Racunarske Mreze I Kolokvijum (II Deo)

A personal area network (PAN) is the smallest computer network in the given set. It is a network that connects devices within an individual's personal space, typically within a range of 10 meters. Examples of PANs include Bluetooth connections between a smartphone and a wireless headset or a wireless keyboard and a computer. PANs are designed for personal use and are not meant to connect multiple devices or cover larger areas like other types of computer networks.

The correct answer is RJ-11 and RJ-45. These connectors are used for cables with twisted pairs. RJ-11 is a connector commonly used for telephone lines, while RJ-45 is used for Ethernet connections. Both connectors have a similar shape but differ in the number of pins they contain. RJ-11 has 4 pins, while RJ-45 has 8 pins. These connectors are essential for ensuring a secure and reliable connection between devices and the network.

The OSI model was developed in 1984.

The correct answer is "Iznajmljena linija". This is because leased lines are physical connections that provide dedicated and fixed bandwidth between two locations. Unlike other networking technologies like Ethernet or IEEE 802.12, which offer more flexibility and can be used for various purposes, leased lines are specifically designed for point-to-point communication and are less flexible in terms of scalability and adaptability to different network configurations.

The correct answer is "Svetlosni impulsi" (Light impulses). Optical fiber cables are designed to transmit data using light signals. These cables contain thin strands of glass or plastic called optical fibers that carry these light impulses over long distances. The use of light signals allows for faster and more efficient communication compared to traditional copper cables that transmit electrical impulses.

In the given question, the correct answer states that it is possible to detect and correct errors that occur during data transmission. This means that if any errors occur during the transmission of data, they can be identified and fixed.

The correct answer is RJ-11 and RJ-45. RJ-11 connectors are commonly used for telephone cables, while RJ-45 connectors are used for Ethernet cables. These connectors are specifically designed for twisted pair cables, which are commonly used for data transmission. FC, SC, LC, and BNC connectors are not typically used for twisted pair cables.

Bluetooth technology typically has a maximum range of around 100 meters. This is because Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit data, and the range of these radio waves is limited. The signal strength decreases as the distance between devices increases, and beyond a certain point, the signal becomes too weak to establish a reliable connection. Therefore, the expected maximum distance for Bluetooth connectivity is approximately 100 meters.

The Provera parnosti (parity check) system for error detection during data transmission allows for the detection of 50% of the errors that occur.

The correct answer is "Magistrala" because the logical topology of the first version of Ethernet was a bus or linear bus topology. In this topology, all devices are connected to a single cable called a bus or backbone. The data is transmitted in both directions on the bus, and each device on the network listens to the data and picks up the data intended for it.

The correct answer is "Svetlosni impulsi" (Light impulses). Optical fiber cables transmit data using light signals, which are converted into binary code and sent as pulses of light. These light impulses travel through the fiber optic cables, allowing for fast and efficient transmission of data over long distances.

The correct answer is "Drajveri" (Drivers). In the context of the given question, the term "moduli operativnog sistema" refers to the components or modules of the operating system that provide support for specific network hardware. These modules are commonly known as drivers, which are software programs that allow the operating system to communicate and interact with the network hardware, such as network cards. Therefore, the correct answer is "Drajveri" (Drivers).

The correct answer is "Parna parnost". This is because the given scenario describes a data code with an even number of bits that have a value of "1", and an additional control bit with a value of "0". In data communication, parity is used to detect errors in transmitted data. In the case of even parity, the number of "1" bits in the data code (excluding the control bit) should always be even. Therefore, the method used in this scenario is called even parity.

The correct answer is "Oktrivanje nastalih prilikom prenosa podataka,Ispravljanje gresaka nastalih prilikom prenosa podataka". This means that the checksum is an efficient way to detect and correct errors that occur during data transmission. The checksum is a value calculated from the data being transmitted and is used to verify the integrity of the data. If the checksum calculated at the receiving end does not match the checksum sent with the data, it indicates that errors have occurred during transmission. In such cases, the checksum can be used to identify and correct these errors.

The correct answer is DSLAM. DSLAM stands for Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer, which is a device used in ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) technology to aggregate multiple DSL connections from individual subscribers and connect them to a high-speed backbone network. DSLAMs are responsible for routing and managing the data traffic between the subscribers and the network, allowing for efficient and reliable communication.

The correct answer is "Slabljenje signala." This term refers to the loss of signal strength that increases with distance. As the signal travels further, it encounters obstacles and interference, leading to a decrease in its strength. This phenomenon is commonly observed in wireless communication systems, where the signal weakens as it travels through walls, buildings, or other physical barriers.

Electromagnetic radiation is accessible in almost all environments. This implies that electromagnetic radiation can be found in various settings or mediums, not limited to specific conditions such as strong electromotors, electric installations, or the presence of magnets. It suggests that electromagnetic radiation is a widespread phenomenon that can be observed in different surroundings.

The correct answer is "Vreme propagacije". This refers to the time it takes for the bits to travel from the transmitter to the receiver through the communication medium. It is a measure of the delay or latency in the transmission process.

The correct answer is Bakra. The explanation for this is that the conductor used for transmitting signals in a coaxial cable is typically made of copper. Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity and is commonly used in electrical and communication systems. It provides low resistance and allows for efficient transmission of signals. Therefore, the deo za sprovodjenje signala (signal conductor) in a coaxial cable is made of copper.

Licinasta realizacija zica kod kablova sa upredenim paricama omogućava veću fleksibilnost. To znači da su žice u kablovima sa upredenim paricama izrađene od materijala koji je glatko i klizavo, što omogućava veću pokretljivost i savitljivost kabla. Ovo je posebno korisno u situacijama kada je potrebno savijati ili premeštati kabl, jer će se žice lakše saviti i neće se lako oštetiti.

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit organization that promotes freedom in the use of computer software and advocates for the rights of software users. It aims to ensure that users have the freedom to run, study, share, and modify software. The FSF supports the development and distribution of free software and works to raise awareness about the importance of software freedom.

Jednodimenzionalna provera parnosti omogućava otkrivanje i ispravljanje grešaka u prenosu podataka. Pomoću parnosti se proverava da li je broj jedinica u podacima paran ili neparan. Ako se otkrije greška, na osnovu parnosti se može odrediti koji bit podataka je greška i ispraviti ga. Ovo pomaže u održavanju tačnosti i integriteta prenetih podataka.

Ruteri donose odluke o usmeravanju paketa na osnovu logičkih adresa koje se nalaze u datagramu. Ove adrese omogućavaju ruterima da identifikuju odredište paketa i da odaberu najbolji put za slanje. Fizičke adrese se odnose na adrese uređaja na mreži, dok se portovi odnose na adrese na transportnom sloju koji se koriste za identifikaciju aplikacija ili usluga. Međutim, u ovom slučaju, logičke adrese u datagramu su ključne za odluke o usmeravanju paketa.

The correct answer is "predstavlja deo specifikacije." This means that the number of twists per unit length of the cable with twisted pairs is a part of the specification. This suggests that the specification document for the cable includes information about the number of twists per unit length, which is an important parameter for the cable's performance.

The correct answer is "Razvodnik signala (hab)" and "Pojacivac signala (ripiter)" because these network devices do not analyze the destination address before forwarding frames. A "Razvodnik signala (hab)" is a signal distributor or hub that simply broadcasts incoming signals to all connected devices, regardless of the destination. Similarly, a "Pojacivac signala (ripiter)" or signal amplifier also amplifies and broadcasts signals without analyzing the destination address.

Ciklicna redundantna provera (CRC) je jedan od tipova utvrdjivanja greske koji se koristi za proveru integriteta podataka. Polinomijom redundante provere se generise kontrolni broj koji se pridodaje podacima i koristi se za proveru da li su podaci ispravno preneseni. Ovaj kontrolni broj se dobija deljenjem polinoma redundante provere sa podacima, pri cemu se koristi XOR operacija. Ako se prilikom provere podaci ne podudaraju sa kontrolnim brojem, to znaci da je doslo do greske u prenosu podataka.

The correct answer is "Protokol". A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines that govern the communication between devices in a computer network. It defines how data is transmitted, received, and interpreted, ensuring that the communication is reliable and efficient. Without protocols, devices would not be able to understand each other and exchange information effectively. Therefore, protocols play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining control over network connections.

The correct answer is "Razdvajanje frekvencijskih opsega." The role of splitters and microfilters in ADSL technology is to separate the frequency bands used for voice and data transmission. This allows simultaneous use of the telephone line for both voice calls and internet connectivity without interference. By separating the frequency ranges, the splitter ensures that voice calls and data transmission do not interfere with each other, thus improving the quality and reliability of the communication.

The correct answer is "Radni prostor". A radni prostor is a space or area that contains all the components between a computer socket and a workstation. It refers to the physical environment where the computer equipment is located, including the desk, chair, and other necessary peripherals.

The correct answer is "Vecu fleksibilnost" which means "Greater flexibility" in English. This means that the twisted pair cables with a litz wire construction allow for more flexibility compared to other types of cables.

When cables have twisted pairs, the number of twists per unit length increases the resistance to electromagnetic radiation. This twisting helps to cancel out the electromagnetic interference that can be caused by nearby electrical devices or other cables. Therefore, increasing the number of twists per unit length increases the cable's resistance to electromagnetic radiation.

The correct answer is "Fajervol" because it is a commonly used term for a firewall, which is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls are designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network, while allowing legitimate communication to pass through. Therefore, a firewall is used to filter packets that enter or exit a network.

The correct answer is 2 uticnice because it is defined in the system of structured cabling that each workstation should have at least two outlets.

Bluetooth technology typically has a range of around 100 meters. This means that devices using Bluetooth can connect and communicate with each other within a maximum distance of approximately 100 meters. However, the actual range may vary depending on various factors such as obstacles, interference, and the specific devices being used.

The correct answer is "Iznajmljena linija" (leased line). Leased lines are dedicated communication lines that provide a fixed amount of bandwidth between two locations. Unlike other networking technologies like IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Ethernet, and Frame Relay, leased lines do not offer flexibility in terms of bandwidth allocation. Once a leased line is established, the bandwidth remains fixed and cannot be easily adjusted or shared among multiple users or devices. Therefore, leased lines are considered to be one of the least physically flexible networking technologies.

The correct answer is Protokol tacka-tacka(PPP). PPP is a protocol used for establishing a direct connection between two nodes in a network, such as a computer and a server. Unlike other protocols like Internet Protocol (IP), Frame Relay, and Ethernet, PPP does not require the use of addresses within frames. Instead, PPP uses a point-to-point link to establish a connection and does not rely on addressing for communication.

A modem is a device that converts analog signals to digital signals and vice versa for the purpose of computer telecommunications over a network. It allows computers to connect to the internet through a telephone line or a cable connection by converting digital data from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over the network, and vice versa. Modems are essential for establishing a connection between a computer and an internet service provider, enabling the transmission of data between the two devices.

Kablovi sa upredenim paricama obično sadrže 4 para.

The correct answer is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). ARP is responsible for translating logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses in Ethernet networks. It allows devices to find the MAC address of a destination device on the same network by sending out an ARP request. The device with the matching IP address responds with its MAC address, allowing communication to occur.

Greske tokom prenosa podataka se najčešće pojavljuju u vidu pojedinačnih bitova. This statement is true because errors during data transmission commonly occur at the level of individual bits.

The correct answer is "Povecavaju efikasnost prenosa" which translates to "Increase transmission efficiency" in English. This means that error correction codes for transmission channels with ideal characteristics actually improve the efficiency of the transmission.

Hamingov kod je primer za ispravljanje greške unapred. Hamingov kod je vrsta error-korekcionog koda koji se koristi za otkrivanje i ispravljanje grešaka u prenosu podataka. On se koristi za dodavanje dodatnih bitova informacijama kako bi se omogućilo otkrivanje i ispravljanje grešaka koje mogu nastati tokom prenosa podataka. Ova tehnika je posebno korisna u situacijama gde je bitna tačnost prenosa podataka, kao što je u komunikacijama preko interneta.

The correct answer is "Koriscenjem razlicitih frekvencijskih opsega." This means that the parallel transmission of data in ADSL technology is achieved by using different frequency ranges. This allows for multiple channels of data to be transmitted simultaneously over a single line, increasing the overall data transfer rate. By utilizing different frequency ranges, ADSL technology is able to separate voice and data signals, ensuring that they do not interfere with each other and maximizing the efficiency of the transmission.

The recommended use of cables with twisted pairs and structured cabling system depends on the wire implementation. Licnaste cables are recommended to be used up to workstations, while kablove sa punim presekom (cables with full cross-section) are recommended to be used from the socket to the distribution panel.

The error checking checksum is calculated only on the computer that receives the data. This means that the receiving computer is responsible for verifying the accuracy of the data it has received. The sending computer does not perform any error checking calculations.

The correct answer is "Radio-talasa." IEEE 802.11 standard refers to the transmission of data using radio waves. This standard is commonly known as Wi-Fi, which allows wireless communication and connectivity between devices such as computers, smartphones, and routers. Radio waves are used to transmit data over the air, enabling wireless networks to function and provide internet access to users.

The correct answer is Reverzni ARP protokol (RARP). RARP is a protocol used in Ethernet networks to determine the logical address (IP address) of a device based on its physical address (MAC address). It allows a device to obtain its IP address from a RARP server when it boots up, which is useful in situations where a device does not have a preconfigured IP address. RARP is the reverse of ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), which is used to determine the MAC address of a device based on its IP address.

Softverski modem koristi centralni procesor računara za obradu podataka. Ovo je zato što softverski modem nije fizički uređaj, već softverski program koji koristi resurse računara za obradu podataka. Centralni procesor računara je odgovoran za izvršavanje svih operacija i obradu podataka, pa je stoga logično da softverski modem koristi centralni procesor računara za obradu podataka.

The correct answer is "Mrezni most(bridz),Mrezni komutator(svic)" because both the network bridge and network switch provide separate collision domains on each of their ports. This means that collisions occurring on one port will not affect the other ports, allowing for better network performance and efficiency. A signal amplifier (repeater) and signal distributor (hub) do not provide separate collision domains and therefore do not meet the criteria mentioned in the question.

Harmonijsko izobličavanje se odnosi na promenu faze signala od strane pojačivača, što može uzrokovati greške pri prenosu podataka. Termodulacioni šum se odnosi na promene amplitude signala usled termalnih efekata, dok je impulzni šum povezan sa pojavom nenamernih impulsa. Džifter se odnosi na promene frekvencije signala.