Materiales Poliméricos

The correct answer is "Termoplástico, termoestable, elastómeros" because these terms refer to different types of polymers based on their behavior. Termoplástico refers to polymers that can be melted and reshaped multiple times, termoestable refers to polymers that cannot be melted and reshaped once they have been set, and elastómeros refers to polymers that have rubber-like elasticity. Therefore, these terms classify polymers based on their behavior and properties.

Polymers are materials made up of macromolecules, in the form of chains with average molecular weights between 10,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol formed by the union of many mers or units through chemical bonds. This means that polymers are formed by linking together smaller units called mers or monomers through chemical bonds. This process creates long chains of repeating units, giving polymers their unique properties. The other options, such as plastic compounds, intramolecular distortions, random chemical compositions, or long chains of external elements, do not accurately describe the formation of polymers.

The degree of polymerization is a ratio of the weight molecular of the polymer to the weight molecular of the repeating unit. This ratio is used to determine the average number of repeating units in a polymer chain. By dividing the weight molecular of the polymer by the weight molecular of the repeating unit, we can calculate the degree of polymerization.

The properties of the resulting polymeric material are defined by the choice and assembly of the monomers. This means that the selection of the monomers used and how they are combined together play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and behavior of the final polymer. The specific combination and arrangement of monomers will determine factors such as the strength, flexibility, thermal stability, and other properties of the resulting material.

Los elastómeros termoplásticos se comportan tanto como termoplásticos como elastómeros debido a la variación de la temperatura. Esto se debe a que los elastómeros termoplásticos son polímeros que pueden ser fundidos y moldeados cuando se calientan, pero también tienen la capacidad de recuperar su forma original cuando se enfrían. Esta propiedad de cambio de temperatura les permite tener características tanto de un termoplástico, que puede ser moldeado repetidamente, como de un elastómero, que puede deformarse y volver a su forma original.

The correct answer is "Cadenas lineales flexibles (sin o con ramificación)". This is because polyethylene is a thermoplastic material that consists of long chains of repeating ethylene monomers. These chains can be either linear or branched, and they have a flexible structure. This flexibility allows the chains to move and slide past each other, giving polyethylene its characteristic properties such as low density, high strength, and excellent chemical resistance.

The correct answer is lineales, ramificadas, entrecruzadas, red, por cantidad de meros diferentes en el polímero. This is because the answer describes the classification of polymers based on the different types of structures they can have, such as linear, branched, cross-linked, and network structures. It also mentions that polymers can be classified based on the number of different monomers present in the polymer and the chemical structure of these monomers. Overall, the answer provides a comprehensive explanation of the different ways in which polymers can be classified based on their chemical structure and polymer chain.

In the process of addition polymerization, the double bond in the ethylene monomer needs to be broken and replaced by a single bond to form a polymer chain. This process requires the use of heat and pressure to provide the necessary energy for the bond-breaking and bond-forming reactions. Additionally, a catalyst is needed to increase the rate of the reaction and facilitate the bond-breaking process. Therefore, the appropriate combination for the addition polymerization of ethylene is heat, pressure, and catalysts.

En la polimerización por el mecanismo de condensación, se requiere la participación de al menos dos monómeros distintos en la reacción. Esto se debe a que en este tipo de polimerización, los monómeros reaccionan entre sí mediante enlaces químicos, liberando una molécula pequeña como agua u alcohol. Por lo tanto, para que ocurra la reacción de condensación y se forme un polímero, se necesitan al menos dos monómeros diferentes que puedan reaccionar entre sí.

The correct answer includes materials that are thermosetting, meaning they have many cross-links that form a stronger network structure. These materials include phenolics, amines, polyesters, epoxy, urethanes, and silicones.

The correct answer is "Monómetros aleatorios, alternos, en bloque e injertados" because a copolymer is made up of two or more different monomers that are randomly, alternately, in blocks, or grafted together. This means that the monomers can be arranged in a random sequence, alternating sequence, block sequence, or grafted onto the main polymer chain.

Polymers are generally based on carbon atoms. Carbon is a unique element that can form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing for the formation of long chains or networks of repeating units. This characteristic of carbon makes it an ideal element for constructing polymers. Additionally, carbon can also bond with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, further diversifying the properties and applications of polymers. Therefore, it can be concluded that carbon is the primary element on which polymers are based.

La deformación elástica es la capacidad de un material para recuperar su forma original después de aplicar una fuerza o estrés sobre él. En el caso de los elastómeros, esta propiedad les permite tener una estructura altamente retorcida y con enlaces cruzados, lo que les confiere su capacidad de estirarse y volver a su forma original. Por lo tanto, la deformación elástica es la propiedad excepcional que permite esta estructura en los elastómeros.