement suggests that when we make a mistake on a bill, we can correct it by using tippex or any other type of correction fluid that allows us to write over it. However, this is not true. When we make a mistake on a bill, it is generally not acceptable to use correction fluid as it can raise suspicions of tampering or fraud. Instead, it is more appropriate to cross out the mistake neatly and clearly write the correct information next to it.

The statement is true. The "punto de pedido" refers to the reorder point, which is the inventory level that triggers the need to reorder goods to replenish the stock. When the inventory reaches this point, it indicates that it is time to place an order to avoid running out of stock.

The correct answer is "Importe de los géneros servidos y gastos a cargo del comprador, menos descuentos (aplicados en facturas), más IVA." This answer is correct because it includes all the necessary components that should be included in an invoice. It mentions the amount of the goods and expenses that are being charged to the buyer, subtracts any discounts that have been applied to the invoice, and adds the applicable VAT (IVA in Spanish). This provides a comprehensive breakdown of the invoice's total amount.

The correct answer is true because the term "margen comercial" refers to the profit margin, which is commonly expressed as a percentage. This percentage represents the difference between the cost of a product or service and its selling price. Therefore, it is accurate to say that the profit margin is typically expressed as a percentage.

The correct answer is "Todas las opciones son correctas" because the radiofrequency system allows a tag to be read, written, and does not require direct visual contact with the reader. This means that all of the given options are true and valid.

Installing a new stock management software without conducting an inventory can lead to several issues. Firstly, the data recorded in the software may not accurately reflect the actual stock quantities, leading to incorrect information. Secondly, if the quantities are not properly registered in the system, it can result in stockouts and disruptions in the supply chain. Lastly, there is a risk of excessive stock levels, which can lead to increased costs. Therefore, all of the given options are correct outcomes of not conducting an inventory before implementing the new software.

Increasing the quantity of stored merchandise does not necessarily decrease the ownership costs. In fact, it can lead to higher costs such as storage fees, maintenance expenses, and potential losses due to spoilage or obsolescence. To decrease ownership costs, it is important to optimize inventory levels, improve supply chain efficiency, negotiate better pricing with suppliers, and implement cost-saving measures such as lean manufacturing or just-in-time inventory management.

The correct answer is "Sistema ABC". This system, also known as ABC analysis or Pareto analysis, is a method used by companies to categorize and prioritize their products based on their importance and value. It helps in determining the level of control and management required for each product, allowing the company to allocate resources efficiently and effectively. The system classifies products into three categories: A (high-value items that require tight control), B (moderate-value items that require moderate control), and C (low-value items that require minimal control).

El pedido online permite a los clientes registrarse a través de la web, gestionar su pedido en tiempo real y proporcionarles un seguimiento del mismo. Esta opción les brinda la comodidad de realizar su pedido de manera rápida y sencilla desde cualquier lugar con acceso a internet. Además, les permite tener un control y seguimiento del estado de su pedido en todo momento.

The statement in the question states that to determine the profit margin, the acquisition and holding costs of the merchandise are subtracted from the final price. This is a correct statement as the profit margin is calculated by subtracting the total costs from the selling price, which gives the profit earned from the sale. Therefore, the answer is true.

The correct answer is "Restando al precio de venta de la mercancía los costes de adquisición y posesión". This means that the commercial margin is calculated by subtracting the acquisition and possession costs from the selling price of the merchandise. This indicates that the profit or margin earned on the sale of the merchandise is determined by deducting the costs associated with acquiring and holding the merchandise from the selling price.

The correct answer is "Trabajar bajo pedido". This means that when a company has a stock of zero, it means that they only produce or order products when they receive a specific order from a customer. This approach helps to minimize inventory costs and reduce the risk of having excess stock that may become obsolete or expire.

Cuando una empresa adquiere grandes cantidades de producto para conseguir descuentos, facilidades de pago y hacer frente a imprevistos de la demanda, el stock cumple una función reguladora y económica. La función reguladora se refiere a la capacidad del stock para regular y estabilizar la oferta y la demanda, evitando escasez o exceso de productos en el mercado. Por otro lado, la función económica se refiere al beneficio financiero que se obtiene al adquirir grandes cantidades de producto a precios más bajos y aprovechar las facilidades de pago ofrecidas por los proveedores.

The correct answer is "Trazabilidad del producto." This is because the question is asking about the process of following a product from its origin as raw material through production, storage, and distribution, which is known as product traceability. The other option, "Trazabilidad de la documentación," refers to the traceability of documentation, which is not the same as following the product itself. Therefore, the correct answer is "Trazabilidad del producto."

The correct answer is "De ciclo". "De ciclo" refers to stocks that cover the normal demand in a company. This term is commonly used in inventory management to describe the inventory that is regularly replenished to meet ongoing demand. The other options, "Comerciales" (commercial), "Perecederos" (perishable), and "Ninguna de las respuestas anteriores es correctas" (none of the above answers is correct), do not accurately describe the stocks that cover normal demand in a company.

El método de valoración de existencias más adecuado para equilibrar los costes es PMP. PMP significa "Precio Medio Ponderado" y se calcula promediando los costes de las existencias disponibles. Este método es útil para suavizar las fluctuaciones de precios y proporciona un costo promedio más estable a lo largo del tiempo. FIFO (First In, First Out) y LIFO (Last In, First Out) son otros métodos de valoración de existencias, pero pueden resultar en costes más altos o más bajos dependiendo de las fluctuaciones de precios. Por lo tanto, PMP es el método más adecuado para equilibrar los costes.

La respuesta correcta es "Ninguna de las anteriores". Esto significa que todas las opciones mencionadas anteriormente son ventajas de usar un sistema de gestión de stock. El sistema permite gestionar las tareas y el stock de forma fácil y rápida, realizar recuentos automáticos y recibir alarmas que avisan cuando se acerca el punto de pedido.

The moment of stock replenishment should occur when the stocks are equal to the reorder point. This means that the inventory level has reached a predetermined threshold, indicating that it is time to reorder more stock to avoid running out. Replenishing the stocks when they are greater or lesser than the reorder point may result in inefficient inventory management.

The correct answer is "Demanda media x los días de retraso en la entrega." This is because safety stock (Ss) is calculated by multiplying the average demand by the number of days of delay in delivery. This helps to account for any potential delays in receiving inventory and ensures that there is enough stock on hand to meet customer demand during those delays.

The correct answer is 400 €, IVA incluido. A simplified invoice can be issued when the amount of goods or services to be billed does not exceed 400 €, including VAT. This means that if the total amount, including VAT, is equal to or less than 400 €, the issuer can choose to issue a simplified invoice.

The VOP refers to the optimal order quantity that should be requested in order to minimize the total costs of procurement. This means that by determining the appropriate quantity to order, a company can achieve the lowest possible costs associated with procurement, including ordering costs, carrying costs, and stockout costs. By finding the balance between ordering too much and ordering too little, the company can optimize its procurement process and minimize overall costs.

The correct answer is False. A rectifying invoice should not have the same date and number as the original invoice it is rectifying. The purpose of a rectifying invoice is to correct errors or make changes to the original invoice, so it should have a different date and number to avoid confusion and ensure accurate record-keeping.

The correct answer is "Todas son correctas" (All are correct). This means that all of the given statements are true. The 30% breakage rate indicates that three out of every ten references have run out of stock in a period. This suggests that the demand for three references should be reviewed to adjust the forecast and improve the stock level. Additionally, it implies that there is a high possibility of delivering orders late due to stock shortages.

The correct answer is that the information for demand forecasting is obtained from both the marketing department and the sales department. The marketing department provides information about the market and promotional strategies, while the sales department provides information about the historical sales data from previous periods. By considering both the market conditions and the historical sales patterns, a more accurate demand forecast can be made.

The correct answer is the cost of storing one unit of product per average stock (Cl x VOP/2). This formula calculates the cost of storing one unit of product by multiplying the carrying cost per unit (Cl) by the average stock level (VOP/2). This cost represents the expenses associated with holding inventory, such as storage space, insurance, and handling. By calculating this cost, businesses can assess the financial impact of storing their products and make informed decisions about inventory management and storage optimization.

The statement is false. The correct answer is that the retailer subject to the RE (special tax regime) does not have to charge their customers the VAT plus the RE for each product. The RE is a special tax regime that allows retailers to pay a fixed tax rate based on their turnover, instead of charging their customers the VAT. Therefore, the retailer subject to the RE only needs to charge their customers the fixed tax rate established by the special regime.

Cuando colocamos dos o más mercancías en el mismo espacio porque forman parte del mismo pedido, seguimos el criterio de ubicación de complementariedad. Esto significa que las mercancías se colocan juntas debido a que son complementarias entre sí, es decir, se necesitan mutuamente para cumplir con el pedido. Esta estrategia de ubicación ayuda a optimizar el espacio de almacenamiento y facilita la preparación y envío de los pedidos.

The given statement is false. To calculate profit, the formula is not to divide the commercial margin by the turnover rate. The correct formula for calculating profit is to subtract the cost of goods sold from the total revenue. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.

The correct answer is "Aumenta la cantidad pedida" because when the quantity ordered increases, it leads to a larger amount of inventory that needs to be stored. This, in turn, increases the costs associated with warehousing and storage. Therefore, as the quantity ordered increases, the costs of storage also increase.

Los sueldos y salarios no constituyen una operación exenta de IVA. El IVA es un impuesto que se aplica al valor agregado en la venta de bienes y servicios, y los sueldos y salarios no son considerados como una venta de bienes o servicios. Los servicios públicos postales, las operaciones de seguro y las operaciones financieras, por otro lado, sí pueden estar exentas de IVA en ciertas circunstancias.

La respuesta "Todas son correctas" significa que tanto el sistema de gestión de almacenes como el sistema de gestión de almacenes integrado en el sistema ERP son opciones válidas para automatizar el almacén de la empresa. Esto implica que ambas soluciones pueden ser utilizadas por la empresa para mejorar la eficiencia y la gestión de su almacén.

Cuando hay una negociación previa entre el proveedor y el cliente y el pedido refleja el acuerdo alcanzado, se emite lo que se conoce como "la nota de pedido". Esta nota es un documento que detalla los productos o servicios solicitados, las cantidades, los precios acordados, los plazos de entrega, entre otros detalles relevantes. Es una confirmación por escrito de la transacción acordada entre ambas partes y sirve como base para el seguimiento y cumplimiento del pedido.

If the costs of possession decrease, it means that the expenses associated with owning or holding a product or asset decrease. This would actually increase the profit margin, as the difference between the selling price and the cost of possession would be greater. Therefore, the statement that the profit margin decreases if the costs of possession decrease is false.

The periodic stock review is carried out when there are few products and few units of each one in the warehouse.

El término "mover el stock" se refiere a cambiar la ubicación física de la mercancía en el almacén para hacer espacio para otra mercancía. Esto implica que se está cambiando la mercancía de un lugar a otro dentro del almacén, pero no necesariamente se está eliminando o reemplazando por otra mercancía diferente.

The statement is false because the economic order quantity (EOQ) is not about ordering from the supplier with the lowest price. The EOQ is a formula used to determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs, taking into account factors such as ordering costs, holding costs, and demand. It considers the trade-off between the costs of holding inventory and the costs of ordering more inventory. Therefore, the EOQ is not solely based on the supplier's price, but rather on a comprehensive analysis of costs and demand.

La madera de una serrería se puede clasificar como stock de tipo materias primas, ya que es la materia prima utilizada en la producción de otros productos. También puede considerarse como productos terminados si se refiere a la madera que ha sido procesada y está lista para ser vendida. Además, puede ser considerada como stock de seguridad si se almacena un exceso de madera para asegurar el suministro continuo en caso de escasez. Por lo tanto, todas las opciones son correctas para describir el tipo de stock que representa la madera de una serrería.

The conditions of payment and bank domiciliation are usually mentioned in the "Observaciones" section of the invoice. This section is typically used to include any additional information or special instructions related to the transaction. Placing these details in the "Observaciones" section ensures that they are easily visible and accessible to the recipient of the invoice.

The correct answer is "Los gastos y los descuentos incluidos en la factura, más el IVA cuando este no sea recuperable." This means that the acquisition cost includes the expenses and discounts included in the invoice, as well as the VAT when it is not recoverable. This implies that the total cost of acquisition includes any additional expenses and discounts mentioned in the invoice, and also takes into account the VAT when it cannot be recovered.

The statement is false because the VOP (Valor Óptimo de Pedido) refers to the optimal order quantity that minimizes both the costs of ordering and the costs of holding inventory. It is the quantity at which the total cost of ordering and holding inventory is at its lowest point. Therefore, the VOP is not about making the costs of order management lower than the costs of storage, but rather finding the balance between the two costs.

The size of the order affects both the frequency of new orders and the average stock level. A larger order size results in more rotations, leading to higher ordering costs. Additionally, a larger order size increases the average stock level, resulting in higher storage costs. Therefore, both statements are correct.

Cuando se produce una modificación en la base imponible debido a circunstancias como la devolución de mercancía o de envases y embalajes, se debe emitir una factura rectificativa. Sin embargo, esta acción no es necesaria si se puede descontar el importe correspondiente en operaciones posteriores. En resumen, la emisión de una factura rectificativa es obligatoria, a menos que se pueda compensar el importe en futuras transacciones.

Cuando los portes corren a cargo del proveedor, se dice que son "portes debidos". Esto significa que el proveedor es responsable de pagar los gastos de envío. En contraste, "portes pagados" indica que el comprador es responsable de pagar los gastos de envío. "Portes pagados contra reembolso" implica que el comprador pagará los gastos de envío al recibir el producto. Ninguna de las respuestas anteriores son correctas, ya que la respuesta correcta es "portes debidos".

This answer suggests that the turnover rate of stocks in the company is once every month. This means that the company replenishes its stock inventory every month, indicating a relatively fast turnover of goods.

Cuando una empresa no sirve a tiempo un pedido, incurre en costes directos derivados de la pérdida de la venta o la disminución del beneficio. Esto se debe a que la empresa no logra completar la transacción y, como resultado, pierde la oportunidad de generar ingresos o de obtener el beneficio esperado de esa venta. Además, si esto ocurre de manera recurrente, puede afectar la reputación de la empresa y provocar la pérdida de clientes. Por lo tanto, todas las opciones mencionadas son correctas en términos de los costes directos que implica no entregar los pedidos a tiempo.

The correct answer is "El comprador y lo entrega firmado al vendedor". This means that the buyer issues the order and then signs and delivers it to the seller. This indicates that the buyer is responsible for initiating the order and ensuring that it is signed and delivered to the seller.

Las entregas intracomunitarias y las exportaciones son operaciones exentas plenas con respecto al IVA. Esto significa que no están sujetas al impuesto sobre el valor añadido y están exentas de pagar este impuesto. Estas operaciones implican la transferencia de bienes o servicios a otro país de la Unión Europea (entregas intracomunitarias) o a un país fuera de la Unión Europea (exportaciones). Al ser exentas, no se aplica el IVA a estas operaciones, lo que puede tener ventajas para las empresas que realizan estas transacciones.

The correct answer is that a special VAT rate is applied to sales. This means that when businesses under this regime make sales, they charge their customers a specific VAT rate that is different from the standard rate. This special VAT rate is then collected by the businesses and paid to the tax authorities. It is important to note that this answer does not mention any specific details about employees, refunds, or additional costs for the businesses.

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The given statement states that the stock has a behavior, but none of the options provided (Natural, Cyclical, Safety) accurately describe this behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above options is correct."