#1tes

1. Kojom anotacijom u JUnit5 obelezavamo pojedinacne jedinicne testove?

@Test

@Tests

Ne obelezavamo jedinicne testove

The correct answer is "@Test". In JUnit5, we use the "@Test" annotation to mark individual unit tests. This annotation tells the JUnit framework that the annotated method is a test method. By marking the method with this annotation, we can easily identify and execute the unit tests during the testing process. The other options mentioned, "@Tests" and "Ne obelezavamo jedinicne testove" are not valid annotations in JUnit5 for marking unit tests.

Explanation

The correct answer is "@Test". In JUnit5, we use the "@Test" annotation to mark individual unit tests. This annotation tells the JUnit framework that the annotated method is a test method. By marking the method with this annotation, we can easily identify and execute the unit tests during the testing process. The other options mentioned, "@Tests" and "Ne obelezavamo jedinicne testove" are not valid annotations in JUnit5 for marking unit tests.

2. Za kreiranje jedinicnih testova u Javi (NetBeans), koristi se sledeci framework:

Selenium

JUnit

NUnit

JUnit is the correct answer for creating unit tests in Java using NetBeans. JUnit is a widely used framework for writing and running automated tests in Java. It provides a set of annotations and assertions that help in defining and verifying the expected behavior of individual units of code. JUnit is specifically designed for unit testing and is integrated with various IDEs, including NetBeans, making it a popular choice for Java developers. Selenium and NUnit are not specifically used for creating unit tests in Java, making them incorrect options.

Explanation

JUnit is the correct answer for creating unit tests in Java using NetBeans. JUnit is a widely used framework for writing and running automated tests in Java. It provides a set of annotations and assertions that help in defining and verifying the expected behavior of individual units of code. JUnit is specifically designed for unit testing and is integrated with various IDEs, including NetBeans, making it a popular choice for Java developers. Selenium and NUnit are not specifically used for creating unit tests in Java, making them incorrect options.

3. Metoda crne kutije podrazumeva...

da nemamo dostupan kod, nego samo dokumentaciju

da nemamo dostupnu dokumentaciju, nego samo izvorni kod

The correct answer is that the black box method assumes that we do not have access to the code, but only to the documentation. This means that we can only interact with the software or system based on its inputs and outputs, without any knowledge of its internal workings.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the black box method assumes that we do not have access to the code, but only to the documentation. This means that we can only interact with the software or system based on its inputs and outputs, without any knowledge of its internal workings.

4. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

When creating tests, it is recommended to name the package containing the project classes the same as the package containing the classes being tested.

Explanation

When creating tests, it is recommended to name the package containing the project classes the same as the package containing the classes being tested.

5. Kako se zove razvojno okruzenje koje koristimo na vezbama iz ovog predmeta?

IntelliJ IDEA

NetBeans

Notepad++

vi

IntelliJ IDEA is the correct answer because it is the development environment used in exercises for this subject.

Explanation

IntelliJ IDEA is the correct answer because it is the development environment used in exercises for this subject.

6. Svaki poseban test u JUnit skripti mora kao prefiks imati:

@Assert

@After

@Test

@Before

The correct answer is "@Test" because in JUnit, the "@Test" annotation is used to indicate that a particular method is a test method. This annotation allows the JUnit framework to identify and execute the method as a test case. By including this annotation as a prefix, it ensures that the method is recognized and executed as a separate test in the JUnit script.

Explanation

The correct answer is "@Test" because in JUnit, the "@Test" annotation is used to indicate that a particular method is a test method. This annotation allows the JUnit framework to identify and execute the method as a test case. By including this annotation as a prefix, it ensures that the method is recognized and executed as a separate test in the JUnit script.

7. Trosak ispravke greske:

Raste sto se kasnije greska pronadje

Nije vazan

Opada sto se kasnije greska pronadje

Nikada nije moguce odrediti

The correct answer is "Raste sto se kasnije greska pronadje." This means that the cost of error correction increases as the error is found later. This is because the longer it takes to identify and fix an error, the more time and resources are required to rectify it. Therefore, it is more efficient and cost-effective to identify and correct errors as early as possible.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Raste sto se kasnije greska pronadje." This means that the cost of error correction increases as the error is found later. This is because the longer it takes to identify and fix an error, the more time and resources are required to rectify it. Therefore, it is more efficient and cost-effective to identify and correct errors as early as possible.

8. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

JUnit testovi su primer automatsko testiranja

JUnit testovi su primer manuelnog testiranja

JUnit testovi nisu ni automatsko, ni manuelno testiranje

JUnit testovi su primer automatskog testiranja. JUnit je popularan okvir za pisanje i izvršavanje testova u programskom jeziku Java. Testovi napisani u JUnitu se automatski izvršavaju, bez potrebe za ručnim intervencijama. Ovaj okvir omogućava programerima da definišu testove koji proveravaju ispravnost funkcionalnosti njihovog koda. Automatsko testiranje pomaže u otkrivanju grešaka i olakšava proces razvoja softvera, jer se testovi mogu izvršavati brzo i ponavljati neograničen broj puta.

Explanation

JUnit testovi su primer automatskog testiranja. JUnit je popularan okvir za pisanje i izvršavanje testova u programskom jeziku Java. Testovi napisani u JUnitu se automatski izvršavaju, bez potrebe za ručnim intervencijama. Ovaj okvir omogućava programerima da definišu testove koji proveravaju ispravnost funkcionalnosti njihovog koda. Automatsko testiranje pomaže u otkrivanju grešaka i olakšava proces razvoja softvera, jer se testovi mogu izvršavati brzo i ponavljati neograničen broj puta.

9. Testiranje je:

Proces ispravljanja bagova u aplikaciji

Proces kreiranja odgovarajuce dokumentacije za sistem

Proces izvrsavanja softvera sa test primerima

The correct answer is "Proces izvrsavanja softvera sa test primerima" which means "The process of executing software with test cases." This explanation suggests that testing involves running software with specific test cases to check its functionality and identify any bugs or issues. It emphasizes the active process of executing the software and using test cases as a means of verification.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Proces izvrsavanja softvera sa test primerima" which means "The process of executing software with test cases." This explanation suggests that testing involves running software with specific test cases to check its functionality and identify any bugs or issues. It emphasizes the active process of executing the software and using test cases as a means of verification.

10. Na osnovu uzrocno posledicnog grafa pravi se:

Tabela odlucivanja

Model stanja

Based on the causal graph, a decision table is created. A causal graph represents the cause-and-effect relationships between different variables or factors. In this case, the graph suggests that a decision table is the appropriate tool to capture and analyze the relationships between various factors and their corresponding decisions. A decision table helps in organizing and evaluating different combinations of conditions and actions, ultimately aiding in decision-making processes.

Explanation

Based on the causal graph, a decision table is created. A causal graph represents the cause-and-effect relationships between different variables or factors. In this case, the graph suggests that a decision table is the appropriate tool to capture and analyze the relationships between various factors and their corresponding decisions. A decision table helps in organizing and evaluating different combinations of conditions and actions, ultimately aiding in decision-making processes.

11. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

JUnit testovi su primer automatskog testiranja

JUnit testovi su primer manuelnog testiranja

JUnit testovi nisu ni automatsko, ni manuelno testiranje

JUnit testovi su primer automatskog testiranja zato što JUnit je framework za pisanje i izvršavanje automatskih testova u programskom jeziku Java. Automatsko testiranje se odnosi na izvršavanje testova bez intervencije korisnika, što je upravo ono što JUnit testovi omogućavaju. Ovi testovi se mogu automatizovano pokretati i ponavljati kako bi se proverila ispravnost koda i otkrile potencijalne greške. Manuelno testiranje, s druge strane, zahteva ručno izvršavanje testova od strane korisnika, što nije slučaj sa JUnit testovima.

Explanation

JUnit testovi su primer automatskog testiranja zato što JUnit je framework za pisanje i izvršavanje automatskih testova u programskom jeziku Java. Automatsko testiranje se odnosi na izvršavanje testova bez intervencije korisnika, što je upravo ono što JUnit testovi omogućavaju. Ovi testovi se mogu automatizovano pokretati i ponavljati kako bi se proverila ispravnost koda i otkrile potencijalne greške. Manuelno testiranje, s druge strane, zahteva ručno izvršavanje testova od strane korisnika, što nije slučaj sa JUnit testovima.

12. Koja je anotacija za metod u test klasi kojom ukazujemo da metod predstavlja jedinicni test?

@Test

@TestCase

@Unit

@JUnit

The correct annotation for a method in a test class that indicates that the method represents a unit test is "@Test". This annotation is commonly used in testing frameworks such as JUnit to identify and execute individual test cases. By using this annotation, the testing framework recognizes the method as a test and includes it in the test suite for execution.

Explanation

The correct annotation for a method in a test class that indicates that the method represents a unit test is "@Test". This annotation is commonly used in testing frameworks such as JUnit to identify and execute individual test cases. By using this annotation, the testing framework recognizes the method as a test and includes it in the test suite for execution.

13. Tip testiranja koji namerno testira sistem izvan normalnog kapciteta, cesto do tacke pucanja je:

load test

user acceptance test

stress test

A stress test is a type of testing that intentionally pushes a system beyond its normal capacity, often until it reaches its breaking point. This test is designed to evaluate how well the system can handle extreme conditions and heavy loads. By subjecting the system to excessive stress, any weaknesses or vulnerabilities can be identified and addressed before they cause failures or performance issues in real-world scenarios.

Explanation

A stress test is a type of testing that intentionally pushes a system beyond its normal capacity, often until it reaches its breaking point. This test is designed to evaluate how well the system can handle extreme conditions and heavy loads. By subjecting the system to excessive stress, any weaknesses or vulnerabilities can be identified and addressed before they cause failures or performance issues in real-world scenarios.

14. Koje tvrdnje su tacne?

Metoda bele kutije je kada imamo izvorni kod programa za koji treba da napisemo test

Metoda crne kutije je kada imamo izvorni kod programa za koji treba da napisemo test

Metoda bele kutije je kada imamo samo dokumentaciju koja opisuje ponasanje programa za koji treba da napisemo test

Metoda crne kutije je kada imamo samo dokumentaciju koja opisuje ponasanje programa za koji treba da napisemo test

The correct answer states that "Metoda bele kutije je kada imamo izvorni kod programa za koji treba da napišemo test" (White box method is when we have the source code of the program for which we need to write a test) and "Metoda crne kutije je kada imamo samo dokumentaciju koja opisuje ponašanje programa za koji treba da napišemo test" (Black box method is when we only have documentation that describes the behavior of the program for which we need to write a test). These statements accurately describe the concepts of white box and black box testing methods, where white box testing involves having access to the internal structure and code of the program, while black box testing relies solely on external behavior and specifications.

Explanation

The correct answer states that "Metoda bele kutije je kada imamo izvorni kod programa za koji treba da napišemo test" (White box method is when we have the source code of the program for which we need to write a test) and "Metoda crne kutije je kada imamo samo dokumentaciju koja opisuje ponašanje programa za koji treba da napišemo test" (Black box method is when we only have documentation that describes the behavior of the program for which we need to write a test). These statements accurately describe the concepts of white box and black box testing methods, where white box testing involves having access to the internal structure and code of the program, while black box testing relies solely on external behavior and specifications.

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15. Otkaz (failure) softverskog sistema je:

Bug u kodu

Nemogucnost sistema da obavi zahtevanu funkciju

Pad sistema usled nestanka struje

The correct answer is "Nemogucnost sistema da obavi zahtevanu funkciju" which translates to "Inability of the system to perform the requested function." This answer suggests that the failure of the software system is due to its inability to carry out the required task or function. It does not mention any specific technical issue like a bug in the code or a power outage.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Nemogucnost sistema da obavi zahtevanu funkciju" which translates to "Inability of the system to perform the requested function." This answer suggests that the failure of the software system is due to its inability to carry out the required task or function. It does not mention any specific technical issue like a bug in the code or a power outage.

16. Na koji nacin mozemo da ukljucimo spoljasnje biblioteke u projekat?

Ukljucivanjem JAR arhivirane biblioteke

Ukljucivanjem biblioteke sa Maven repozitorijuma

Rucnim prekucavanjem kompletnog koda biblioteke

Tako sto projekat pravimo u istom kodu gde su definisane klase projekta

We can include external libraries in a project by either including a JAR archived library or by including a library from the Maven repository.

Explanation

We can include external libraries in a project by either including a JAR archived library or by including a library from the Maven repository.

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17. Koje od navedenih imena metoda nije u skladu sa konencijom imenovanja?

isSystemGood_MustReturnFalse_IfTheSystemIsWindows

isSystemGood_ShouldReturnTrue_IfTheSystemIsGnuLinux

The method name "isSystemGood_MustReturnFalse_IfTheSystemIsWindows" is not in accordance with naming conventions because it includes unnecessary details about the expected return value and the specific condition. A better name would be "isSystemWindows" or "isWindowsSystemGood".

Explanation

The method name "isSystemGood_MustReturnFalse_IfTheSystemIsWindows" is not in accordance with naming conventions because it includes unnecessary details about the expected return value and the specific condition. A better name would be "isSystemWindows" or "isWindowsSystemGood".

18. Kako se dizajniraju testovi?

Biraju se slucajno

Testiraju se sve kombinacije ulaznih podataka

Pazljivo se planiraju i dizajniraju

The correct answer is "Pazljivo se planiraju i dizajniraju" which means "They are carefully planned and designed" in English. This answer suggests that the process of designing tests requires careful planning and consideration. It implies that tests are not chosen randomly or by testing all combinations of input data, but rather they are thoughtfully planned and designed to ensure effective and efficient testing.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pazljivo se planiraju i dizajniraju" which means "They are carefully planned and designed" in English. This answer suggests that the process of designing tests requires careful planning and consideration. It implies that tests are not chosen randomly or by testing all combinations of input data, but rather they are thoughtfully planned and designed to ensure effective and efficient testing.

19. Kod alata JUnit, upotrebom expected parametra (na osnovu knjige - JUnit4), ocekuje se:

Da nema izuzetaka

Tacno definisani izuzetak

Da se baci bilo koji izuzetak

The expected parameter in JUnit allows us to specify that a certain test should throw a specific exception. In this case, the correct answer suggests that the expected behavior is to have a precisely defined exception thrown during the test. This means that the test is designed to check if a particular exception is thrown under certain conditions, and if it is not thrown or if a different exception is thrown, the test will fail.

Explanation

The expected parameter in JUnit allows us to specify that a certain test should throw a specific exception. In this case, the correct answer suggests that the expected behavior is to have a precisely defined exception thrown during the test. This means that the test is designed to check if a particular exception is thrown under certain conditions, and if it is not thrown or if a different exception is thrown, the test will fail.

20. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

Svaka klasa treba da ima minimum jedan test koji se uz nju isporucuje i koji proverava njenu funkcionalnost

Svaka klasa treba da ima tacno jedan test koji se uz nju isporucuje i koji proverava njenu funkcionalnost

Svaka klasa ne sme da ima testove, vec mora da bude napisana bez ijedne greske

The correct answer is that every class should have at least one test that is delivered with it and checks its functionality. This means that it is important for each class to have a test that ensures its functionality is working correctly. This helps to identify any potential errors or issues with the class and allows for proper testing and verification of its functionality.

Explanation

The correct answer is that every class should have at least one test that is delivered with it and checks its functionality. This means that it is important for each class to have a test that ensures its functionality is working correctly. This helps to identify any potential errors or issues with the class and allows for proper testing and verification of its functionality.

21. U alatu JUnit, provera da li je ocekivana vrednost (expected) jednaka izracunatoj (acutal) se proverava sa metodom:

verifyEquals

assertEquals

AssertEqual

The correct method to verify if the expected value is equal to the actual value in JUnit is "assertEquals".

Explanation

The correct method to verify if the expected value is equal to the actual value in JUnit is "assertEquals".

22. Strukturno testiranje se naziva jos:

Metod crne kutije

Metod bele kutije

Funkcionalno testiranje

The correct answer is "Metod bele kutije" (Method of white box). This term refers to a testing approach where the tester has access to the internal structure and code of the system being tested. It involves testing the internal logic and paths of the application to ensure that all aspects are functioning correctly. This method is also known as white box testing because it allows the tester to see inside the "white box" of the system.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Metod bele kutije" (Method of white box). This term refers to a testing approach where the tester has access to the internal structure and code of the system being tested. It involves testing the internal logic and paths of the application to ensure that all aspects are functioning correctly. This method is also known as white box testing because it allows the tester to see inside the "white box" of the system.

23. Testiranje metodom nagadjanja gresaka (error guessing) zasniva se na:

Detaljnoj analizi specifikacije programa

Prethodnom iskustvu testera i intuiciji

Detaljnoj analizi implementaciji programa

The error guessing testing method is based on the tester's previous experience and intuition. It involves using the tester's knowledge and instincts to identify potential errors or issues in the software, even without detailed analysis of the program's specification or implementation. This approach relies on the tester's ability to anticipate and guess where errors might occur based on their past experiences and understanding of the system.

Explanation

The error guessing testing method is based on the tester's previous experience and intuition. It involves using the tester's knowledge and instincts to identify potential errors or issues in the software, even without detailed analysis of the program's specification or implementation. This approach relies on the tester's ability to anticipate and guess where errors might occur based on their past experiences and understanding of the system.

24. Ciklomatska kompleksnost grafa (V, E), gde je V skup cvorova, a E skup grana, se racuna kao:

CC=V-E+2

CC=E-V+1

CC=E-V+2

The correct answer is CC=E-V+2. The cyclomatic complexity of a graph is calculated by subtracting the number of vertices (V) from the number of edges (E) and adding 2. This formula gives the total number of independent paths in the graph, which is a measure of the complexity of the graph.

Explanation

The correct answer is CC=E-V+2. The cyclomatic complexity of a graph is calculated by subtracting the number of vertices (V) from the number of edges (E) and adding 2. This formula gives the total number of independent paths in the graph, which is a measure of the complexity of the graph.

25. U alatu JUnit, proveravanje vrednosti nekog uslova se moze raditi sa?

assertFalse (condition)

assertTrue (condition)

upotrebom expected parametra

In JUnit, the values of a condition can be checked using the methods assertFalse and assertTrue. The assertFalse method checks if the condition is false, while the assertTrue method checks if the condition is true. These methods are commonly used in test cases to verify the expected behavior of a program. The "upotrebom expected parametra" option is not a valid way to check the values of a condition in JUnit.

Explanation

In JUnit, the values of a condition can be checked using the methods assertFalse and assertTrue. The assertFalse method checks if the condition is false, while the assertTrue method checks if the condition is true. These methods are commonly used in test cases to verify the expected behavior of a program. The "upotrebom expected parametra" option is not a valid way to check the values of a condition in JUnit.

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26. Za graf sa slike odrediti CC:

4

5

6

The given answer, 5, is the correct answer for determining the CC (connected components) of the graph shown in the image. This suggests that there are 5 connected components in the graph.

Explanation

The given answer, 5, is the correct answer for determining the CC (connected components) of the graph shown in the image. This suggests that there are 5 connected components in the graph.

27. Koje od navedenih imena metoda nije u skladu sa konvencijom imenovanja?

pozdravi_ReturnsGreetingInSerbian_IfTheLanguageIsSerbian

pozdravi_ShouldReturnGreetingInSerbian_IfTheLanguageIsSerbian

The correct answer is "pozdravi_ReturnsGreetingInSerbian_IfTheLanguageIsSerbian" because it does not follow the naming convention. In the convention, method names should be written in camel case, starting with a lowercase letter, and should be descriptive of the action they perform.

Explanation

The correct answer is "pozdravi_ReturnsGreetingInSerbian_IfTheLanguageIsSerbian" because it does not follow the naming convention. In the convention, method names should be written in camel case, starting with a lowercase letter, and should be descriptive of the action they perform.

28. Ukoliko je graf toka kontrole dat sa G=(V,E). gde je V skup cvorova, a E skup grana, ciklomatska kompleksnost za dati graf se racuna kao:

CC=E-V+2

CC=E-V+1

CC=V-E+2

The correct answer is CC=E-V+2. This formula calculates the cyclomatic complexity of a control flow graph, where CC represents the cyclomatic complexity, E represents the number of edges (grana) in the graph, and V represents the number of nodes (cvorova) in the graph. By subtracting the number of nodes from the number of edges and adding 2, we can determine the cyclomatic complexity of the graph.

Explanation

The correct answer is CC=E-V+2. This formula calculates the cyclomatic complexity of a control flow graph, where CC represents the cyclomatic complexity, E represents the number of edges (grana) in the graph, and V represents the number of nodes (cvorova) in the graph. By subtracting the number of nodes from the number of edges and adding 2, we can determine the cyclomatic complexity of the graph.

29. Da li black box tehnika podrazumeva da radimo Coverage testove?

Ne, zato sto nemamo izvorni kod ciji coverage bismo proveravali

Da, zato sto uvek moramo da radimo coverage testove

The correct answer is "Ne, zato sto nemamo izvorni kod ciji coverage bismo proveravali" which translates to "No, because we do not have the source code whose coverage we would check." This answer explains that black box testing does not involve coverage testing because it focuses on testing the functionality of the software without considering the internal structure or code. Since black box testing does not require the knowledge of the source code, coverage testing is not a part of it.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ne, zato sto nemamo izvorni kod ciji coverage bismo proveravali" which translates to "No, because we do not have the source code whose coverage we would check." This answer explains that black box testing does not involve coverage testing because it focuses on testing the functionality of the software without considering the internal structure or code. Since black box testing does not require the knowledge of the source code, coverage testing is not a part of it.

30. Kako se zove biblioteka koju koristimo za pisanje jedinicnih testova?

JUnit5

JUnit4

bash skripta

Nijedno od navedenog

JUnit5 is the correct answer because it is a library used for writing unit tests in Java. It provides various features and annotations to facilitate the writing and execution of unit tests. JUnit4 is also a popular unit testing library, but JUnit5 is the newer version with additional features and improvements. Bash script and "Nijedno od navedenog" (None of the above) are not relevant to unit testing in Java, so they are not the correct answers.

Explanation

JUnit5 is the correct answer because it is a library used for writing unit tests in Java. It provides various features and annotations to facilitate the writing and execution of unit tests. JUnit4 is also a popular unit testing library, but JUnit5 is the newer version with additional features and improvements. Bash script and "Nijedno od navedenog" (None of the above) are not relevant to unit testing in Java, so they are not the correct answers.

31. Kada testiramo realne vrednosti, koristimo assertEquals metod koji ima 3 argumenta, od kojih je poslednji:

delta

error

difference

datum

When testing real values, the assertEquals method is used with three arguments. The last argument, "delta," is used to specify the maximum allowed difference between the expected and actual values. This means that the test will pass as long as the difference between the expected and actual values is within the specified delta range.

Explanation

When testing real values, the assertEquals method is used with three arguments. The last argument, "delta," is used to specify the maximum allowed difference between the expected and actual values. This means that the test will pass as long as the difference between the expected and actual values is within the specified delta range.

32. U metode crne kutije spadaju:

Testiranje granicnih vrednosti

Iscrpno testiranje

Podela na klase ekvivalencije

The correct answer is "Testiranje granicnih vrednosti" and "Podela na klase ekvivalencije". These two methods are commonly used in black box testing. Testiranje granicnih vrednosti, also known as boundary value testing, involves testing the boundaries or limits of input values to ensure that the system behaves correctly. Podela na klase ekvivalencije, or equivalence partitioning, involves dividing the input data into groups or classes that are expected to exhibit similar behavior. By testing representative values from each class, we can ensure that the system handles different inputs correctly.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Testiranje granicnih vrednosti" and "Podela na klase ekvivalencije". These two methods are commonly used in black box testing. Testiranje granicnih vrednosti, also known as boundary value testing, involves testing the boundaries or limits of input values to ensure that the system behaves correctly. Podela na klase ekvivalencije, or equivalence partitioning, involves dividing the input data into groups or classes that are expected to exhibit similar behavior. By testing representative values from each class, we can ensure that the system handles different inputs correctly.

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33. Pokrivanje putanja obezbedjuje:

Samo pokrivenost odluka

I pokrivenost iskaza, i pokrivenost odluka

Samo pokrivenost iskaza

Pokrivanje putanja obezbeđuje i pokrivenost iskaza i pokrivenost odluka. Ovo znači da se prilikom testiranja programa moraju pokriti sve moguće putanje koda, kako bi se obezbedila potpuna pokrivenost svih iskaza (linija koda) i odluka (grananja u kodu). Samo pokrivanje iskaza ne garantuje da su sve moguće putanje koda testirane, dok samo pokrivanje odluka ne garantuje da su sve linije koda testirane. Kombinacija pokrivenosti iskaza i odluka obezbeđuje najviši nivo pokrivenosti i verovatnoće otkrivanja grešaka u programu.

Explanation

Pokrivanje putanja obezbeđuje i pokrivenost iskaza i pokrivenost odluka. Ovo znači da se prilikom testiranja programa moraju pokriti sve moguće putanje koda, kako bi se obezbedila potpuna pokrivenost svih iskaza (linija koda) i odluka (grananja u kodu). Samo pokrivanje iskaza ne garantuje da su sve moguće putanje koda testirane, dok samo pokrivanje odluka ne garantuje da su sve linije koda testirane. Kombinacija pokrivenosti iskaza i odluka obezbeđuje najviši nivo pokrivenosti i verovatnoće otkrivanja grešaka u programu.

34. Sta je alfa testiranje?

Tip acceptance testiranja, gde se simuliraju stvarni korisnici, a testiranje vrsi interni QA tim firme koji je razvijao softver

Tip acceptance testiranja, koje izvrsavaju stvarni korisnici

Feedback o kvalitetu koji se dobija od ogranicenog broja krajnjih korisnika kojima je dostavljena verzija softvera

Alfa testiranje je tip acceptance testiranja gde se simuliraju stvarni korisnici, a testiranje vrši interni QA tim firme koji je razvijao softver. Ova vrsta testiranja se obično sprovodi pre nego što se softver pusti u produkciju i omogućava timu da identifikuje bilo kakve greške ili nedostatke pre nego što softver bude dostupan širokom krugu korisnika. Ova faza testiranja takođe omogućava internom QA timu da prikupi povratne informacije o kvalitetu softvera od stvarnih korisnika, što može biti korisno za dalje poboljšanje softvera.

Explanation

Alfa testiranje je tip acceptance testiranja gde se simuliraju stvarni korisnici, a testiranje vrši interni QA tim firme koji je razvijao softver. Ova vrsta testiranja se obično sprovodi pre nego što se softver pusti u produkciju i omogućava timu da identifikuje bilo kakve greške ili nedostatke pre nego što softver bude dostupan širokom krugu korisnika. Ova faza testiranja takođe omogućava internom QA timu da prikupi povratne informacije o kvalitetu softvera od stvarnih korisnika, što može biti korisno za dalje poboljšanje softvera.

35. Koja je verzija JUnit biblioteke koju koristimo za pisanje testova na ovom predmetu?

5

4

3

11

8

The correct answer is 5 because it is the version of the JUnit library that is used for writing tests in this subject.

Explanation

The correct answer is 5 because it is the version of the JUnit library that is used for writing tests in this subject.

36. Ukoliko ulaz programa mora da bude u intervalu 1-100, ispravni testovi granicnih vrednosti su:

1, 50, 100

0, 2, 99, 101

0, 1, 2, 99, 100, 101

The correct answer includes all the possible boundary values for the input interval of 1-100. This means that the correct answer includes the minimum value (0), the maximum value (100), and values just outside the interval (1 and 99). Additionally, it also includes values that are significantly outside the interval (2 and 101) to test the program's robustness and error handling capabilities.

Explanation

The correct answer includes all the possible boundary values for the input interval of 1-100. This means that the correct answer includes the minimum value (0), the maximum value (100), and values just outside the interval (1 and 99). Additionally, it also includes values that are significantly outside the interval (2 and 101) to test the program's robustness and error handling capabilities.

37. Sta je incident?

Bug pronadjen u softveru za vreme testiranja

Lose rukovanje sistemom od strane korisnika aplikacije

Simptom koji uocava korisnik i postaje svestan da postoji otkaz u sistemu

An incident refers to a symptom that is noticed by the user and makes them aware that there is a failure in the system. It is not related to a bug found during software testing or poor handling of the system by the application user.

Explanation

An incident refers to a symptom that is noticed by the user and makes them aware that there is a failure in the system. It is not related to a bug found during software testing or poor handling of the system by the application user.

38. Kada radimo testiranje celobrojnih vrednosti, o cemu moramo da vodimo racuna?

O tome da celi brojevi, zbog nacina binarnog zapisa, ne daju uvek predvidive rezultate

O tome da celi brojevi nikada ne mogu da se zavrsavaju sa 0

Ne moramo ni o cemu posebno da vodimo racuna kada radimo sa celobrojnim vrednostima

When performing testing on integer values, we don't need to take any special precautions. This means that we don't need to worry about any specific issues or considerations when working with integer values.

Explanation

When performing testing on integer values, we don't need to take any special precautions. This means that we don't need to worry about any specific issues or considerations when working with integer values.

39. Strukturno testiranje se moze izvrsiti na:

Samo na sistemskom nivou

Svim nivoima (jedinicno, integraciono, sistemsko)

Samo na integracionom nivou

Samo na jedinicnom nivou

Structural testing can be performed at all levels (unit, integration, system). This means that it can be conducted at each stage of the software development process, from testing individual units of code (unit testing) to testing the integration of multiple units (integration testing) and finally testing the entire system as a whole (system testing). By conducting structural testing at all levels, it ensures that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested and any potential issues or bugs are identified and resolved.

Explanation

Structural testing can be performed at all levels (unit, integration, system). This means that it can be conducted at each stage of the software development process, from testing individual units of code (unit testing) to testing the integration of multiple units (integration testing) and finally testing the entire system as a whole (system testing). By conducting structural testing at all levels, it ensures that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested and any potential issues or bugs are identified and resolved.

40. Da li je moguce pronaci i eliminisati sve bagove u softveru koji nije trivijalan?

Uvek

Ponekad, u zavisnosti od kvaliteta koda i programera

Nikada

The answer "Nikada" suggests that it is not possible to find and eliminate all bugs in non-trivial software. This is because software development is a complex and iterative process, and even with thorough testing and debugging, it is unlikely to achieve complete bug-free software. Bugs can arise from various factors such as coding errors, system interactions, or unforeseen scenarios. Additionally, new bugs can emerge as software evolves and is used in different environments. Therefore, it is more realistic to aim for minimizing and managing bugs rather than completely eliminating them.

Explanation

The answer "Nikada" suggests that it is not possible to find and eliminate all bugs in non-trivial software. This is because software development is a complex and iterative process, and even with thorough testing and debugging, it is unlikely to achieve complete bug-free software. Bugs can arise from various factors such as coding errors, system interactions, or unforeseen scenarios. Additionally, new bugs can emerge as software evolves and is used in different environments. Therefore, it is more realistic to aim for minimizing and managing bugs rather than completely eliminating them.

41. Na koji nacin u Java programu ispisujemo neki podatak na standardni izlaz?

System.out.print

System.out.println

System.out.printf

echo

print

System.output

In a Java program, we can use the methods System.out.print, System.out.println, and System.out.printf to display data on the standard output. These methods are provided by the System class in Java and allow us to print text or values to the console. The echo and print options are not valid methods in Java for printing to the standard output. Similarly, there is no method called System.output.

Explanation

In a Java program, we can use the methods System.out.print, System.out.println, and System.out.printf to display data on the standard output. These methods are provided by the System class in Java and allow us to print text or values to the console. The echo and print options are not valid methods in Java for printing to the standard output. Similarly, there is no method called System.output.

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42. Sta je tacno za industrijski softver:

Prisustvo gresaka (iako nije preporucjivo), nije kriticno

Resava konkretan problem korisnika

Dokumentacija nije neophodna

Razvija se sa tacno definisanim ciljem

Industrial software is designed to solve specific problems for users and is developed with a clearly defined objective. While it is not recommended, the presence of errors in the software is not critical. Documentation may or may not be necessary depending on the complexity of the software and the target audience.

Explanation

Industrial software is designed to solve specific problems for users and is developed with a clearly defined objective. While it is not recommended, the presence of errors in the software is not critical. Documentation may or may not be necessary depending on the complexity of the software and the target audience.

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43. Koja od navedenih imena metoda nisu u skladu sa konvencijom imenovanja?

isVisible_ShouldReturnTrue_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo1

isVisible_ShouldReturnFalse_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo0

isVisible_MustReturnTrue_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo1

isVisible_MustReturnFalse_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo0

The correct answer is "isVisible_MustReturnTrue_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo1" and "isVisible_MustReturnFalse_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo0". These method names do not follow the naming convention because they use "Must" instead of "Should" in the naming. The convention typically suggests using "Should" for method names that describe expected behavior, while "Must" implies a requirement or obligation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "isVisible_MustReturnTrue_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo1" and "isVisible_MustReturnFalse_IfPageHasAttributeVisibleSetTo0". These method names do not follow the naming convention because they use "Must" instead of "Should" in the naming. The convention typically suggests using "Should" for method names that describe expected behavior, while "Must" implies a requirement or obligation.

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44. Pomocu kog staticnog metoda Stream klase kreiramo tok od vise od jednog objekta?

of

if

od

more

map

The correct answer is "of". The static method "of" in the Stream class is used to create a stream from multiple objects. It takes a variable number of arguments and returns a stream consisting of those objects. This allows us to easily create a stream with more than one object without having to manually add each object to the stream.

Explanation

The correct answer is "of". The static method "of" in the Stream class is used to create a stream from multiple objects. It takes a variable number of arguments and returns a stream consisting of those objects. This allows us to easily create a stream with more than one object without having to manually add each object to the stream.

45. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

Prilikom testiranja metodom crne kutije, pisemo testove samo za metode koje su dokumentovane, cak iako postoje druge koje nisu

Prilikom testiranja metodom crne kutije, pisemo testove samo za sve metode, bez obzira da li su dokumentovane ili ne

Nijedno od preostalih navedenih tvrdnji nije tacna

The correct answer states that during black-box testing, tests are only written for documented methods, even if there are other methods that are not documented. This means that the focus is on testing the functionality of the documented methods while disregarding any undocumented methods.

Explanation

The correct answer states that during black-box testing, tests are only written for documented methods, even if there are other methods that are not documented. This means that the focus is on testing the functionality of the documented methods while disregarding any undocumented methods.

46. Kada radimo sa testiranjem realnih vrednosti, o cemu moramo da vodimo racuna?

O tome da relani brojei, zbog nacina binarnog zapisa, mogu da budu pogresno zaokruzeni

O tome da realni brojevi nikada nisu zaokruzeni na jednu decimalu

Ne moramo ni o cemu posebno da vodimo racuna kada radimo sa realnim vrednostima

When working with testing real values, it is important to consider that real numbers can be inaccurately rounded due to the binary representation method. This means that the representation of real numbers in binary can introduce rounding errors, leading to potential inaccuracies in calculations and comparisons.

Explanation

When working with testing real values, it is important to consider that real numbers can be inaccurately rounded due to the binary representation method. This means that the representation of real numbers in binary can introduce rounding errors, leading to potential inaccuracies in calculations and comparisons.

47. Po kom redosledu treba izvrsiti testove? ***

Najteze testove treba izvrsiti prvo (kako bi se obezbedilo maksimalno vreme za ispravku)

Najlakse testove treba izvrsiti prvo ( kako bi se steklo inicijalno poverenje u sistem)

Najvaznije testove treba izvrsiti prvo

Testove treba izvrsavati po redosledu njihovog kreiranja

The correct answer is to execute the tests in the order of their creation. This means that the tests should be performed in the sequence they were developed or written. This approach ensures that the testing process follows a logical and chronological order, allowing for a systematic and organized evaluation of the system's functionality. By executing the tests in the order of their creation, any issues or bugs that arise can be traced back to the specific test case, making it easier to identify and rectify the problems.

Explanation

The correct answer is to execute the tests in the order of their creation. This means that the tests should be performed in the sequence they were developed or written. This approach ensures that the testing process follows a logical and chronological order, allowing for a systematic and organized evaluation of the system's functionality. By executing the tests in the order of their creation, any issues or bugs that arise can be traced back to the specific test case, making it easier to identify and rectify the problems.

48. Ukoliko pomatramo unos datuma, granicne vrednosti za unos meseca su:

-1, 0, 13, 14

1, 2, 11, 12

-1, 1, 11, 13

0, 1, 12, 13

The correct answer is 0, 1, 12, 13. This is because the months in a year are typically represented by numbers ranging from 1 to 12. Therefore, the valid inputs for the month would be 1, 2, 3, ..., 12. The options -1, 0, 13, and 14 are outside of this range and would be considered invalid inputs for the month.

Explanation

The correct answer is 0, 1, 12, 13. This is because the months in a year are typically represented by numbers ranging from 1 to 12. Therefore, the valid inputs for the month would be 1, 2, 3, ..., 12. The options -1, 0, 13, and 14 are outside of this range and would be considered invalid inputs for the month.

49. U testiranju podelom na klase ekvivalencije, sve vrednosti unutar iste klase ce:

Proizvesti razlicit rezultat

Proivesti isti rezultat

Pronaci iste greske

When testing using equivalence partitioning, all values within the same class will produce the same result and identify the same errors. This is because equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input values into groups or classes that are expected to behave in the same way. By testing a representative value from each class, we can ensure that the behavior is consistent within that class. Therefore, the correct answer is "Proivesti isti rezultat, Pronaci iste greske."

Explanation

When testing using equivalence partitioning, all values within the same class will produce the same result and identify the same errors. This is because equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input values into groups or classes that are expected to behave in the same way. By testing a representative value from each class, we can ensure that the behavior is consistent within that class. Therefore, the correct answer is "Proivesti isti rezultat, Pronaci iste greske."

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50. Koja je precica za generisanje komponenata klase u IntelliJ IDEA razvojnom okruzenju?

Alt+Insert

Ctrl+Insert

Ctrl+I

Ctrl+Enter

The shortcut Alt+Insert is used to generate class components in IntelliJ IDEA development environment.

Explanation

The shortcut Alt+Insert is used to generate class components in IntelliJ IDEA development environment.

51. Sta je greska?

Sistem nije u stanju da izvrsi trazenu funkciju

Napravi je covek, za vreme specifikacije zahteva ili pisanja koda

Programu nedostaje nesto, ili funkcionalnost postoji ali ne radi kako je ocekivano

The correct answer is "Napravi je covek, za vreme specifikacije zahteva ili pisanja koda" which translates to "It is made by a human, during requirements specification or coding." This answer suggests that errors in the system are caused by mistakes made by humans during the process of defining requirements or writing code.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Napravi je covek, za vreme specifikacije zahteva ili pisanja koda" which translates to "It is made by a human, during requirements specification or coding." This answer suggests that errors in the system are caused by mistakes made by humans during the process of defining requirements or writing code.

52. Koja od navedenih imena nisu u skladu sa konvencijom imenovanja?

printUsername_ShouldPrintTheUsernameParameter

printFullName_ShouldPrintTheUsersFullName

printUsername_WillPrintTheUsernameParameter

printFullName_WillPrintTheUsersFullName

The correct answer is "printUsername_WillPrintTheUsernameParameter, printFullName_WillPrintTheUsersFullName." These names are not in accordance with naming conventions because they use underscores (_) to separate words instead of using camel case. In camel case, the first letter of each word is capitalized except for the first word. The correct names should be "printUsernameShouldPrintTheUsernameParameter" and "printFullNameShouldPrintTheUsersFullName."

Explanation

The correct answer is "printUsername_WillPrintTheUsernameParameter, printFullName_WillPrintTheUsersFullName." These names are not in accordance with naming conventions because they use underscores (_) to separate words instead of using camel case. In camel case, the first letter of each word is capitalized except for the first word. The correct names should be "printUsernameShouldPrintTheUsernameParameter" and "printFullNameShouldPrintTheUsersFullName."

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53. Svaki poseban test u JUnit skripti pisemo kao:

Klasu

Apstraktnu klasu

Unutrasnju klasu

Interfejs

Metod

The correct answer is "Metod". In JUnit scripts, each individual test is written as a method. Methods in JUnit are annotated with the @Test annotation and are responsible for executing a specific test case. These methods contain the actual test logic and assertions to verify the expected behavior of the code being tested. Therefore, the correct answer is "Metod".

Explanation

The correct answer is "Metod". In JUnit scripts, each individual test is written as a method. Methods in JUnit are annotated with the @Test annotation and are responsible for executing a specific test case. These methods contain the actual test logic and assertions to verify the expected behavior of the code being tested. Therefore, the correct answer is "Metod".

54. U alatu JUnit, kada je potrebno da privremeno preskocimo izvrsavanje nekog testa, i da se u izvestaju navede da taj test nije izvrsen, to se postize sa:

@Skip

@Override

@TearDown

@Ignore

The correct answer is @Ignore. This annotation is used in JUnit when we need to temporarily skip the execution of a test and indicate in the report that the test was not executed. By using @Ignore, the test will be ignored and not executed, and this will be reflected in the test report.

Explanation

The correct answer is @Ignore. This annotation is used in JUnit when we need to temporarily skip the execution of a test and indicate in the report that the test was not executed. By using @Ignore, the test will be ignored and not executed, and this will be reflected in the test report.

55. Koje od navedenih imena metoda nije u skladu sa konvencijom imenovanja?

pozdravi_ShouldTrowLanguageNotSupportedException_WhenTheLanguageIsNotSupported

pozdravi_ShouldTrowLanguageNotSupportedException_IfTheLanguageIsNotSupported

The method name "pozdravi_ShouldTrowLanguageNotSupportedException_WhenTheLanguageIsNotSupported" is not in accordance with the naming convention because it contains a typo. The word "Throw" is misspelled as "Trow".

Explanation

The method name "pozdravi_ShouldTrowLanguageNotSupportedException_WhenTheLanguageIsNotSupported" is not in accordance with the naming convention because it contains a typo. The word "Throw" is misspelled as "Trow".

56. Ukoliko je uslov da neka ulazna velicina bude celobrojna u rasponu 1-10, koliko klasa ekvivalencije postoji ukupno:

3

4

5

The question is asking for the total number of equivalence classes when the condition is that the input size must be an integer in the range of 1-10. The correct answer is 3 because there are three possible equivalence classes: one for inputs less than 1, one for inputs between 1 and 10 (inclusive), and one for inputs greater than 10.

Explanation

The question is asking for the total number of equivalence classes when the condition is that the input size must be an integer in the range of 1-10. The correct answer is 3 because there are three possible equivalence classes: one for inputs less than 1, one for inputs between 1 and 10 (inclusive), and one for inputs greater than 10.

57. Pokrivanje odluka se zasniva na:

Testira svaka kombinacija elementarnih uslova kompleksnog uslova

Svaki elementarni deo kompleksnog uslova uzme i true i false vrednosti

Biranju testova tako da se svaka od razlicitih grana uslovnih iskaza izvrsi bar jednom

The correct answer suggests that decision coverage is based on choosing tests in such a way that each of the different branches of conditional statements is executed at least once. This means that during testing, all possible outcomes of the conditional statements are tested to ensure that each branch is covered and evaluated. This approach helps in identifying any potential errors or issues that may arise from different conditions and their corresponding branches.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that decision coverage is based on choosing tests in such a way that each of the different branches of conditional statements is executed at least once. This means that during testing, all possible outcomes of the conditional statements are tested to ensure that each branch is covered and evaluated. This approach helps in identifying any potential errors or issues that may arise from different conditions and their corresponding branches.

58. Cinjenice koje vaze za alfa testiranje:

Simuliraju se stvarni korisnici

Izvrsava se u laboratorijskom okruzenju

Izvrsavaju korisnici i daju feedback

The correct answer is "Simuliraju se stvarni korisnici, Izvrsava se u laboratorijskom okruzenju." This means that during alpha testing, real users are simulated and the testing is carried out in a controlled laboratory environment. This allows for the evaluation of the software's performance and functionality in a controlled setting before it is released to the actual users. Additionally, during alpha testing, users provide feedback on their experience with the software, which helps in identifying any issues or improvements that need to be addressed before the final release.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Simuliraju se stvarni korisnici, Izvrsava se u laboratorijskom okruzenju." This means that during alpha testing, real users are simulated and the testing is carried out in a controlled laboratory environment. This allows for the evaluation of the software's performance and functionality in a controlled setting before it is released to the actual users. Additionally, during alpha testing, users provide feedback on their experience with the software, which helps in identifying any issues or improvements that need to be addressed before the final release.

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59. Da li ima potrebe posebno testirati konstruktor klase ako je jedini konstruktor te klase?

Ne, zato sto ce taj konstruktor svakako biti pozvan za kreiranje objekata koji se koriste u pojedinacnim testovima

Ne, zato sto ne mozemo da proverimo vrednosti privatnih clanova podataka unutar objekta koju konstruktor klase napravi

Da, zato sto svaki metod, pa i konstruktor moraju da budu testirani da bi se ostvarila potpuna okrivenost (coverage)

The explanation for the given correct answer is that there is no need to specifically test the constructor of a class if it is the only constructor because it will be automatically called when creating objects used in individual tests. Therefore, testing the constructor separately would be redundant and unnecessary.

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that there is no need to specifically test the constructor of a class if it is the only constructor because it will be automatically called when creating objects used in individual tests. Therefore, testing the constructor separately would be redundant and unnecessary.

60. Load test sluzi za:

Odredjivanje ponasanja sistema kako pod normalnim opterecenjem, tako i pod ocekivanim najvecim opterecenjem

Identifikaciju maksimalnog operativnog kapaciteta sistema

Dovodjenje sistema do tacke pucanja

Load test se koristi za određivanje ponašanja sistema kako pod normalnim opterećenjem, tako i pod očekivanim najvećim opterećenjem. Takođe se koristi i za identifikaciju maksimalnog operativnog kapaciteta sistema.

Explanation

Load test se koristi za određivanje ponašanja sistema kako pod normalnim opterećenjem, tako i pod očekivanim najvećim opterećenjem. Takođe se koristi i za identifikaciju maksimalnog operativnog kapaciteta sistema.

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61. Cilj integracionog testiranja je:

Testiranje izolovanih jedinica izvornog koda, odnosno delova klase

Detaljno testiranje svake jedinice

Verifikacija funkcionalnosti, performansi i robusnosti izmedju integrisanih modula

The correct answer is "Verifikacija funkcionalnosti, performansi i robusnosti izmedju integrisanih modula." This is because integration testing aims to verify the functionality, performance, and robustness between integrated modules. It focuses on testing the interaction and communication between different components or modules in a system to ensure that they work together as intended.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Verifikacija funkcionalnosti, performansi i robusnosti izmedju integrisanih modula." This is because integration testing aims to verify the functionality, performance, and robustness between integrated modules. It focuses on testing the interaction and communication between different components or modules in a system to ensure that they work together as intended.

62. Koja tvrdnja je tacna?

Testiranje metodom crne kutije podrazumeva da obavezno kazemo programerima u kojem metodu je najverovatnije greska

Testiranje metodom crne kutije podrazumeva da obavezno kazemo programerima tacno u kojem metodu je greska

Testiranje metodom crne kutije podrazumeva da ni slucajno ne kazemo programerima u kojem metodu je greska

Testiranje metodom crne kutije podrazumeva da obavezno kazemo programerima u kojem metodu je najverovatnije greska. This answer suggests that in black box testing, it is necessary to inform the programmers about the method in which the error is most likely to be found. This helps the programmers to focus their debugging efforts on that specific method and increases the efficiency of the testing process.

Explanation

Testiranje metodom crne kutije podrazumeva da obavezno kazemo programerima u kojem metodu je najverovatnije greska. This answer suggests that in black box testing, it is necessary to inform the programmers about the method in which the error is most likely to be found. This helps the programmers to focus their debugging efforts on that specific method and increases the efficiency of the testing process.

63. Pomocu kog staticnog metoda Arguments klase kreiramo Arguments objekat sa vise od jednog objekta u spisku argumenata?

of

od

more

map

list

newInstance

getInstance

The correct answer is "of".

Explanation

The correct answer is "of".

64. Zbog cega se primarno testiranje deli u odvojene faze?

Svaka faza testiranja ima tacno odredjenu svrhu

Sto je vise faza, testiranje je bolje

Lakse se upravlja procesom testiranja

Testovi se mogu izvrsavati u ralzicitim okruzenjima

Primarno testiranje se deli u odvojene faze jer svaka faza ima svoju specifičnu svrhu. Ovaj pristup omogućava da se testiranje organizuje i strukturiše na efikasan način, što olakšava praćenje napretka i identifikaciju eventualnih problema. Takođe, svaka faza testiranja se može fokusirati na određeni aspekt ili funkcionalnost sistema, što omogućava temeljnije ispitivanje i otkrivanje grešaka.

Explanation

Primarno testiranje se deli u odvojene faze jer svaka faza ima svoju specifičnu svrhu. Ovaj pristup omogućava da se testiranje organizuje i strukturiše na efikasan način, što olakšava praćenje napretka i identifikaciju eventualnih problema. Takođe, svaka faza testiranja se može fokusirati na određeni aspekt ili funkcionalnost sistema, što omogućava temeljnije ispitivanje i otkrivanje grešaka.

65. Sta od ponudjenih odgovora ne bi trebalo da bude cilj testiranja?

Pronalazenje gresaka u softveru

Procena da li je softver spreman za release

Dokazivanje da je softver ispravan

Demonstracija da softver ne radi

The goal of testing is to identify errors or bugs in the software, assess whether the software is ready for release, and prove that the software is functioning correctly. However, demonstrating that the software does not work is not a goal of testing. Testing aims to ensure that the software functions as intended, not to demonstrate its failure.

Explanation

The goal of testing is to identify errors or bugs in the software, assess whether the software is ready for release, and prove that the software is functioning correctly. However, demonstrating that the software does not work is not a goal of testing. Testing aims to ensure that the software functions as intended, not to demonstrate its failure.

66. Kod testiranja petlji, sta od navedenog ne treba primeniti pri odabiru testova (n je maksimalni broj mogucih iteracija petlje):

Preskociti potpuno telo petlje

n-1, n, n+1 iteracije

2n iteracije

Jedna iteracija petlje

The option "2n iteracije" should not be applied when selecting tests in loop testing. This is because the number of iterations in a loop is typically determined by the input size or a specific condition, and it is not necessary to test for exactly 2 times the input size (2n). Testing for 2n iterations would be excessive and may not provide any additional benefit in terms of coverage or finding defects.

Explanation

The option "2n iteracije" should not be applied when selecting tests in loop testing. This is because the number of iterations in a loop is typically determined by the input size or a specific condition, and it is not necessary to test for exactly 2 times the input size (2n). Testing for 2n iterations would be excessive and may not provide any additional benefit in terms of coverage or finding defects.

67. U JUnit alatu, kada se izbacuje izuzetak java.lang.AssertionError?

Ukoliko se vrednosti expected (ocekivana vrednost) i actual (izracunata u kodu koji se testira) ne poklapaju

Ukoliko je doslo do bacanja izuzetka u izvrsavanju koda koji se testira

Ukoliko nije doslo do bacanja ocekivanog izuzetka u izvrsavanju koda koji se testira

When the expected value and the actual value, which is calculated in the code being tested, do not match, an AssertionError is thrown in JUnit. This means that the test has failed because the expected outcome does not match the actual outcome.

Explanation

When the expected value and the actual value, which is calculated in the code being tested, do not match, an AssertionError is thrown in JUnit. This means that the test has failed because the expected outcome does not match the actual outcome.

68. Kojom anotacijom obelezavamo parametarizovani test?

@ParameterizedTest

@ParameterTest

@TestWithParameters

@Test

The correct answer is @ParameterizedTest. This annotation is used to mark a parameterized test in Java. Parameterized tests allow us to run the same test multiple times with different input values. By using this annotation, we can easily provide different sets of parameter values to our test method.

Explanation

The correct answer is @ParameterizedTest. This annotation is used to mark a parameterized test in Java. Parameterized tests allow us to run the same test multiple times with different input values. By using this annotation, we can easily provide different sets of parameter values to our test method.

69. Kada je klasa napravljena koriscenjem Singleton Design Pattern-a, kako se najcesce zove staticka konstruktorska funkcija objekta takve klase?

getInstance

newInstance

create

isto kao ime klase

When a class is created using the Singleton Design Pattern, the most common name for the static constructor function of an object of that class is "getInstance". This function is responsible for returning the instance of the class, ensuring that only one instance is created and providing global access to it.

Explanation

When a class is created using the Singleton Design Pattern, the most common name for the static constructor function of an object of that class is "getInstance". This function is responsible for returning the instance of the class, ensuring that only one instance is created and providing global access to it.

70. Sta je mana, odnosno defekt (fault)?

Greska u kodu

Sistem ne moze da izvrsi zahtevanu funkcionalnost

Posledica greske - programu nedostaje nesto, odnosno funkcionalnost postoji ali ne radi kako je definisano

The correct answer is explaining that a fault or defect refers to a situation where the program lacks something, meaning that the functionality exists but does not work as defined. This suggests that there is an error or issue in the program that prevents it from functioning correctly according to its specifications.

Explanation

The correct answer is explaining that a fault or defect refers to a situation where the program lacks something, meaning that the functionality exists but does not work as defined. This suggests that there is an error or issue in the program that prevents it from functioning correctly according to its specifications.

71. Kada je najbolje primeniti metodu nagadjanja gresaka?

Kada su u timu neiskusni testeri

Kao prvi pristup za odredjivanje i definisanje testova

Nakon primene formalnijih tehnika testiranja

Nakon sto sistem bude pusten u produkciju

The correct answer states that the method of error guessing should be applied after the application of more formal testing techniques. This suggests that error guessing is not the primary or initial approach for determining and defining tests, but rather a supplementary method that can be used once more formal techniques have been exhausted.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the method of error guessing should be applied after the application of more formal testing techniques. This suggests that error guessing is not the primary or initial approach for determining and defining tests, but rather a supplementary method that can be used once more formal techniques have been exhausted.

72. Ukoliko zelimo da testiramo metodu i ocekujemo da izbaci IllegalArgumentException, moramo staviti u zaglavlje testa (na osnovu knjige-JUnit4):

(expected = IllegalArgumentExcepion.class)

(expected = Exception)

(throws IllegalArgumentException)

The correct answer is "(expected = IllegalArgumentExcepion.class)" because in JUnit4, if we want to test a method and expect it to throw an IllegalArgumentException, we need to annotate the test method with the expected exception using the syntax "(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)". This annotation tells JUnit that the test is expected to throw the specified exception, and if it does not throw that exception, the test will fail.

Explanation

The correct answer is "(expected = IllegalArgumentExcepion.class)" because in JUnit4, if we want to test a method and expect it to throw an IllegalArgumentException, we need to annotate the test method with the expected exception using the syntax "(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)". This annotation tells JUnit that the test is expected to throw the specified exception, and if it does not throw that exception, the test will fail.

73. Sta je graf toka kontrole?

Reprezentacija programa u obliku grafa, i implicitno pokazuje putanje izvrsavanja

Graf koji se izvodi iz tabele odlucivanja

Graf koji pokazuje uzroke i njihove posledice

The correct answer is "Reprezentacija programa u obliku grafa, i implicitno pokazuje putanje izvrsavanja." This answer suggests that a control flow graph is a representation of a program in the form of a graph, where the nodes represent different parts of the program and the edges represent the flow of control between these parts. It also implies that the graph implicitly shows the possible paths of execution within the program.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Reprezentacija programa u obliku grafa, i implicitno pokazuje putanje izvrsavanja." This answer suggests that a control flow graph is a representation of a program in the form of a graph, where the nodes represent different parts of the program and the edges represent the flow of control between these parts. It also implies that the graph implicitly shows the possible paths of execution within the program.

74. Koja je precica za popup meni u kojem je dostupna opcija za generisanje testa kada je selektovano ime klase?

Alt+Enter

Ctrl+Space

Alt+Insert

Ctrl+Insert

The correct answer is Alt+Enter. This keyboard shortcut is commonly used in programming environments, such as IDEs, to access a popup menu that provides various options and suggestions related to the selected code. In this specific case, when the class name is selected, pressing Alt+Enter would open a popup menu that includes the option to generate a test.

Explanation

The correct answer is Alt+Enter. This keyboard shortcut is commonly used in programming environments, such as IDEs, to access a popup menu that provides various options and suggestions related to the selected code. In this specific case, when the class name is selected, pressing Alt+Enter would open a popup menu that includes the option to generate a test.

75. Testiranje granicnih vrednosti se bazira na:

Odabiru po jednog reprezentativnog testa za svaku ulaznu klasu

Odabiru testova na granicama, po jedan test za svaku granicnu vrednost

Odabiru testova na osnovu detaljnog ispitivanja koda

The correct answer is "Odabiru testova na granicama, po jedan test za svaku granicnu vrednost." This means that boundary value testing involves selecting tests that focus on the boundaries of input values. One test is selected for each boundary value to ensure that the system behaves correctly at the edges of the input range. This approach helps to identify any issues or errors that may occur specifically at the boundaries of the input values.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Odabiru testova na granicama, po jedan test za svaku granicnu vrednost." This means that boundary value testing involves selecting tests that focus on the boundaries of input values. One test is selected for each boundary value to ensure that the system behaves correctly at the edges of the input range. This approach helps to identify any issues or errors that may occur specifically at the boundaries of the input values.

76. Ukoliko greske u softveru otkriju krajnji korisnici sistema nakon pustanja u produkciju, razlozi su:

Nedovoljno vremena za testiranje

Lose sprovedeno testiranje

Los kvalitet softvera

Losa sreca

The correct answer is "Lose sprovedeno testiranje, Los kvalitet softvera." This means that the reasons for software errors being discovered by end users after production release are poorly conducted testing and poor software quality. This suggests that the testing process was not thorough or effective enough to identify and fix potential issues before the software was released to users. Additionally, the software itself may have been developed with low quality standards, leading to a higher likelihood of errors and bugs occurring.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Lose sprovedeno testiranje, Los kvalitet softvera." This means that the reasons for software errors being discovered by end users after production release are poorly conducted testing and poor software quality. This suggests that the testing process was not thorough or effective enough to identify and fix potential issues before the software was released to users. Additionally, the software itself may have been developed with low quality standards, leading to a higher likelihood of errors and bugs occurring.

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77. Kada je izvor parametara nekog parametarizovanog testa metod, on treba da vrati rezultat kog tipa?

Stream <Arguments>

Stream <Argument>

Streams <Arguments>

Streams <Argument>

Stream <Object>

Streams <Objects>

The correct answer is Stream . This is because when the source of parameters for a parameterized test method is a Stream, it should return a Stream of Arguments. The other options, such as Stream , Streams , Streams , Stream

Explanation

The correct answer is Stream . This is because when the source of parameters for a parameterized test method is a Stream, it should return a Stream of Arguments. The other options, such as Stream , Streams , Streams , Stream

78. Kod strukturnog testiranja, testovi se pisu na osnovu:

Specifikacije

Detaljnog dizajna sistema

Koda

In structural testing, tests are written based on the detailed design of the system and the code. This means that the tests are created by examining the specific design of the system and the actual code implementation. By focusing on the detailed design and the code, structural testing aims to ensure that the individual components and their interactions are thoroughly tested, leading to a more comprehensive assessment of the system's functionality and performance.

Explanation

In structural testing, tests are written based on the detailed design of the system and the code. This means that the tests are created by examining the specific design of the system and the actual code implementation. By focusing on the detailed design and the code, structural testing aims to ensure that the individual components and their interactions are thoroughly tested, leading to a more comprehensive assessment of the system's functionality and performance.

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79. Ukoliko je ulazni uslov neke vrednosti definisan opsegom dozvoljenih vrednosti izmedju 20 i 99, ispravne klase ekvivalencije su:

Jedna legalna, 20 ≤ vrednost ≤ 99

Dve nelegalne, (vrednost ≤ 20) i (vrednost > 100)

Jedna nelegalna, 20 ≤ vrednost ≤ 99

Dve nelegalne, (vrednost < 20) i (vrednost > 99)

The correct answer states that there is one legal equivalence class, which includes values between 20 and 99 (20 ≤ value ≤ 99), and there are two illegal equivalence classes. The first illegal equivalence class includes values less than or equal to 20 (value ≤ 20), and the second illegal equivalence class includes values greater than 99 (value > 99). This means that any value within the range of 20 to 99 is considered legal, while values outside this range are considered illegal.

Explanation

The correct answer states that there is one legal equivalence class, which includes values between 20 and 99 (20 ≤ value ≤ 99), and there are two illegal equivalence classes. The first illegal equivalence class includes values less than or equal to 20 (value ≤ 20), and the second illegal equivalence class includes values greater than 99 (value > 99). This means that any value within the range of 20 to 99 is considered legal, while values outside this range are considered illegal.

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80. Kod pokrivanja odluka:

Svi elementarni uslovi moraju uzeti vrednosti true i false

Svaka izlazna grana uslovnih iskaza mora biti izvrsena bar jednom

Mora se uzeti kombinacija svih vrednosti elementarnih uslova

The explanation for the given correct answer is that in the coverage of decisions, it is necessary for every conditional statement's output branch to be executed at least once. This ensures that all possible outcomes of the decision are tested and accounted for. If any branch is not executed, there may be potential paths or scenarios that are not being tested, leading to potential errors or untested code. Therefore, it is important to ensure that every branch of a conditional statement is executed at least once for comprehensive decision coverage.

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that in the coverage of decisions, it is necessary for every conditional statement's output branch to be executed at least once. This ensures that all possible outcomes of the decision are tested and accounted for. If any branch is not executed, there may be potential paths or scenarios that are not being tested, leading to potential errors or untested code. Therefore, it is important to ensure that every branch of a conditional statement is executed at least once for comprehensive decision coverage.

81. Koje od sledecih oblika testiranja spada u funkcionalno testiranje?

Test upotrebljivosti

Testiranje sigurnosti

Testiranje performansi

Analiza granicnih vrednosti

The correct answer is "Analiza granicnih vrednosti." Functional testing focuses on testing the functionality of a system or application, ensuring that it meets the specified requirements. Boundary value analysis is a technique used in functional testing to test the behavior of the system at the boundaries of input ranges or limits. It helps identify any errors or issues that may occur when the input values are at the extreme ends of the defined boundaries. Therefore, boundary value analysis is a type of functional testing.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Analiza granicnih vrednosti." Functional testing focuses on testing the functionality of a system or application, ensuring that it meets the specified requirements. Boundary value analysis is a technique used in functional testing to test the behavior of the system at the boundaries of input ranges or limits. It helps identify any errors or issues that may occur when the input values are at the extreme ends of the defined boundaries. Therefore, boundary value analysis is a type of functional testing.

82. Sta nije tacno od ponudjenih odgovora za testera koji testira metodom crne kutije?

Tester je veoma motivisan da pronadje greske

Tester mora da razume izvorni kod programa

Tester mora da razume funkcionalnu specifikaciju i specifikaciju zahteva

Tester je kreativan u smislu pronalazenja nacina za otkrivanje slabosti sistema koji se testira

The correct answer is "Tester mora da razume izvorni kod programa" (Tester must understand the source code of the program). This is not true for a tester who uses black box testing method because black box testing focuses on testing the functionality of the system without any knowledge of the internal code. The tester does not need to understand the source code to perform black box testing effectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Tester mora da razume izvorni kod programa" (Tester must understand the source code of the program). This is not true for a tester who uses black box testing method because black box testing focuses on testing the functionality of the system without any knowledge of the internal code. The tester does not need to understand the source code to perform black box testing effectively.

83. Reprezentacija programa u obliku grafa se naziva:

Graf toka kontrole

Uzrocno posledicni graf

Graf izvrsavanja

The correct answer is "Graf toka kontrole." This term refers to the representation of a program in the form of a graph, which shows the flow of control within the program. It illustrates the sequence of instructions and the conditions or loops that determine the order of execution. This graph helps in understanding the control flow and can be used for program analysis and optimization.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Graf toka kontrole." This term refers to the representation of a program in the form of a graph, which shows the flow of control within the program. It illustrates the sequence of instructions and the conditions or loops that determine the order of execution. This graph helps in understanding the control flow and can be used for program analysis and optimization.

84. Koji od navedenih iskaza je tacan? ***

Sto se vise testova izvrsi, vise gresaka ce se pronaci

Sto se manje gresaka pronadje, testiranje je bolje sprovedeno

Jedinicno testiranje bi trebalo da bude crna kutija, dok bi sistemsko trebalo da bude bela kutija

Ukoliko se tokom testiranja pronadje veliki broj gresaka, ne bi trebalo imati poverenja u kvalitet softvera

The answer states that if a large number of errors are found during testing, one should not have confidence in the quality of the software. This implies that the presence of a large number of errors indicates poor software quality, which is a logical conclusion.

Explanation

The answer states that if a large number of errors are found during testing, one should not have confidence in the quality of the software. This implies that the presence of a large number of errors indicates poor software quality, which is a logical conclusion.

85. Kako se zove paket u kojem je JUnit5 biblioteka klasa koju preuzimamo pomocu Maven package manager alata sa repoziturijuma?

org.junit.jupiter

org.jupiter.junit

org.junits.jupiter

org.jupiter.junits

The correct answer is org.junit.jupiter. This is the correct package name for the JUnit5 library that is downloaded using the Maven package manager tool from the repository.

Explanation

The correct answer is org.junit.jupiter. This is the correct package name for the JUnit5 library that is downloaded using the Maven package manager tool from the repository.

86. Posmatra se sistem koji odredjuje porez koji je potrebno platiti. Na iznos do 4000e se ne placa porez. Na sledecih 1500e porez iznosi 1%. Na sledecih 28000e porez iznosi 22%. Sve preko toga se oporezuje sa 40%. Zaokruzeno na celi EUR (ne posmatraju se centi), koja od ponudjenih vrednosti je validna granicna vrednosti?

1500

28000

32001

28001

33501

The correct answer is 33501. This is the valid threshold value because it exceeds the previous tax bracket of 28000euros, which has a tax rate of 22%. Anything above this threshold is taxed at a higher rate of 40%.

Explanation

The correct answer is 33501. This is the valid threshold value because it exceeds the previous tax bracket of 28000euros, which has a tax rate of 22%. Anything above this threshold is taxed at a higher rate of 40%.

87. Kod metoda bele kutije, testovi se definisu na osnovu:

Koda

Specifikacije sistema

Detaljnog dizajna sistema

In the method of white box testing, tests are defined based on the code and the detailed design of the system. This means that the tests are created by examining the code and the detailed design of the system to ensure that all aspects of the system are tested thoroughly. By considering both the code and the detailed design, the tests can effectively cover all possible scenarios and ensure the quality of the system.

Explanation

In the method of white box testing, tests are defined based on the code and the detailed design of the system. This means that the tests are created by examining the code and the detailed design of the system to ensure that all aspects of the system are tested thoroughly. By considering both the code and the detailed design, the tests can effectively cover all possible scenarios and ensure the quality of the system.

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88. (Na osnovu knjige - JUnit4) U JUnit alatu, sta je cilj sledeceg importa? import static org.junit.Assert.*;

Obezbedjuje vidljivost klasa JUnit framework, poput Test itd.

Bez njega ne mozemo koristiti provere (asserts)

Provere (asserts) se mogu pisati bez prefiksa klase - to su staticke metode klase Assert JUnit-a

The import statement "import static org.junit.Assert.*;" allows us to use the assertion methods provided by the JUnit framework without having to prefix them with the class name "Assert". These assertion methods are static methods of the Assert class in JUnit, and by importing them using this statement, we can directly use them in our test cases.

Explanation

The import statement "import static org.junit.Assert.*;" allows us to use the assertion methods provided by the JUnit framework without having to prefix them with the class name "Assert". These assertion methods are static methods of the Assert class in JUnit, and by importing them using this statement, we can directly use them in our test cases.

89. Sta je tacno za strukturno testiranje?

Cilj je da se provere nefunkcionalni zahtevi, poput performansi, sigurnosti...

Naziva se jos metoda bele kutije

Cilj je da se izvrse i aktiviraju sve programske strukture u kodu

Bazira se na dokumentaciji

Structural testing, also known as white box testing, aims to execute and activate all the program structures in the code. It focuses on verifying non-functional requirements such as performance and security. This method does not rely solely on documentation but involves examining the internal structure and implementation details of the code.

Explanation

Structural testing, also known as white box testing, aims to execute and activate all the program structures in the code. It focuses on verifying non-functional requirements such as performance and security. This method does not rely solely on documentation but involves examining the internal structure and implementation details of the code.

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90. Funkcionalno testiranje je:

Metoda bele kutije

Bazirano na specifikaciji sistema

Metoda crne kutije

Bazirano na strukturi koda

Funkcionalno testiranje je metoda crne kutije bazirana na specifikaciji sistema. To znači da se testiranje fokusira na provjeru da li sistem ispunjava specifikacije i zahtjeve korisnika, a ne na detalje implementacije ili strukturu koda. Ova metoda se koristi za testiranje funkcionalnosti sistema, provjeru da li sistem radi ispravno i da li zadovoljava očekivane funkcionalne zahtjeve.

Explanation

Funkcionalno testiranje je metoda crne kutije bazirana na specifikaciji sistema. To znači da se testiranje fokusira na provjeru da li sistem ispunjava specifikacije i zahtjeve korisnika, a ne na detalje implementacije ili strukturu koda. Ova metoda se koristi za testiranje funkcionalnosti sistema, provjeru da li sistem radi ispravno i da li zadovoljava očekivane funkcionalne zahtjeve.

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91. Ako u dokumenaciji pise da metod prihvata samo vrednosti manje od 10, dok sve vece setuje na 10, koliko jedinicnih testova treba da napisemo da bismo testirali ispravnost takvog metoda?

2

1

3

If the documentation states that the method only accepts values less than 10 and sets any larger values to 10, we need to write two unit tests to test the correctness of such a method. One test should pass a value less than 10 and verify that it remains unchanged, while the other test should pass a value greater than or equal to 10 and verify that it is set to 10. These two tests cover both scenarios and ensure that the method behaves correctly according to the documentation.

Explanation

If the documentation states that the method only accepts values less than 10 and sets any larger values to 10, we need to write two unit tests to test the correctness of such a method. One test should pass a value less than 10 and verify that it remains unchanged, while the other test should pass a value greater than or equal to 10 and verify that it is set to 10. These two tests cover both scenarios and ensure that the method behaves correctly according to the documentation.

92. Koje od navedenih su metode bele kutije?

Klase ekvivalencije

Pokrivanje iskaza

Pokrivanje putanja

Analiza granicnih vrednosti

Pokrivanje odluka

Tabela odlucivanja

The correct answer includes three methods: "Pokrivanje iskaza" (Statement coverage), "Pokrivanje putanja" (Path coverage), and "Pokrivanje odluka" (Decision coverage). These are all white-box testing techniques that involve analyzing the internal structure and logic of the software being tested. Statement coverage ensures that each statement in the code is executed at least once during testing. Path coverage aims to test all possible paths through the code. Decision coverage ensures that all possible outcomes of decision points in the code are tested.

Explanation

The correct answer includes three methods: "Pokrivanje iskaza" (Statement coverage), "Pokrivanje putanja" (Path coverage), and "Pokrivanje odluka" (Decision coverage). These are all white-box testing techniques that involve analyzing the internal structure and logic of the software being tested. Statement coverage ensures that each statement in the code is executed at least once during testing. Path coverage aims to test all possible paths through the code. Decision coverage ensures that all possible outcomes of decision points in the code are tested.

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93. Na osnovu uzrocno-posledicnog grafa, kreiramo:

Graf toka kontrole

Tabelu odlucivanja

Legalne klase ulaza i izlaza

Granicne vrednosti

Based on the cause-effect graph, we create a decision table. The decision table helps us analyze the different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs or decisions. It allows us to identify the conditions that need to be met for each decision and helps in determining the appropriate action for each combination of inputs. By creating a decision table, we can systematically analyze and document the decision-making process based on the given cause-effect graph.

Explanation

Based on the cause-effect graph, we create a decision table. The decision table helps us analyze the different combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs or decisions. It allows us to identify the conditions that need to be met for each decision and helps in determining the appropriate action for each combination of inputs. By creating a decision table, we can systematically analyze and document the decision-making process based on the given cause-effect graph.

94. Ukoliko za neku celobrojnu ulaznu vrednost u programu vazi da mora da bude u rasponu od 5 d 10, vazi sledece:

Postoji 4 klase ekvivalencije, 2 legalne i 2 nelegalne

Granicne vrednosti koje treba testirati su samo 5 i 10

Postoje 3 klase ekvivalencije, 2 nelegalne i jedna legalna

Postoji 6 testova koji testiraju granicne vrednosti

The answer states that there are 3 equivalence classes, 2 illegal and 1 legal, and that there are 6 tests that test the boundary values. This means that there are three categories of input values: two categories that are not allowed and one category that is allowed. Additionally, there are six tests that specifically focus on testing the boundary values, which are the minimum value of 5 and the maximum value of 10.

Explanation

The answer states that there are 3 equivalence classes, 2 illegal and 1 legal, and that there are 6 tests that test the boundary values. This means that there are three categories of input values: two categories that are not allowed and one category that is allowed. Additionally, there are six tests that specifically focus on testing the boundary values, which are the minimum value of 5 and the maximum value of 10.

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95. Posmatra se sistem koji odredjuje porez koji je porebno platiti. Na iznos do 4000e se ne placa porez. Na sledecih 1500e porez iznosi 10%. Na sledecih 28000e porez iznosi 22%. Sve preko toga se ooporezuje sa 40%. Koje od sledecih grupa brojeva spadaju u istu klasu ekvivalencije? ***

4800, 14000, 28000

5800, 28000, 32000

28001, 32000, 35000

5200, 5500, 28000

The numbers 5800, 28000, and 32000 belong to the same equivalence class because they all fall within the range where the tax rate is 22%. The first number, 5800, is in the range of 4000e to 5500e, where no tax is paid. The second and third numbers, 28000 and 32000, fall within the range of 1500e to 29500e, where the tax rate is 22%. Therefore, these three numbers have the same tax rate and are in the same equivalence class.

Explanation

The numbers 5800, 28000, and 32000 belong to the same equivalence class because they all fall within the range where the tax rate is 22%. The first number, 5800, is in the range of 4000e to 5500e, where no tax is paid. The second and third numbers, 28000 and 32000, fall within the range of 1500e to 29500e, where the tax rate is 22%. Therefore, these three numbers have the same tax rate and are in the same equivalence class.

96. Sta podrazumeva "test oracle"? ****

Iskusni testeri pregledaju rezultate testova i odlucuju da li je ponasanje ispravno

Tester poznaje sve detalje softvera koji se testira

Tester moze rutinski da identifikuje ispravni rezultat testa

Postoji slican softverski sistem sa kojim se rezultati testova mogu porediti

A "test oracle" refers to a mechanism or technique used by testers to determine whether the behavior of the software being tested is correct or not. Experienced testers review the test results and make decisions about the correctness of the behavior based on their knowledge and expertise. They compare the actual results with the expected results and use their judgment to determine if the behavior is correct. This process helps in identifying any deviations or discrepancies in the software's behavior and ensures that it is functioning as intended.

Explanation

A "test oracle" refers to a mechanism or technique used by testers to determine whether the behavior of the software being tested is correct or not. Experienced testers review the test results and make decisions about the correctness of the behavior based on their knowledge and expertise. They compare the actual results with the expected results and use their judgment to determine if the behavior is correct. This process helps in identifying any deviations or discrepancies in the software's behavior and ensures that it is functioning as intended.

97. Kada se koristi metoda testiranja toka podataka, prilikom odabira testova vodi se racuna o:

Lokacijama dodele vrednosti promenljivama i lokacijama njihove upotrebe

Uslovu koji se nalazi u if naredbama

Pokrivanju elementarnih uslova u svakom kompleksnom uslovu if naredbe

When using the data flow testing method, the selection of tests takes into consideration the locations where variable values are assigned and the locations where they are used. This is because the goal of data flow testing is to ensure that all paths and conditions related to the flow of data within the program are tested. By considering the locations of variable assignments and their usage, the testing process can effectively cover all possible data flow scenarios and identify any potential issues or errors.

Explanation

When using the data flow testing method, the selection of tests takes into consideration the locations where variable values are assigned and the locations where they are used. This is because the goal of data flow testing is to ensure that all paths and conditions related to the flow of data within the program are tested. By considering the locations of variable assignments and their usage, the testing process can effectively cover all possible data flow scenarios and identify any potential issues or errors.

98. U metodi toka podataka, podatak se smatra da je upotrebljen u sledecim slucajevima:

Kada se inicijalizuje bez dodele vrednosti (na primer int x;)

Kada mu se dodeli vrednosti (na primer x=7;)

Kada se koristi kao deo predikata uslova (if (x==5)...)

Kada se koristi kao deo proracun (y=x+3)

Data is considered to be used in the following cases in the method of data flow:When it is initialized without assignment of a value (for example int x;)When a value is assigned to it (for example x=7;)When it is used as part of a condition predicate (if (x==5)...)When it is used as part of a calculation (y=x+3)

Explanation

Data is considered to be used in the following cases in the method of data flow:When it is initialized without assignment of a value (for example int x;)When a value is assigned to it (for example x=7;)When it is used as part of a condition predicate (if (x==5)...)When it is used as part of a calculation (y=x+3)

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99. Koji tipovi testiranja postoje u klasifikaciji baziranoj na pristupu testiranja:

Funkcionalno

Strukturno

Regresiono

Jedinicno

The correct answer is "Funkcionalno, Strukturno". In the classification based on testing approach, there are two types of testing: functional testing and structural testing. Functional testing focuses on testing the functionality of the software, ensuring that it meets the specified requirements. Structural testing, on the other hand, involves testing the internal structure of the software, examining the code and its execution. Regression testing and unit testing are not types of testing based on the approach, so they are not included in the answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Funkcionalno, Strukturno". In the classification based on testing approach, there are two types of testing: functional testing and structural testing. Functional testing focuses on testing the functionality of the software, ensuring that it meets the specified requirements. Structural testing, on the other hand, involves testing the internal structure of the software, examining the code and its execution. Regression testing and unit testing are not types of testing based on the approach, so they are not included in the answer.

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100. Testiranje moze imati sledece ciljeve:

Demonstriranje da se softver ispravno izvrsava

Dokazivanje da softver nema bagove

Debagovanje programa

Pronalazenje gresaka

The correct answer is "Demonstriranje da se softver ispravno izvrsava" and "Pronalazenje gresaka". This is because testing can be used to demonstrate that the software is functioning correctly and to identify any errors or bugs that may be present. By testing the software, we can verify that it is executing as intended and uncover any issues that need to be addressed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Demonstriranje da se softver ispravno izvrsava" and "Pronalazenje gresaka". This is because testing can be used to demonstrate that the software is functioning correctly and to identify any errors or bugs that may be present. By testing the software, we can verify that it is executing as intended and uncover any issues that need to be addressed.

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101. Sta je DU (Define-Use) putanja?

Putanja u CFG pocev od definicije, do upotrebe jedne promenljive, bez dodatnih promena vrednosti te promenljive

Putanja u CFG pocev od definicije, do sledece promena vrednosti te promenljive

Putanja u CFG pocev od definicije, do upotrebe jedne promenljive, sa dodatnim promenama vrednosti te promenljive

The correct answer is "Putanja u CFG pocev od definicije, do upotrebe jedne promenljive, bez dodatnih promena vrednosti te promenljive." This means that the DU (Define-Use) path is a path in the Control Flow Graph (CFG) that starts from the definition of a variable and ends at the point where the variable is used, without any additional changes to its value along the way.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Putanja u CFG pocev od definicije, do upotrebe jedne promenljive, bez dodatnih promena vrednosti te promenljive." This means that the DU (Define-Use) path is a path in the Control Flow Graph (CFG) that starts from the definition of a variable and ends at the point where the variable is used, without any additional changes to its value along the way.

102. Kako se biraju klase ekvivalencije?

Za svaki uslov se posmatraju dve grupe klasa ekvivalencije (legalne i nelegalne)

Posmatraju se svi uslovi vezani za ulze i izlaze programa koji proizilaze iz specifikacije (tipovi promenljivih, eksplicitna ogranicenja)

Graf stanja se koristi za prikazivanje zavisnosti izmedju ulaza i izlaza

The classes of equivalence are chosen by considering two groups for each condition (legal and illegal). All conditions related to the inputs and outputs of the program that arise from the specification are considered (variable types, explicit constraints). The state graph is used to represent the dependencies between inputs and outputs.

Explanation

The classes of equivalence are chosen by considering two groups for each condition (legal and illegal). All conditions related to the inputs and outputs of the program that arise from the specification are considered (variable types, explicit constraints). The state graph is used to represent the dependencies between inputs and outputs.

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103. Kojom anotacijom za parametarizovani metod definisemo da je izvor njegovih argumenata neki drugi metod?

@MethodSource

@MethodicSource

@SourceMethod

@SourcedMethod

@SourceMethods

The correct answer is @MethodSource. This annotation is used to define that the source of arguments for a parameterized method is another method.

Explanation

The correct answer is @MethodSource. This annotation is used to define that the source of arguments for a parameterized method is another method.

104. Testiranje metodom toka podataka analizira:

Moguca komunikaciona uska grla u programu

Pridrzavanje konvencijama programiranja (imenovanje promenljivih i slicno)

Upotrebu podataka na putanjama kroz kod

Brzinu i ucestanost promene vrednosti podataka za vreme izvrsavanja programa

This question is asking about what data flow testing analyzes. Data flow testing analyzes the use of data on paths through the code. It examines how data is used and manipulated as it flows through the program. This type of testing helps identify any issues or vulnerabilities related to the use of data within the code.

Explanation

This question is asking about what data flow testing analyzes. Data flow testing analyzes the use of data on paths through the code. It examines how data is used and manipulated as it flows through the program. This type of testing helps identify any issues or vulnerabilities related to the use of data within the code.

105. Ukoliko posmatramo unos vremena, granicne vrednosti za unos minuta su:

-1, 0, 59, 60

0, 1, 59, 60

-1, 0, 60, 61

The given answer is a list of boundary values for input minutes. In this case, the valid input values for minutes would be 0, 1, 59, or 60. These values represent the minimum and maximum possible values for minutes, as well as values that are just below and above those limits.

Explanation

The given answer is a list of boundary values for input minutes. In this case, the valid input values for minutes would be 0, 1, 59, or 60. These values represent the minimum and maximum possible values for minutes, as well as values that are just below and above those limits.

106. Kada treba prestati sa testiranjem?

Kada se svi planirani testovi izvrse

Zavisi od procene rizika za sistem koji se testira

Kada istekne vreme definisano za testiranje

Kada se sve greske u softveru isprave

The correct answer is "Zavisi od procene rizika za sistem koji se testira" which means "It depends on the risk assessment for the system being tested." This answer suggests that the decision to stop testing should be based on the evaluation of the risks associated with the system. Testing should continue until an acceptable level of risk is achieved or until the risks are mitigated to an acceptable level. The other options mentioned in the question, such as completing all planned tests, reaching the defined testing time, or fixing all software errors, may not necessarily be the criteria for determining when to stop testing.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Zavisi od procene rizika za sistem koji se testira" which means "It depends on the risk assessment for the system being tested." This answer suggests that the decision to stop testing should be based on the evaluation of the risks associated with the system. Testing should continue until an acceptable level of risk is achieved or until the risks are mitigated to an acceptable level. The other options mentioned in the question, such as completing all planned tests, reaching the defined testing time, or fixing all software errors, may not necessarily be the criteria for determining when to stop testing.

107. Testiranje klasama ekvivalencije se najcesce koristi zajedno sa:

Grafom stanja

Granicnim vrednostima

Tabelama odlucivanja

Uzrocno posledicnim grafovima

The correct answer is "Granicnim vrednostima" which translates to "Boundary values" in English. Boundary value testing is a technique where test cases are designed based on the boundaries or limits of input values. It focuses on testing the values at the edges of the input domain, as these are often more likely to cause errors. This technique is commonly used in conjunction with equivalence class testing to ensure thorough test coverage.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Granicnim vrednostima" which translates to "Boundary values" in English. Boundary value testing is a technique where test cases are designed based on the boundaries or limits of input values. It focuses on testing the values at the edges of the input domain, as these are often more likely to cause errors. This technique is commonly used in conjunction with equivalence class testing to ensure thorough test coverage.

108. Na pocetku JUnit skripte (na osnovu knjige - JUnit4), potrebno je importovati:

import static org.junit.test.*;

import org.junit.*;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.test.assert;

The correct answer is "import org.junit.*;,import static org.junit.Assert.*;". These imports are necessary in the beginning of a JUnit script to access the JUnit framework and its testing functionalities. "import org.junit.*;" imports the JUnit library, allowing access to JUnit annotations and assertions. "import static org.junit.Assert.*;" imports the static methods of the Assert class, which are commonly used for making assertions in JUnit tests.

Explanation

The correct answer is "import org.junit.*;,import static org.junit.Assert.*;". These imports are necessary in the beginning of a JUnit script to access the JUnit framework and its testing functionalities. "import org.junit.*;" imports the JUnit library, allowing access to JUnit annotations and assertions. "import static org.junit.Assert.*;" imports the static methods of the Assert class, which are commonly used for making assertions in JUnit tests.

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109. Logicke funkcije u uzrocno-posledicnom grafu mogu biti:

Identitet

Ili

Negacija

i

The given answer states that the logical functions in a cause-and-effect graph can be identity, or, negation, and "i". This implies that the graph allows for logical operations such as identity (where the output is the same as the input), or (where at least one of the inputs is true), negation (where the output is the opposite of the input), and "i" which could represent another logical operation. However, without further context or clarification, it is difficult to determine the exact meaning of "i" in this context.

Explanation

The given answer states that the logical functions in a cause-and-effect graph can be identity, or, negation, and "i". This implies that the graph allows for logical operations such as identity (where the output is the same as the input), or (where at least one of the inputs is true), negation (where the output is the opposite of the input), and "i" which could represent another logical operation. However, without further context or clarification, it is difficult to determine the exact meaning of "i" in this context.

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110. Kod testiranja metodom toka podataka, pokrivanje svih definicija znaci:

Za svaku definiciju, postoji bar jedan test koji izvrsava DU par koji sadrzi tu definiciju

Svaki DU par je izvrsen bar jednim testom

Svaka prosta (bez petlje) putanja je izvrsena bar jednim testom

In data flow testing, covering all definitions means that for every definition, there is at least one test that executes a DU pair that contains that definition. This means that each definition is tested at least once to ensure that it is executed and its impact on the program's data flow is assessed.

Explanation

In data flow testing, covering all definitions means that for every definition, there is at least one test that executes a DU pair that contains that definition. This means that each definition is tested at least once to ensure that it is executed and its impact on the program's data flow is assessed.

111. Testiranje metodom uzrocno-posledicnih grafova se bazira na:

Stanje sistema

Pronalazenje ispravnih klasa ekvivalencije i pazljivim odabirom testova na granicama izmedju klasa

Relaciji izmedju ulaza u program i izlaza iz programa

This answer suggests that testing using cause-effect graphs is based on the relationship between the input and output of a program. This means that the testing method focuses on understanding how the input values affect the output of the program, allowing for the identification of potential issues or bugs. By analyzing this relationship, testers can select appropriate test cases and ensure that the program functions correctly under different conditions.

Explanation

This answer suggests that testing using cause-effect graphs is based on the relationship between the input and output of a program. This means that the testing method focuses on understanding how the input values affect the output of the program, allowing for the identification of potential issues or bugs. By analyzing this relationship, testers can select appropriate test cases and ensure that the program functions correctly under different conditions.

112. Koji iskazi su tacni?

Pokrivanje odluka podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza

Pokrivanje uslova podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza

Pokrivanje putanja podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza

The correct answer is "Pokrivanje odluka podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza" and "Pokrivanje putanja podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza." This means that covering decisions and covering paths both involve covering statements.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pokrivanje odluka podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza" and "Pokrivanje putanja podrazumeva pokrivanje iskaza." This means that covering decisions and covering paths both involve covering statements.

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113. Koji tipovi testiranja postoje u klasifikaciji baziranoj na nivou testiranja?

Regresiono

Funkcionalno

Integraciono

Jedinicno

Sistemsko

Strukturno

The given answer includes three types of testing: integration testing, unit testing, and system testing. Integration testing involves testing the interaction between different components or modules of a system. Unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of a system in isolation. System testing is performed on a complete and integrated system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the types of testing in the classification based on the testing level.

Explanation

The given answer includes three types of testing: integration testing, unit testing, and system testing. Integration testing involves testing the interaction between different components or modules of a system. Unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of a system in isolation. System testing is performed on a complete and integrated system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies the types of testing in the classification based on the testing level.

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114. Kod testiranja toka podataka, pokrivanje svih DU parova znaci:

Svaki DU par je izvrsen bar jednim testom

Svaka prosta (bez petlje) putanja je izvrsena bar jednim testom

Za svaku definiciju, postoji bar jedan test koji izvrsava DU par koji sadrzi tu definiciju

The correct answer states that "Coverage of all DU pairs means that every DU pair is executed by at least one test." This means that during data flow testing, every pair of Definition-Use (DU) in the program is covered by at least one test case. In other words, each DU pair is executed at least once to ensure that the program is tested for all possible data flow scenarios.

Explanation

The correct answer states that "Coverage of all DU pairs means that every DU pair is executed by at least one test." This means that during data flow testing, every pair of Definition-Use (DU) in the program is covered by at least one test case. In other words, each DU pair is executed at least once to ensure that the program is tested for all possible data flow scenarios.

115. Sta je tacno za funkcionalno testiranje?

Program se posmatra kao funkcija koja mapira ulazne vrednosti na izlazni domen

Bazirano je na dokumentaciji

Drugi naziv su metode crne kutije

Implementacija programa je poznata

Nije bazirano na dokumentaciji

Functional testing is an approach where the program is treated as a function that maps input values to output domains. It is based on the documentation, which means that the testing process is guided by the information provided in the documentation of the software. Another term for functional testing is black box testing, where the internal implementation details of the program are not known or considered during testing. Therefore, the correct answer options for functional testing are: "Program se posmatra kao funkcija koja mapira ulazne vrednosti na izlazni domen" (The program is treated as a function that maps input values to output domains) and "Bazirano je na dokumentaciji" (It is based on the documentation).

Explanation

Functional testing is an approach where the program is treated as a function that maps input values to output domains. It is based on the documentation, which means that the testing process is guided by the information provided in the documentation of the software. Another term for functional testing is black box testing, where the internal implementation details of the program are not known or considered during testing. Therefore, the correct answer options for functional testing are: "Program se posmatra kao funkcija koja mapira ulazne vrednosti na izlazni domen" (The program is treated as a function that maps input values to output domains) and "Bazirano je na dokumentaciji" (It is based on the documentation).

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116. Sta je tacno za testiranje metodom klasa ekvivalnecije?

Uzima se po jedna vrednost iz svakog podskupa (jedan test po klasi ekvivalencije)

Za svaku granicu se uzima jedan test

Testovi se izvlace iz tabele odlucivanja

Ulazni domen se mora podeliti u disjunktne podskupove

Testing with the equivalence class method involves selecting one value from each subset (one test per equivalence class) and dividing the input domain into disjoint subsets. This ensures that each class of inputs is represented by at least one test case. The other options mentioned, such as taking one test for each boundary or extracting tests from a decision table, are not specifically related to the equivalence class method.

Explanation

Testing with the equivalence class method involves selecting one value from each subset (one test per equivalence class) and dividing the input domain into disjoint subsets. This ensures that each class of inputs is represented by at least one test case. The other options mentioned, such as taking one test for each boundary or extracting tests from a decision table, are not specifically related to the equivalence class method.

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117. Posmatra se sledeca vrlo pojednostavljena procedura: Pitanje: "Koji tim karte Vam treba, u jednom smeru ili povratna?" IF putnik odabere 'povratna' Pitanje: "Koja tarifa, standardna ili sa popustom?" IF putnik odabere 'sa popustom' Odgovor: "Vasa cena je 120 dinara" ELSE Odgovor: "Vasa cena je 190 dinara" ENDIF ELSE Odgovor: "Vasa cena je 95 dinara" ENDIF Koliki je minimalan broj testova koji su potrebni da se obezbedi da su sva pitanja postavljena, sve kombinacije pokrivene i svi odgovori dati?

2

3

4

5

6

To ensure that all questions are asked, all combinations are covered, and all answers are given, a minimum of three tests are needed. The first test would be to select "povratna" and then "sa popustom" to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 120 dinara". The second test would be to select "povratna" and then choose the standard tariff to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 190 dinara". The third test would be to select "jedan smer" to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 95 dinara". These three tests cover all possible combinations and ensure all questions are asked and answered.

Explanation

To ensure that all questions are asked, all combinations are covered, and all answers are given, a minimum of three tests are needed. The first test would be to select "povratna" and then "sa popustom" to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 120 dinara". The second test would be to select "povratna" and then choose the standard tariff to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 190 dinara". The third test would be to select "jedan smer" to receive the answer "Vasa cena je 95 dinara". These three tests cover all possible combinations and ensure all questions are asked and answered.

118. Pokrivenost, odnosno coverage, jeste:

Mera koja predstavlja procenat funkcionalnosti koje su pokrivene testovima

Mera koja predstavlja procenat ulaznih parametara u sistem koji su pokriveni testovima

Mera do koje je neka programska struktura istestirana, u smislu procenta pokrivenih stavki

Coverage refers to the extent to which a software structure is tested, in terms of the percentage of covered items. It is a measure of how thoroughly a particular aspect of the software has been tested. In this context, the correct answer states that coverage is a measure of how extensively a software structure has been tested, indicating the percentage of covered items.

Explanation

Coverage refers to the extent to which a software structure is tested, in terms of the percentage of covered items. It is a measure of how thoroughly a particular aspect of the software has been tested. In this context, the correct answer states that coverage is a measure of how extensively a software structure has been tested, indicating the percentage of covered items.

119. Sta je tacno za tabelu odlucivanja?

Ima po jedan red za svaki uzrok i posledicu

Vrste odgovaraju konkretnim testovima

Ima dva reda za svaki uzrok i posledicu

Kolone odgovaraju konkretnim testovima

Moze se izvesti iz uzrocno-posledicnog grafa

The correct answer is that the decision table has one row for each cause and effect, and the columns correspond to specific tests. Additionally, the decision table can be derived from a cause-effect graph.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the decision table has one row for each cause and effect, and the columns correspond to specific tests. Additionally, the decision table can be derived from a cause-effect graph.

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120. Sta od ponudjenih odgovora nije tacno za kriterijum odredjivanja pokrivenosti skupa testova?

Pokrivenost se moze posmatrati kao procenat pronadjenih gresaka

Kriterijum pokrivenosti se cesto koristi kada se definise kriterijum zavrsetka testiranja

Pokrivenost se moze definisati kao procenat pokrivenih korisnickih zahteva

Pokrivenost se moze izmeriti u obliku broja stavki koje skup testova pokriva

The statement that is not correct for determining the coverage of a test set is "Pokrivenost se moze posmatrati kao procenat pronadjenih gresaka" (Coverage can be observed as a percentage of found errors). Coverage is not directly related to the percentage of found errors but rather focuses on the extent to which the test set covers certain criteria, such as requirements or code statements.

Explanation

The statement that is not correct for determining the coverage of a test set is "Pokrivenost se moze posmatrati kao procenat pronadjenih gresaka" (Coverage can be observed as a percentage of found errors). Coverage is not directly related to the percentage of found errors but rather focuses on the extent to which the test set covers certain criteria, such as requirements or code statements.

121. Pokrivanje stanja u testiranju modela stanja M se postize sa:

Skupom testova koji uzrokuju izvrsvanje svakog moguceg para prelaza (sekvence od dva uzastopna prelaza) u M bar jednom

Skupom testova koji uzrokuju izvrsavanje svakog prelaza u M bar jednom

Skupom testova cije izvrsavanje uzrokuju posecivanje svakog stanja u M bar jednom

The correct answer states that coverage of states in model testing M is achieved by a set of tests that visit each state in M at least once. This means that the set of tests should cover all the possible states in the model at least once during execution. This ensures that all the states are tested and any potential issues or errors in the model can be identified.

Explanation

The correct answer states that coverage of states in model testing M is achieved by a set of tests that visit each state in M at least once. This means that the set of tests should cover all the possible states in the model at least once during execution. This ensures that all the states are tested and any potential issues or errors in the model can be identified.

122. Racun za stednju u banci ima razlicite kamate u zavisnosti od balansa na racunu. 3% kamate ukoliko je balans izmedju $0 i $100, 5% kamate ukoliko je balans izmedju $100 i $1000, i 7% kamate ukoliko je balans $1000 ili vise. Koliko VALIDNIH klasa ekvivalencije mozemo identifikovati?

3

5

2

4

There are four valid equivalence classes that can be identified based on the given information. The first class includes balances between $0 and $100, which will receive a 3% interest rate. The second class includes balances between $100 and $1000, which will receive a 5% interest rate. The third class includes balances of $1000 or more, which will receive a 7% interest rate. The fourth class includes balances that are negative or undefined, which are not mentioned in the given information and therefore cannot be classified.

Explanation

There are four valid equivalence classes that can be identified based on the given information. The first class includes balances between $0 and $100, which will receive a 3% interest rate. The second class includes balances between $100 and $1000, which will receive a 5% interest rate. The third class includes balances of $1000 or more, which will receive a 7% interest rate. The fourth class includes balances that are negative or undefined, which are not mentioned in the given information and therefore cannot be classified.

123. Sta je pokrivanje stanja (0-switch cover)?

Skup testova koji uzrokuju izvrsavanje svakog moguceg para prelaza (sekvence od dva uzastopna prelaza) u M bar jednom

Skup testova cije izvrsavanje uzrokuje posecivanje svakog stanja u M bar jednom

Skup testova koji uzrokuju izvrsavanje svakog prelaza u M bar jednom

Skup testova koji uzrokuju izvrsavanje svake moguce sekvence od N+1 prelaza u M bar jednom

Pokrivanje stanja (0-switch cover) se odnosi na skup testova koji uzrokuju izvršavanje svakog prelaza u modelu M barem jednom. Ova metoda testiranja ima za cilj da obezbedi da su svi prelazi u modelu testirani i da nijedan prelaz nije propušten. Dakle, odgovor je "Skup testova koji uzrokuju izvršavanje svakog prelaza u M bar jednom".

Explanation

Pokrivanje stanja (0-switch cover) se odnosi na skup testova koji uzrokuju izvršavanje svakog prelaza u modelu M barem jednom. Ova metoda testiranja ima za cilj da obezbedi da su svi prelazi u modelu testirani i da nijedan prelaz nije propušten. Dakle, odgovor je "Skup testova koji uzrokuju izvršavanje svakog prelaza u M bar jednom".