Razvoj Aplikativnog Softvera

The correct answer is "Koriste uglavnom srednji i manji razvojni timovi,Podrazumeva kratke iteracije koje daju koristan rezultat na ustrb dokumentacije." This is because Extreme Programming (XP) is known for its focus on small to medium-sized development teams. It emphasizes frequent iterations and delivering working software quickly, prioritizing practical results over extensive documentation. This approach allows for greater flexibility and adaptability in the development process.

The correct answer is programiranje u paru and kolektivna svojina sistema u razvoju. This is because these two practices are commonly associated with Extreme Programming (XP). Pair programming involves two developers working together on the same code, which helps improve code quality and knowledge sharing. Kolektivna svojina sistema u razvoju refers to the idea that the entire team takes ownership and responsibility for the development of the system, promoting collaboration and shared decision-making. The other options, nepostovanje standarda kodiranja and slozen dizajn sistema, are not specific to XP and do not align with its principles.

The correct answer is "ponasanja koja kupac ocekuje od softvera ne vodeci racuna o realizaciji". This means that the goal of requirement analysis is to accurately determine the behaviors that the customer expects from the software without considering the implementation details. In other words, the focus is on understanding the desired functionality and user experience rather than how it will be achieved in the software system.

The correct answer is "Granjanja i spajanja". In activity diagram modeling, branching and merging are used to represent parallel behavior. Branching represents a decision point where the flow of control splits into multiple paths, while merging represents the point where multiple paths converge back into a single flow. This allows for modeling of parallel activities and synchronization points in the system.

The correct answer is "Cine programi na niskom nivou" and "Omogucava rad sa racunarskom opremom" because system software consists of low-level programs that interact with the computer hardware and enable the functioning of computer systems. It does not necessarily include web applications or rely on application software.

During the design process, designers create a conceptual project to outline the overall vision and ideas for the project. This includes defining the goals, objectives, and desired outcomes. Once the conceptual project is established, designers then move on to creating the technical project, which involves developing detailed plans, specifications, and drawings that will guide the implementation of the design. Both the conceptual and technical projects are crucial in the design process as they ensure that the final product meets the desired requirements and can be effectively executed.

The advantages of designing using pipes and filters are that it allows for concurrent processing of data and the system can easily be modified by adding or removing filters. However, filters cannot be used multiple times.

The correct answer is "u svakoj verziji isporucuje se ceo sistem sa unapredjenim funkcijama, postoji mogucnost rane obuke korisnika". This answer is correct because it states that in each version of the software, the entire system is delivered with improved functionalities. It also mentions that there is the possibility of early user training, which is a characteristic of iterative software development.

Prototyping is a software development process that involves creating prototypes of the final product. One of the key characteristics of prototyping is that it allows for the quick generation of the system. This means that prototypes can be developed rapidly, enabling faster iterations and feedback. Additionally, prototyping does not necessarily require that the prototypes be included in the final product. This flexibility allows for experimentation and refinement without committing to specific design choices. Therefore, the given answer correctly states that prototyping enables fast system generation and that prototypes do not have to be included in the final product.

In the given diagram, components interact with the environment through ports. Ports provide a connection point for components to communicate with the external world. They allow components to send and receive messages or data to and from the environment. Ports act as interfaces between the components and the outside world, enabling them to exchange information and carry out their functions effectively.

The correct answer is "Definicija zahteva, Specifikacija zahteva". When documenting requirements, it is usually necessary to create a definition of the requirements, which provides a clear understanding of what is being requested. The specification of the requirements further elaborates on the details of the requirements, including any specific criteria or constraints. These two documents together help in accurately capturing and communicating the requirements for a project or system. The other options mentioned, "Opis zahteva" (Description of requirements) and "Realizacija zahteva" (Realization of requirements) are not typically included in the documentation of requirements.

The given answer states that the advantages of extreme programming include good software at an acceptable cost and a pleasant working atmosphere. This implies that extreme programming can deliver high-quality software without incurring excessive expenses, and it promotes a positive and enjoyable work environment.

The correct answer for this question is "provera da li definicije zahteva tacno odrazavaju potrebe narucioca" which means "checking whether the definitions of requirements accurately reflect the needs of the customer" and "provera da li specifikacija odgovara definiciji zahteva" which means "checking whether the specification matches the definition of requirements". These two options suggest that validation of requirements involves verifying if the definitions and specifications accurately represent the customer's needs.

The correct answer is Formalna inspekcija and Citanje dokumenata. These two techniques, formal inspection and reading documents, are commonly used for validating requirements. Formal inspection involves a systematic review of the requirements by a group of stakeholders to identify any errors, inconsistencies, or missing information. Reading documents refers to thoroughly reviewing the requirements documentation to ensure clarity, completeness, and correctness. Both techniques are important in validating requirements and ensuring that they meet the desired criteria.

The correct answer is "zahtevi se definisu u terminologiji narucioca, rezultat analize je SSZ (specifikacija softverskog zahteva)". This means that the requirements for the software product are defined in the terminology of the customer, and the result of the analysis is the SSZ (software requirement specification).

The given answer states that in the component composition, the components can have two types of interfaces through which they can be accessed: "zahtevani" (required) and "ponudjeni" (provided). The "zahtevani" interface refers to the interface that is required by the component to function properly, while the "ponudjeni" interface refers to the interface that the component offers or provides to other components.

The UML class model includes the name, attributes, and operations of a class. This information is essential for defining the structure and behavior of the class. By specifying the name, attributes, and operations, the UML class model provides a clear understanding of the class's properties and functionalities. This allows for effective communication and documentation of the class in software development projects.

The given answer suggests that the characteristics of phased software development include the delivery of software in parts and the existence of two systems simultaneously: the development system and the production system. This implies that phased software development is a process where software is developed and delivered incrementally, allowing for continuous improvements and updates while maintaining separate environments for development and production.

The correct answer is "ne mora se voditi racuna o kvalitetu i efikasnosti" and "razvija se radi boljeg upoznavanja sa problemima". This means that the illustrative prototype does not need to prioritize quality and efficiency, and it is developed in order to gain a better understanding of the problems.

The correct answer is "Omogucava povratne sprege, Omogucava verifikaciju i validaciju." The V model of software development is known for its ability to provide feedback loops, allowing for continuous improvement and refinement of the software. It also enables verification and validation processes to ensure that the software meets the desired requirements and quality standards. These characteristics make the V model a valuable and effective approach in software development.

The correct answer is "diajgram klase, dijagram sekvence". This is because both "diajgram klase" (class diagram) and "dijagram sekvence" (sequence diagram) are types of UML diagrams commonly used in software development. A class diagram represents the static structure of a system, showing the classes, their attributes, and relationships between classes. A sequence diagram, on the other hand, represents the dynamic behavior of a system, showing the interactions between objects over time. Both diagrams are important tools for understanding and designing software systems.

In UML, associations are represented by directed lines from the source class to the target class. This indicates that there is a relationship between the two classes, with the source class being associated with the target class. The direction of the line shows the direction of the association.

The given answer highlights two characteristics of a sequence diagram with a centralized management approach. Firstly, it mentions that the approach is simple and suitable for beginners, indicating that it is easy to understand and use. Secondly, it states that one participant processes the majority of the data while others supply it, suggesting that the workload is distributed among multiple participants.

Activity diagrams can be used to model both parallel behavior and conditional behavior. Parallel behavior refers to activities that can be executed concurrently, where multiple actions or processes can occur simultaneously. Conditional behavior, on the other hand, represents activities that are dependent on certain conditions or events. Therefore, both parallel behavior and conditional behavior can be accurately represented using activity diagrams.

The correct answer is "integracija parcijalnih resenja potproblema" which translates to "integration of partial solutions of subproblems" in English. This means that the synthesis of the problem solution involves combining the partial solutions of subproblems into a comprehensive solution. This process requires understanding the problem, breaking it down into smaller subproblems, and determining the relationships between these subproblems in order to integrate their solutions effectively.

The correct answer is "Enkapsulacija, Identitet." In object-oriented design, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods into a single unit called an object, which can then be accessed and manipulated only through its defined interfaces. Identitet, or identity, refers to the unique characteristics and behavior of an object that distinguish it from other objects. These two characteristics are fundamental to the object-oriented style of design and help in creating modular, reusable, and maintainable code.

The correct answer is "Asocijaciju klase" and "Atribut klase". In UML, the "Date(0..1)" represents a class association, which is a relationship between two classes. It indicates that an instance of one class is associated with zero or one instance of another class. On the other hand, "Atribut klase" refers to a class attribute, which is a property or characteristic of a class. It represents the data that each instance of the class will possess. So, in this context, "Date(0..1)" can be interpreted as both a class association and a class attribute.

In UML, properties can be represented by attributes and associations. Attributes are used to represent the characteristics or data fields of a class, while associations represent the relationships between classes. Therefore, the correct answer is "Atributa, Asocijacija".

The correct answer includes the styles of "Ravnopravan pristup" and "Klijent-server arhitektura". These styles refer to different approaches in system design. "Ravnopravan pristup" suggests that all components or participants in the system have equal access and authority. On the other hand, "Klijent-server arhitektura" describes a design where the system is divided into two parts: the client, which requests services or resources, and the server, which provides those services or resources. These styles highlight different ways of organizing and structuring a system.

The given answer states that the application is decomposed into multiple abstract layers that contain groups of tasks. Each layer provides services to the next higher layer, and each step in data processing is represented by a layer. Additionally, each layer uses the services of the next higher layer. This explanation describes the characteristics of the layered architecture design style, where the application is structured into layers that interact with each other in a hierarchical manner, providing modularity and separation of concerns.

The correct answer suggests that the RUP method of software development provides recommendations for development but does not impose any requirements. The process of development is formed by selecting elements from RUP.

The requirements regarding software quality refer to the performance and security of the system. This means that the software should be able to perform efficiently and effectively, meeting the desired performance standards. Additionally, it should also ensure the security of the system, protecting it from any potential threats or vulnerabilities. These requirements are essential in ensuring that the software meets the desired quality standards and provides a reliable and secure system for its users.

The correct answer is ilustrativni prototip and evolutivni prototip. These types of prototypes are used to illustrate or demonstrate the functionality and design of a product or system. Ilustrativni prototip focuses on visual representation and user interface, while evolutivni prototip involves iterative development and refinement of the prototype based on user feedback and requirements. Both types help stakeholders and users to better understand and evaluate the final product before its actual implementation.

The correct answer is "po jednom za svaki element ulazne kolekcije" because the phrase "po jednom" means "once" or "one time" in Serbian. Therefore, this option states that the actions in the activity diagram are executed once for each element in the input collection.

The spiral model of software development is characterized by its high complexity and its focus on managing project risks. This model is not specifically designed for the development of small and simple systems. Additionally, the estimation of costs can be challenging due to the use of a user prototype.

The correct answer is "liniju zivota, poruke i trake aktivnosti". In a UML sequence diagram, the lifeline represents the lifespan of an object, the messages represent the communication between objects, and the activity bars represent the time during which an object is actively processing a message. These elements are essential for representing the dynamic behavior of a system and how objects interact with each other.

The correct answer is "predstavlja skup povezanih scenarija, opisuje interakciju između korisnika i sistema." A use case describes a set of related scenarios and represents the interaction between users and the system. It outlines the steps or actions that a user can take and how the system responds to those actions. Use cases are used to understand and define the functionality of a system and to capture the requirements from a user's perspective.

The correct answer states that the sequence diagram with distributed control has the characteristics of being efficient, requiring experienced designers, and having distributed processing across multiple participants. This means that the diagram is designed to optimize performance by distributing the processing load among multiple participants, but it also requires experienced designers who can effectively implement this approach.

The correct answer is "ulazi u konacni proizvod,mora se voditi racuna o kvalitetu, efikasnosti, proveri gresaka". This means that the characteristics of an evolutionary prototype include being incorporated into the final product and the need to ensure quality, efficiency, and error checking. It implies that the prototype is not just a temporary solution but plays a crucial role in the development of the final product.

ER dijagrami and Konacni automati are both methods for modeling requirements that software needs to fulfill. ER dijagrami, or Entity-Relationship diagrams, are used to represent the relationships between entities in a system. This helps in identifying the data requirements and relationships between different components of the software. On the other hand, Konacni automati, or Finite State Machines, are used to model the behavior of a system by defining a set of states and transitions between them. This helps in understanding the sequence of actions and events that the software should follow.

The correct answer includes two methods used in software design: modularnost na nivou funkcionalnosti (modularity at the level of functionality) and objektno-orijentisano projektovanje (object-oriented design).

Modularity at the level of functionality refers to breaking down the software into smaller, independent modules that perform specific functions. This approach allows for easier maintenance, reusability, and scalability of the software.

Object-oriented design is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects, which are instances of classes. It promotes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, making the software more flexible, modular, and easier to understand and maintain.

In UML, the interaction between a system and its processes is modeled using signals. Signals represent the communication or interaction between different components or objects within the system. They can be used to represent events, messages, or any form of communication that occurs between processes. By modeling the interaction using signals, the UML diagram can provide a clear representation of how the system and processes communicate and exchange information.

Uključeni slučajevi korišćenja su pogodni za opisivanje složenijih koraka u scenariju i koraka koji se ponavljaju u više slučajeva korišćenja. Uključeni slučajevi korišćenja se koriste za detaljnije opisivanje specifičnih koraka ili aktivnosti unutar scenarija, koji mogu biti složeniji ili se ponavljati u različitim slučajevima korišćenja.

Modelovanje procesa razvoja softvera omogućava da opis sistema svi učesnici procesa razumeju na isti način. Takođe, omogućava i pronalaženje nedoslednosti u sistemu u ranoj fazi. Ovo je važno jer nedoslednosti u sistemu mogu dovesti do problema i grešaka kasnije u razvoju softvera. Modelovanje procesa takođe može omogućiti brži razvoj bez izrade obimne dokumentacije, jer modeli mogu biti efikasan način za komunikaciju i razumevanje između učesnika projekta.

The correct answer is "procesna organicenja, funkcionalni zahtevi". This means that the types of requirements that a software system needs to meet are "procesna organicenja" (process constraints) and "funkcionalni zahtevi" (functional requirements). Process constraints refer to limitations or restrictions on the software development process, such as time constraints or resource limitations. Functional requirements, on the other hand, define the specific functions or features that the software system should have in order to meet the needs of the users or stakeholders.

The lack of using equal access to design is due to the absence of guarantee in terms of the quality of provided services because the components collaborate on a voluntary basis. Additionally, it is difficult to ensure network security.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that in the context of "Slucaju koriscenja" (Use case), the general information that can be associated or included are "Preduslov" (Precondition) and "Garancije" (Guarantees). These two aspects are important in determining the conditions or requirements that need to be met before the use case can be executed, as well as the guarantees or assurances that are provided for the successful completion of the use case. The other options mentioned, "Rizik" (Risk) and "Format" (Format), may also be relevant in certain use cases, but they are not mentioned as general information that can be associated with use cases.

The lack of using client-server architecture in design can lead to frequent instances of "idle time" in communication and the occurrence of unexpected events. This means that there may be delays or gaps in communication between the client and server, resulting in inefficiencies and potential disruptions in the system. Additionally, without the use of client components multiple times, the design may not be able to fully utilize the benefits and capabilities that client-server architecture offers.

The given correct answer states that the transformation model of software development supports automatic modeling of the development process and translates formal specifications into software for testing. This means that the model allows for the automatic creation of a development process model and converts formal specifications into software that can be used for testing purposes. This suggests that the transformation model streamlines the development process and ensures that the software meets the specified requirements.

U UML-u postoje slične vrste operacija, a to su upiti i modifikatori. Upiti se koriste za dobijanje informacija o objektima ili njihovim atributima, dok se modifikatori koriste za promjenu stanja objekata ili atributa. Ove operacije omogućavaju manipulaciju podacima u UML dijagramima i pružaju fleksibilnost u modeliranju objekata i njihovih ponašanja.

The correct answer is "Razlaganje problema na potprobleme, Utvrđivanje veza između potproblema". This is because before software development, it is necessary to analyze the system, which involves breaking down the main problem into subproblems and determining the relationships between them. This allows for a better understanding of the problem and helps in designing an effective solution.

By using connectors in an activity diagram, it allows for better visibility and understanding of the diagram. Connectors help to establish the flow and sequence of activities, making it easier to follow and comprehend the overall process. They provide a clear visual representation of how different activities are connected and how they relate to each other, enhancing the overall clarity and comprehensibility of the diagram.

The correct answer is that the style is used in data flow systems and each step in data processing is represented by a filter component. This means that the design style involves processing data through a series of filters, where each filter represents a step in the data processing pipeline. This design approach allows for the modular and efficient processing of data, as each step can be independently designed and optimized. The filters are interdependent, meaning that the output of one filter is often the input for the next filter in the pipeline.

In programming, footprints and transformations are used to describe actions with parameters. This means that these concepts are used to define actions or functions that can take inputs or arguments, which can be used within the action to perform specific tasks or calculations. By using parameters, programmers can create more flexible and reusable code, as the same action can be applied to different inputs by simply changing the parameter values.

The correct answer is "pristup je otporan na otkaze pojedinih komponenata" (the approach is resilient to failures of individual components) because this property ensures that the system can continue to function even if some components fail. Additionally, "ista komponenta moze da ima ulogu i klijenta i servera" (the same component can have the role of both client and server) is also a characteristic of equal access in design, as it promotes flexibility and decentralization in the system.

UML dijagrami raspoređivanja opisuju kako je sistem organizovan kako sa hardverske, tako i sa softverske strane. Oni prikazuju kako su komponente sistema raspoređene na fizičke čvorove (hardver) i kako te komponente međusobno komuniciraju (softver). Ovi dijagrami pružaju uvid u to kako sistem funkcioniše i kako su njegove komponente povezane, što je od velike važnosti prilikom razvoja i održavanja sistema.

The correct answer is the selection of components (subsystems) and defining their services, as well as determining the connections between components and existing constraints. This involves identifying the necessary components for the system and specifying their functionalities, as well as considering the relationships between these components and any limitations or restrictions that may exist. However, writing program code is not mentioned in the given options, so it is not part of the process of design.

The correct answer is "okvira interakcije" because in a sequence diagram, loops are represented using the interaction frame. The interaction frame is a rectangular box that encloses the sequence of messages and lifelines involved in the loop. It helps to clearly depict the repetitive nature of the loop in the sequence diagram.

The correct answer is "intenzivna saradnja sa kupcem i korisnicima" and "utvrdjivanje interakcije sistema sa okruzenjem". In the software development process, the phase of analysis and requirements definition involves actively collaborating with the customer and users to understand their needs and expectations. It also involves determining how the system will interact with its environment, ensuring that it functions properly in its intended context. These activities are crucial for gathering accurate requirements and ensuring the successful development of the software.

The correct answer is "podrazumeva proveru da li specifikacija zahteva odgovara definiciji zahteva, pruza sigurnost da ce sistem zadovoljiti zahteve korisnika." This answer explains that verification of specifications involves checking whether the requirements specification matches the definition of requirements and provides assurance that the system will meet the user's requirements.

The given answer states that the requirement is decomposed into scenarios, for which traces are then created. Additionally, it mentions that the method is used only for key requirements due to the large number of diagrams involved. This explanation highlights the key points mentioned in the answer without explicitly stating that it is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "fizicka organizacija softverskih komponenti u sistemu" which translates to "physical organization of software components in the system". This means that a UML component diagram describes how the software components are physically organized and interconnected in a system. It does not focus on hardware or software architecture, logic procedures, business processes, or collaboration between objects within an activity.

UML dijagrami sekvence opisuju saradnju objekata u okviru neke aktivnosti. Ovi dijagrami prikazuju redosled poruka koje se razmenjuju između objekata kako bi se postigao određeni cilj ili izvršila određena aktivnost. Ova vrsta dijagrama pomaže u vizualizaciji interakcije između objekata i njihovih uloga u sistemu.

The correct answer includes two statements. The first statement is that the method of finite automata defines changes in the behavior of a system due to the occurrence of events. This means that the method focuses on capturing how the system responds to different events or inputs. The second statement is that automata can be found in a certain number of states. This implies that the behavior of the system can be represented by a finite number of states, which simplifies the modeling process.

The phase "system design" in software development involves selecting the architecture of the system's components and algorithms, as well as creating a solution plan based on the specified requirements. This phase does not necessarily involve intensive collaboration with the customer and user, but rather focuses on making decisions regarding the system's structure and functionality.

The correct answer explains that a UML use case diagram depicts the participants, use cases, and the relationships between them. It also indicates the system boundaries and its interaction with the environment.

The correct answer is "dokument sadrzi opis interakcije sistema sa okruzenjem" and "dokument sadrzi kompletan skup zahteva narucioca." This means that the document includes the description of how the system interacts with its environment and it also contains all the requirements specified by the client. These statements indicate that the "definicije zahteva" document resulting from requirements analysis includes information about system interactions and fulfills all the client's requirements.

The given answer suggests that the characteristics of event-driven architecture include associating procedures with components that handle events and using the principle of broadcasting messages about the occurrence of an event. This means that in event-driven architecture, components are designed to respond to specific events by executing the associated procedures, and the system communicates the occurrence of events to relevant components using a broadcasting mechanism.