Metodologija Razvoja Softvera

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  • 1/79 Pitanja

    Sta je kontrolna tacka ili milestone u okviru metodologija razvoja softvera?

    • Definišu ponašanja i odgovornosti pojedinca ili tima.
    • Sumira rezultate prethodne faze, u njoj se donose značajne odluke za ceo projekat, služi kao dogovor između naručioca posla i realizatora i kao osnova za razvoj naredne faze.
    • Služi kao osnova za testiranje sistema i kontrolu rada tima
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Metodologija Razvoja Softvera - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Na koji jezik se oslanja RUP metodologija:

    • XML

    • C++

    • JSON

    • UML

    • HTML

    • JAVA

    Correct Answer
    A. UML
    Explanation
    RUP (Rational Unified Process) je metodologija razvoja softvera koja se oslanja na jezik UML (Unified Modeling Language). UML je standardizovani jezik za vizuelizaciju, specifikaciju, konstrukciju i dokumentaciju softvera. RUP koristi UML kao osnovu za modeliranje i analizu sistema, što omogućava timovima da jasnije razumeju zahteve, arhitekturu i procese razvoja softvera.

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  • 3. 

    Ukoliko je četvoro (*1.5)u timu, koliko maksimalno zadataka može da se radi u fazi razvoja rešenja, prema Kanban metodi:

    • 4

    • 5

    • 6

    • 7

    • 8

    Correct Answer
    A. 6
    Explanation
    According to the Kanban method, the maximum number of tasks that can be worked on in the solution development phase with a team of four is six.

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  • 4. 

    Šta se podrazumeva pod metodologijom razvoja softvera?

    • Pojednostavljeni prikaz realnosti sistema prikazanog formalnim jezikom modelovanja koji pokazuje od čega se sistem sastoji i kako će biti fizički i tehnički implementiran.

    • Implementacija životnog ciklusa softvera koji uključuje aktivnosti za svaku fazu, pravila za svaku aktivnost, standarde kvaliteta i isporučljivosti, organizaciju rada tima i alate i tehnike.

    • Tehnika za izvršavanje poslovnih zahteva za podacima i procesima.

    Correct Answer
    A. Implementacija životnog ciklusa softvera koji uključuje aktivnosti za svaku fazu, pravila za svaku aktivnost, standarde kvaliteta i isporučljivosti, organizaciju rada tima i alate i tehnike.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the implementation of the software development life cycle, which includes activities for each phase, rules for each activity, quality and deliverability standards, team organization, and tools and techniques. This explanation describes the process of implementing the entire software development life cycle, including the necessary activities, rules, standards, organization, and tools and techniques required for successful software development.

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  • 5. 

    Koji obrazac vam omogućava da pošaljete zahtev klasama, koje će odlučiti da li će obraditi pristigli zahtev ili ga proslediti narednoj klasi u lancu?

    • Comand

    • Mediator

    • Strategy

    • Template Method

    • Chain of Responsibility

    Correct Answer
    A. Chain of Responsibility
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Chain of Responsibility. The Chain of Responsibility pattern allows you to send a request to a chain of classes, which will decide whether to handle the request or pass it to the next class in the chain. This pattern promotes loose coupling between the sender and receiver of a request, as well as flexibility in dynamically adding or modifying the classes in the chain.

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  • 6. 

    Šta je Kanban?

    • Okvir koji se koristi za implementaciju agilnog razvoja softvera gde se limitirani set zadataka povlači (pull) kroz tok vrednosti (value stream) u realnom vremenu, kako bi članovi tima u svakom trenutku sagledali stanje svakog dela posla.

    • Metodologija koja pomaže razvojnom timu da odgovori na kritična poslovna pitanja kroz brzi razvoj prototipa i testiranja od strane korisnika.

    • Iterativni, nelinearni proces u kome se teži da se duboko razume korisnik, izazovu sopstvene pretpostavke i redefinišu problemi u cilju identifikovanja inovatinih rešenja.

    Correct Answer
    A. Okvir koji se koristi za implementaciju agilnog razvoja softvera gde se limitirani set zadataka povlači (pull) kroz tok vrednosti (value stream) u realnom vremenu, kako bi članovi tima u svakom trenutku sagledali stanje svakog dela posla.
    Explanation
    Kanban je okvir koji se koristi za implementaciju agilnog razvoja softvera. U ovom okviru, tim koristi limitirani set zadataka koji se povlači (pull) kroz tok vrednosti (value stream) u realnom vremenu. Ovo omogućava članovima tima da u svakom trenutku imaju uvid u stanje svakog dela posla. Kanban pomaže timu da vizualizuje radne zadatke, prati napredak i identifikuje eventualne prepreke ili uska grla u procesu. Ova metoda omogućava kontinuirano poboljšavanje timskog rada i efikasnost u isporuci softvera.

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  • 7. 

    Koje metodologije spadaju u tradicionalne?

    • Vodopad

    • Agile MSF

    • RUP

    • Spiralni

    • Scrum

    • Design Thinking

    Correct Answer
    A. Vodopad
    Explanation
    The traditional methodologies refer to the sequential and linear approach to software development. The Waterfall methodology, also known as Vodopad, is a traditional methodology that follows a sequential process, where each phase is completed before moving onto the next. Agile MSF, RUP, Spiral, Scrum, and Design Thinking are all iterative and flexible methodologies that do not fall under the traditional category.

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  • 8. 

    Šta su kreacioni obrasci?

    • Tip obrazaca koji se bave kompozicijom klasa u fleksibilne i efikasne strukture podataka

    • Tip obrasca koji se bave komunikacijom između objekata

    • Tip obrazaca koji obezbeđuju način kreiranja objekata sakrivajući  pri tom logiku kreiranja, pre nego da se bave direktnim instanciranjem objekata koristeći operator new

    • Tip obrasca koji se isključivo bavi prezentacionim slojem arhitekture softvera

    Correct Answer
    A. Tip obrazaca koji obezbeđuju način kreiranja objekata sakrivajući  pri tom logiku kreiranja, pre nego da se bave direktnim instanciranjem objekata koristeći operator new
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the type of design patterns that provide a way to create objects by hiding the creation logic, rather than directly instantiating objects using the new operator. These patterns are known as creational patterns and they help in creating objects in a flexible and efficient manner.

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  • 9. 

    Šta je vodopad model razvoja softvera?

    • Model koji se zasniva na kontinualnoj potrebi za usavršavanjem zahteva prolaskom kroz nekoliko sekvencijalnih iteracija.

    • Model koji se zasniva na iterativno-inkrementalnom pristupu razvoja softvera gde su članovi tima, zahtevi korisnika, brzi odziv na promene i  isporuka kvalitetnog softver važniji od pridržavanja striktnih planova, procesa ugovaranja i dokumentacije.

    • Model koji se sastoji od strogo definisanih sekvencionalnih procesa koji opisuju faze razvoja softvera, gde se u narednu fazu prelazi tek kada je potpuno završena prethodna faza.

    Correct Answer
    A. Model koji se sastoji od strogo definisanih sekvencionalnih procesa koji opisuju faze razvoja softvera, gde se u narednu fazu prelazi tek kada je potpuno završena prethodna faza.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the waterfall model of software development. This model consists of strictly defined sequential processes that describe the phases of software development, where the next phase is only entered after the previous phase is completely finished.

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  • 10. 

    Koja je uloga testera (TESTER) prema MSF okviru:

    • Analizira i projektuje sistem i sastavlja kompletnu funkcionalnu specifikaciju rešenja.

    • Odgovoran za razvoj tehnološkog rešenja prema specifikacijama dobijenih od menadžera programa.

    • Pravi uputstva za upotrebu, implementira i instalira sistem, odgovoran za uvođenje, rukovanje i održavanje sistema.

    • Pronalazi greške, testira sve module kako bi finalno rešenje bilo sto stabilnije, upoređuje funkcionalnost programa sa ciljevima i vizijom projekta.

    • Vodi početne razgovore sa naručiocima posla, prikuplja zahteve, dogovara šta će se raditi, uspostavlja rokove, ogranićenja, upravlja rizicima.

    • Koristi rešenje, analizira performanse, korisničke interfejse i druge funkcionalnosti softvera kako bi bilo što upotrebljivije.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pronalazi greške, testira sve module kako bi finalno rešenje bilo sto stabilnije, upoređuje funkcionalnost programa sa ciljevima i vizijom projekta.
    Explanation
    The role of a tester according to the MSF framework is to find errors, test all modules to ensure that the final solution is as stable as possible, and compare the functionality of the program with the goals and vision of the project.

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  • 11. 

    Za koju kompaniju se vezuje primena osnovnog Lean koncepta u proizvodnji automobila:

    • Toyota

    • Ford

    • General Motors

    Correct Answer
    A. Ford
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Ford. Ford is often associated with the application of the basic Lean concept in automobile production. Lean manufacturing focuses on reducing waste, improving efficiency, and maximizing value for the customer. Ford has implemented Lean principles such as just-in-time production, continuous improvement, and eliminating non-value-added activities in their manufacturing processes. This has helped Ford streamline their operations, reduce costs, and deliver high-quality vehicles to their customers.

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  • 12. 

    Koje godine je dat prvi formalni opis vodopad modela?

    • 1950-tih

    • 1960-tih

    • 1970-tih

    • 1980-tih

    • 1990-tih

    • 2000-tih

    • 2010-tih

    Correct Answer
    A. 1970-tih
    Explanation
    The first formal description of the waterfall model was given in the 1970s. This model is a sequential design process in which progress flows steadily downwards through the phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It was introduced by Dr. Winston W. Royce in a paper published in 1970, titled "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems." The waterfall model was one of the earliest software development methodologies and laid the foundation for many subsequent models and approaches.

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  • 13. 

    Ko je razvio Design Sprint?

    • IBM

    • Microsoft

    • Google

    • Stanford

    Correct Answer
    A. Google
    Explanation
    Google je razvio Design Sprint, koji je metodologija za brzo prototipiranje i testiranje ideja. Design Sprint je razvijen u Google Ventures (GV), investicijskoj grani Googlea, kao način za brzo i efikasno rješavanje složenih problema i razvoj novih proizvoda. Metodologija je postala popularna i široko korištena u industriji tehnologije i dizajna.

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  • 14. 

    Potrebno je proći kroz sve elemente kolekcije Zaposleni i svakom ko ima platu manje od 500e potrebno je povećati za 100e. Koji obrazac bi koristitli za prolazak kroz datu kolekciju?

    • Command

    • Facade

    • Strategy

    • Builder

    • Iterator

    Correct Answer
    A. Iterator
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Iterator. The Iterator pattern is used to traverse a collection of elements without exposing its underlying representation. It provides a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its internal structure. In this scenario, we need to iterate through the collection of employees and increase the salary of each employee who earns less than 500e by 100e. The Iterator pattern would be the most appropriate choice to achieve this functionality efficiently.

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  • 15. 

    U kojoj fazi Design Thinking-a se definišu mape empatije

    • Faza empatije

    • Definisanje potreba korisnika

    • Generisanje ideja

    • Kreiranje prototipa

    Correct Answer
    A. Faza empatije
    Explanation
    In the empathy phase of Design Thinking, empathy maps are defined. This phase involves understanding and empathizing with the users or customers for whom the design solution is being created. Empathy maps help in gaining insights into the users' needs, desires, and pain points, which then inform the design process. This phase is crucial for developing a deep understanding of the users and their experiences, which ultimately leads to creating more effective and user-centered solutions.

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  • 16. 

    Tokom definisanja vizije (Envisioning) poslovnog rešenja u okviru MSF okvira:

    • Pravi se konceptualni, logički i fizički dizajn rešenja.

    • Identifikuju se ciljevi, domen i ograničenja projekta, razmatra izvodljivost projekta, procenjuju neophodni resursi, formira se projektni tim i analiziraju rizici.

    • Priprema se okruženje za uvođenje rešenja, ažurira se dokumentacija, pravi se plan testiranja, plan bezbednosti, backup plan i vrsi obučavanje.

    Correct Answer
    A. Identifikuju se ciljevi, domen i ograničenja projekta, razmatra izvodljivost projekta, procenjuju neophodni resursi, formira se projektni tim i analiziraju rizici.
    Explanation
    During the Envisioning phase of the MSF framework, the goals, scope, and constraints of the project are identified. The feasibility of the project is considered, necessary resources are estimated, a project team is formed, and risks are analyzed. This phase also involves preparing the environment for the solution implementation, updating documentation, creating a testing plan, security plan, backup plan, and conducting training.

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  • 17. 

    Ukoliko želite da klijenti koriste istu istancu klase A, šta bi bilo rešenje:

    • Označili bi klasu A kao final

    • Označili bi klasu A kao apstraktnu

    • Primenili bi Singleton obrazac na klasu A

    • Primenili bi Memento obrazac na klasu A

    Correct Answer
    A. Primenili bi Singleton obrazac na klasu A
    Explanation
    To ensure that clients use the same instance of class A, the Singleton pattern should be applied. The Singleton pattern restricts the instantiation of a class to a single object, ensuring that only one instance of the class exists throughout the program. This guarantees that all clients will access and use the same instance of class A.

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  • 18. 

    Šta se podrazumeva pod upravljanjem rizicima?

    • Razvoj znanja, veština i sposobnosti tima koje su neophodne za upravljanje rizicima tokom razvoja softvera

    • Proaktivno upravljanje, odlučivanje i kontinualna ocena rizika tokom životnog ciklusa razvoja softvera

    • Pripremanje i praćenje rasporeda projekta, alociranje resursa, upravljanje rizicima i upravljanje kvalitetom

    Correct Answer
    A. Proaktivno upravljanje, odlučivanje i kontinualna ocena rizika tokom životnog ciklusa razvoja softvera
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Proaktivno upravljanje, odlučivanje i kontinualna ocena rizika tokom životnog ciklusa razvoja softvera." This answer suggests that risk management involves actively identifying and assessing risks, making decisions based on that assessment, and continuously evaluating and monitoring risks throughout the software development lifecycle. It emphasizes the importance of taking a proactive approach to managing risks rather than simply reacting to them as they arise.

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  • 19. 

    Koje godine se vezuju za nastavak prvih iterativnih metodologija razvoja softvera, npr. Spiralni model?

    • 1950-tih

    • 1960-tih

    • 1970-tih

    • 1980-tih

    • 1990-tih

    • 2000-tih

    • 2010-tih

    Correct Answer
    A. 1980-tih
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 1980-tih. This is because in the 1980s, there was a significant shift in software development methodologies towards iterative approaches. The Spiral model, which is mentioned in the question, was introduced by Barry Boehm in 1986. This model emphasized a repetitive and incremental approach to software development, where each iteration involved planning, risk analysis, development, and evaluation. This marked a departure from the earlier waterfall model and laid the foundation for modern iterative methodologies such as Agile.

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  • 20. 

    Koji obrazac razdvaja ogroman broj klasa, često i tesno povezanih, u dve odvojene hijerarhije klasa: Apstrakcija i Implementacija.

    • Command

    • Facade

    • Strategy

    • Builder

    • Bridge

    Correct Answer
    A. Bridge
    Explanation
    The Bridge design pattern separates a large number of closely related classes into two separate class hierarchies: Abstraction and Implementation. This allows the two hierarchies to vary independently, enabling changes in one hierarchy to not affect the other. The Bridge pattern promotes loose coupling between the abstraction and implementation, making it easier to extend and modify the system.

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  • 21. 

    Šta je osnovni cilj LEAN principa?

    • Pravovremena proizvodnja za upravljanje i kontrolu proizvodnog procesa

    • Ograničiti broj artikala koji sme da se proizvodi tokom određenog segmenta radnog procesa

    • Smanjenje svih vrsta gubitaka u proizvodnji

    • Smanjiti vreme ciklusa proizvodnje (lead time)

    Correct Answer
    A. Smanjenje svih vrsta gubitaka u proizvodnji
    Explanation
    The basic goal of LEAN principles is to reduce all types of losses in production. This means identifying and eliminating any activities or processes that do not add value to the final product. By minimizing waste, such as excess inventory, overproduction, and defects, LEAN principles aim to improve efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction. This can be achieved through various techniques, such as implementing standardized work processes, continuous improvement, and employee involvement. Overall, the focus is on optimizing the production process to eliminate waste and maximize value.

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  • 22. 

    Ukoliko pravite aplikaciju za McDonald’s, konkretno za Happy Meal obrok, koji se sastoji od poznatih sastojaka, s tim što klijent može birati piće, vrstu hamburgera i igračku, koji bi obrazac primenili za kreiranje željenog Happy Meal obroka?

    • Singleton

    • Builder

    • Factory Method

    • Abstract Factory

    Correct Answer
    A. Builder
    Explanation
    The Builder pattern would be the appropriate pattern to use for creating the desired Happy Meal meal in this scenario. The Builder pattern allows for the step-by-step creation of complex objects, in this case, the Happy Meal, by separating the construction logic from the representation. It would allow the client to choose the drink, type of hamburger, and toy, and then construct the Happy Meal accordingly. This pattern provides flexibility and maintainability, as it allows for easy modification of the construction process without affecting the client code.

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  • 23. 

    U kojoj fazi Design Thinking-a se definišu tačke gledišta korisnika (POV):

    • Faza empatije

    • Definisanje potreba korisnika

    • Generisanje ideja

    • Kreiranje prototipa

    • Testiranje

    Correct Answer
    A. Definisanje potreba korisnika
    Explanation
    In the Design Thinking process, the phase where the points of view of the users (POV) are defined is the "Definisanje potreba korisnika" phase. This phase involves understanding and empathizing with the users, gaining insights into their needs, desires, and challenges. By defining the users' needs, the design team can better identify opportunities for innovation and create solutions that address those needs effectively.

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  • 24. 

    Šta su obrasci projektovanja (Design patterns):

    • Opšte, ponovo upotrebljivo rešenje za probleme koji se često mogu pojaviti u arhitekturi softvera

    • Ponovo upotrebljiv softverski kod koji nudi opšte rešenje za učestale probleme u razvoju softvera

    • Opisno rešenje problema koje zavisi od programskog jezika i mogu se primeniti samo na određene tehnologije

    Correct Answer
    A. Ponovo upotrebljiv softverski kod koji nudi opšte rešenje za učestale probleme u razvoju softvera
    Explanation
    Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems that occur in software architecture. They provide a general solution for frequent issues in software development. These patterns involve reusable software code that offers a general solution for common problems in software development. They are not dependent on programming languages or specific technologies, making them applicable in various contexts.

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  • 25. 

    Šta je MSF (Microsoft Solution Framework)?

    • Brzi agilni proces razvoja i održavanja složenih softverskih rešenja u okviru koga se mogu primeniti razni procesi i tehnike.

    • Skup modela, pravila i smernica za uspešno planiranje, projektovanje, razvoj i uvođenje poslovnih rešenja kombinujući vodopad i spiralni model.

    • Pristup razvoja softvera koji je iterativan, centriran oko arhitekture i vođen slučajevima korišćenja.

    Correct Answer
    A. Skup modela, pravila i smernica za uspešno planiranje, projektovanje, razvoj i uvođenje poslovnih rešenja kombinujući vodopad i spiralni model.
    Explanation
    MSF (Microsoft Solution Framework) is a set of models, rules, and guidelines for successful planning, designing, developing, and implementing business solutions by combining waterfall and spiral models. It provides a structured approach to software development that is iterative, architecture-centric, and driven by use cases.

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  • 26. 

    Koje se sve aktivnosti odvijaju u početnoj fazi (Inception) razvoja softvera prema RUP metodologiji?

    • Definiše se arhitektura softvera

    • Detaljno se opisuju zahtevi korisnika

    • Iterativno se razvija i testira kompletan softver

    • Vrši se validacija i priprema uvođenje softvera u realno okruženje

    • Obučavaju se korisnici

    • Definišu se vizija, domen, ključni zahtevi, akteri i slučajevi korišćenja

    • Identifikuju rizici, procenjuju troškovi i vremena razvoja softvera

    • Inicira se kreiranje poslovne studije opravdanosti ulaganja u projekat, plan upravljanja kvalitetom proizvoda

    Correct Answer
    A. Definišu se vizija, domen, ključni zahtevi, akteri i slučajevi korišćenja
    Explanation
    In the initial phase of software development according to the RUP methodology, activities such as defining the vision, domain, key requirements, actors, and use cases are carried out. This involves determining the overall goals and scope of the software, identifying the key stakeholders and their needs, and defining the specific features and functionalities that the software should have. This phase sets the foundation for the rest of the development process and helps ensure that the software meets the requirements and expectations of the users.

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  • 27. 

    Koje metodologije ili okviri su okrenuti generisanju inovativnih rešenja koje rešavaju konkretne potrebe korisnika?

    • Scrum

    • Kanban

    • Design Thinking

    • Design Sprint

    • Scrumban

    • RUP

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Design Thinking
    A. Design Sprint
    Explanation
    Design Thinking and Design Sprint are both methodologies that are focused on generating innovative solutions that address specific user needs. Design Thinking is a human-centered approach that emphasizes empathy, collaboration, and experimentation to understand and solve complex problems. Design Sprint, on the other hand, is a time-constrained process that helps teams quickly prototype and test ideas to validate their potential before investing further resources. Both methodologies prioritize user needs and aim to foster creativity and innovation in problem-solving.

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  • 28. 

    Koji obrazac nam omogućava da klase sa nekompatibilnim interfejsima međusobno sarađuju bez potrebe za modifikacijom njihovog izvornog koda?

    • Iterator

    • Command

    • Strategy

    • Adapter

    • Bridge

    • Composite

    Correct Answer
    A. Adapter
    Explanation
    The Adapter pattern allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together without modifying their source code. It acts as a bridge between the two incompatible interfaces, converting the interface of one class into another interface that the client expects. This enables the client to use the adapted class as if it was the original class, facilitating collaboration between the two classes without the need for modification.

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  • 29. 

    Želite da razvijate aplikaciju za upravljanje kućom i da omogućite klijentu da kada klikne na opciju npr. Turn-off, da se svi upaljeni elementi ugase, bez potrebe da klijent mora da ih gasi jedan po jedan ili da ima znanja o detaljima određenih uređaja, kako bi uspeo sve da ih pogasi. Objekat konkretne naredbe će proslediti zahteve primaocu (receiver) koji će realizovati celokupan posao tj. voditi računa da svi elementi budu ugašeni.  Koji obrazac bi vam pomogao u realizaciji ove aplikacije?

    • Command

    • Composite

    • Strategy

    • Decorator

    • Bridge

    Correct Answer
    A. Command
    Explanation
    The Command pattern would be helpful in implementing this application. The Command pattern allows encapsulating a request as an object, thereby allowing clients to parameterize clients with queues, requests, or operations. In this case, the client can click on the "Turn-off" option, and the concrete command object will send requests to the receiver to turn off all the devices, without the need for the client to have knowledge of the individual devices or turn them off one by one.

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  • 30. 

    Želite da kreirate aplikaciju za taksi usluge, a da pri tom, kada hoćete da uvedete nove funkcionalnosti, ne želite da menjate osnovnu strukturu klase Klijent. Koji obrazac vam omogućava da deifnišete nove operacije bez menjaja postojeće stukture objekta?

    • Comand

    • Memento

    • Template Method

    • Visitor

    Correct Answer
    A. Visitor
    Explanation
    The Visitor pattern allows you to define new operations on objects without changing their existing structure. This pattern separates the algorithm from the objects on which it operates, by defining a separate Visitor class that contains the new operations. The objects accept the visitor, which then performs the desired operations on them. This way, when you want to introduce new functionality to the objects, you can simply create a new visitor class without modifying the existing object structure.

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  • 31. 

    Šta je Design Thinking?

    • Agilna metodologija razvoja softvera sa fokusom na brzi razvoj glavnih funkcionalnosti rešenja, kroz interativno-inkrementalni proces razvoja.

    • Okvir (framework) koji je centriran oko arhitekture softvera i vođen use case-ovima (slučajevima korišćenja).

    • Iterativni, nelinearni proces u kome se teži da se duboko razume korisnik, izazovu sopstvene pretpostavke i redefinišu problemi u cilju identifikovanja inovatinih rešenja.

    Correct Answer
    A. Iterativni, nelinearni proces u kome se teži da se duboko razume korisnik, izazovu sopstvene pretpostavke i redefinišu problemi u cilju identifikovanja inovatinih rešenja.
    Explanation
    Design Thinking je iterativni, nelinearni proces koji ima za cilj duboko razumeti korisnika, izazvati sopstvene pretpostavke i redefinisati probleme kako bi se identifikovala inovativna rešenja. Ova metodologija podrazumeva da se korisnik stavi u centar procesa razvoja, a kroz iterativne cikluse istraživanja, definisanja problema, generisanja ideja, prototipiziranja i testiranja, dolazi se do konačnog rešenja koje najbolje zadovoljava potrebe korisnika. Ovaj pristup omogućava timu da se fokusira na stvarne potrebe korisnika i da kreira inovativna rešenja koja će doneti stvarnu vrednost.

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  • 32. 

    Koji obrazac rešava problem prolaska kroz različite strukture kolekcije?

    • Command

    • Facade

    • Strategy

    • Builder

    • Iterator

    Correct Answer
    A. Iterator
    Explanation
    The Iterator pattern provides a solution for traversing through different collection structures. It allows us to access the elements of a collection sequentially without exposing the underlying structure of the collection. By using an iterator, we can iterate over the elements of a collection in a consistent and standardized way, regardless of the specific implementation of the collection. This pattern decouples the client code from the collection implementation, making it easier to change or extend the collection without affecting the client code.

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  • 33. 

    Koji obrazac ponašanja vam omogućava da implementirate „undo“ akcije, odnosno da povratite prethodno stanje objekta?

    • Comand

    • Template Method

    • Mediator

    • Memento

    • Strategy

    Correct Answer
    A. Memento
    Explanation
    The Memento pattern allows you to implement "undo" actions and restore the previous state of an object. It achieves this by capturing the internal state of an object and storing it externally, so that it can be restored later if needed. This pattern is useful in situations where you want to provide a way to revert changes or undo actions in your application.

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  • 34. 

    Ukoliko razvijate aplikaciju, gde će korisnik, u zavisnosti od analize troškova, vremena i pogodnosti, selektovati jedan način prevoza do aerodoroma (taxi, autobus, limuzina, helikopter ..)  i platiti za uslugu, koji obrazac bi primenili?

    • Comand

    • Mediator

    • Memento

    • Strategy

    • Template Method

    Correct Answer
    A. Strategy
    Explanation
    The Strategy pattern would be the most suitable pattern to apply in this scenario. This pattern allows the user to select a specific transportation method based on the analysis of costs, time, and convenience. Each transportation method can be encapsulated in a separate strategy class, allowing for easy interchangeability and flexibility. The user can then select the desired strategy and pay for the service accordingly. This pattern promotes code reusability and maintainability, making it an ideal choice for developing an application with varying transportation options.

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  • 35. 

    Koja je uloga menadžera softverskog proizvoda (Product Manager) prema MSF okviru:

    • Analizira i projektuje sistem i sastavlja kompletnu funkcionalnu specifikaciju rešenja.

    • Odgovoran za razvoj tehnološkog rešenja prema specifikacijama dobijenih od menadžera programa.

    • Pronalazi greške, testira sve module kako bi finalno rešenje bilo sto stabilnije, upoređuje funkcionalnost programa sa ciljevima i vizijom projekta.

    • Vodi početne razgovore sa naručiocima posla, prikuplja zahteve, dogovara šta će se raditi, uspostavlja rokove, ogranićenja, upravlja rizicima.

    • Pravi uputstva za upotrebu, implementira i instalira sistem, odgovoran za uvođenje, rukovanje i održavanje sistema.

    • Koristi rešenje, analizira performanse, korisničke interfejse i druge funkcionalnosti softvera kako bi bilo što upotrebljivije.

    Correct Answer
    A. Vodi početne razgovore sa naručiocima posla, prikuplja zahteve, dogovara šta će se raditi, uspostavlja rokove, ogranićenja, upravlja rizicima.
    Explanation
    The role of a Product Manager according to the MSF framework is to lead initial discussions with clients, gather requirements, negotiate scope, establish deadlines, constraints, and manage risks.

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  • 36. 

    Koji su osnovni tipovi obrazaca projektovanja softvera (Design patterns):

    • Strukturni obrasci

    • Obrasci arhitekture

    • Kreacioni obrasci

    • Obrasci ponašanja

    • Obrasci uvođenja

    • Obrasci sistema

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Strukturni obrasci
    A. Kreacioni obrasci
    A. Obrasci ponašanja
    Explanation
    The basic types of software design patterns are structural patterns, creational patterns, and behavioral patterns. Structural patterns deal with the composition of classes and objects to form larger structures, while creational patterns focus on the creation of objects in a flexible and decoupled manner. Behavioral patterns, on the other hand, concentrate on the interaction between objects and the distribution of responsibilities.

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  • 37. 

    Koja je uloga  (USER EXPERIENCE) prema MSF okviru:

    • Vodi početne razgovore sa naručiocima posla, prikuplja zahteve, dogovara šta će se raditi, uspostavlja rokove, ogranićenja, upravlja rizicima.

    • Odgovoran za razvoj tehnološkog rešenja prema specifikacijama dobijenih od menadžera programa.

    • Analizira i projektuje sistem i sastavlja kompletnu funkcionalnu specifikaciju rešenja.

    • Koristi rešenje, analizira performanse, korisničke interfejse i druge funkcionalnosti softvera kako bi bilo što upotrebljivije.

    • Pronalazi greške, testira sve module kako bi finalno rešenje bilo sto stabilnije, upoređuje funkcionalnost programa sa ciljevima i vizijom projekta.

    Correct Answer
    A. Koristi rešenje, analizira performanse, korisničke interfejse i druge funkcionalnosti softvera kako bi bilo što upotrebljivije.
    Explanation
    The role of User Experience (UX) according to the MSF framework is to analyze the performance, user interfaces, and other functionalities of the software in order to make it more usable. This involves evaluating how well the software meets the needs and expectations of the users, identifying any errors or issues, and testing all modules to ensure the final solution is stable. The UX professional is responsible for comparing the functionality of the program with the project's goals and vision, ultimately aiming to improve the overall usability of the software.

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  • 38. 

    Sta je Sprint Burndown grafikon (grafikon spaljivanja, tj. smanjenja težinskih poena sprinta) prema SCRUM okviru:

    • Grafikon željenih korisničkih zahteva (user stories) sortiranih prema prioritetu

    • Grafikon funkcionalnosti kojima su dodeljeni težinski poeni, a koji treba da budu realizovani u sprintu

    • Grafikon za praćenje napredovanja sprinta gde se po danima unosi koliko je poena ostalo timu za realizaciju

    Correct Answer
    A. Grafikon za praćenje napredovanja sprinta gde se po danima unosi koliko je poena ostalo timu za realizaciju
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the graph for tracking the progress of the sprint, where the remaining points for the team to complete are entered on a daily basis. This graph, known as the Sprint Burndown chart, helps the team visualize their progress and how much work is left to be done in the sprint. It allows them to track their velocity and make adjustments if needed to ensure they meet their sprint goals.

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  • 39. 

    Ukoliko implementacija metoda zavisi od promene stanja u vrednostima atributa i ukoliko imate puno uslova koje morate da proveravate, koji bi obrazac primenili:

    • State

    • Singleton

    • Observer

    • Iterator

    • Adapter

    Correct Answer
    A. State
    Explanation
    If the implementation of the method depends on changes in the values of attributes and if there are many conditions that need to be checked, the State design pattern would be applied. This pattern allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes, and it encapsulates the state-specific behavior into separate classes. This helps in managing complex conditional logic and promotes better code organization and maintainability.

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  • 40. 

    Ukoliko pravite aplikaciju za konkretnog proizvođača automobila, koji nabavlja delove od fabrike za proizvodnju točkova, fabrike za proizvodnju motora i fabrike koja prozvodi haube, koji obrazac će vam omogućiti interfejs za kreiranje ovih delova automobila?

    • Singleton

    • Builder

    • Factory Method

    • Abstract Factory

    Correct Answer
    A. Abstract Factory
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Abstract Factory because it allows you to create families of related objects without specifying their concrete classes. In this case, the application needs to create different parts of the car (wheels, engine, hood) from different factories. The Abstract Factory pattern provides an interface for creating these parts, allowing the application to create objects from the specific factories for each part. This ensures that the parts are compatible and consistent with the chosen car manufacturer.

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  • 41. 

    Želite da razvijete aplikaciju koja će omogućiti povezivanje sa prijateljima na bilo kojoj platformi za društvene medije (npr. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram...). Klijent će samo odabrati prijatelja i željenu platformu, a aplikacija će ga transparentno povezati. Koji obrazac bi koristili?

    • Comand

    • Mediator

    • Memento

    • Strategy

    Correct Answer
    A. Mediator
    Explanation
    The Mediator pattern would be the most suitable choice for developing an application that allows connecting with friends on various social media platforms. This pattern promotes loose coupling between objects by introducing a mediator object that handles the communication between different objects. In this case, the mediator object would handle the communication between the application and the selected social media platform, allowing seamless connection with friends.

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  • 42. 

    Koji obrazac vam omogućava da u apstraktnoj klasi definišete final metodu sa jasnim koracima (algoritmom) realizacije metoda, koji je zajednički za sve potklase?

    • Comand

    • Mediator

    • Memento

    • Template Method

    Correct Answer
    A. Template Method
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Template Method. The Template Method design pattern allows you to define a final method with clear steps (algorithm) for method implementation in an abstract class, which is common for all subclasses. This pattern provides a skeleton for the algorithm, allowing subclasses to provide their own implementation for certain steps while keeping the overall structure of the algorithm intact.

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  • 43. 

    Kada je model aplikacije predstavljen kao stablo, koji obrazac bi ste primenili?

    • Command

    • Composite

    • Strategy

    • Builder

    • Decorator

    Correct Answer
    A. Composite
    Explanation
    When representing an application model as a tree, the Composite pattern would be applied. The Composite pattern allows objects to be composed into tree structures, where each object can represent either a single leaf node or a group of objects. This pattern enables the client to treat individual objects and groups of objects uniformly, simplifying the structure and operations of the application model.

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  • 44. 

    Metodologije ili okviri razvoja softvera su:

    • SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

    • Scrum

    • OUP (Open Unified Process)

    • SOA (Servisno orijentisana arhitektura)

    • Design Thinking

    • UI (User Interface) Design

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Scrum
    A. OUP (Open Unified Process)
    A. Design Thinking
    Explanation
    The given correct answer includes Scrum, OUP (Open Unified Process), and Design Thinking. These are all methodologies or frameworks used in software development. Scrum is an agile framework that focuses on iterative and incremental development. OUP is a software development process that combines the best practices from various methodologies. Design Thinking is a problem-solving approach that emphasizes empathy, experimentation, and collaboration. These methodologies and frameworks provide structured approaches for software development, ensuring efficient and effective development processes.

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  • 45. 

    Osnovne uloge (role) prema SCRUM okviru su:

    • Rukovodilac projekta

    • Program menadžer

    • Vlasnik proizvoda (Product Owner)

    • Scrum master

    • Razvojni tim

    • Tim za uvođenje rešenja u realno okruženje

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Vlasnik proizvoda (Product Owner)
    A. Scrum master
    A. Razvojni tim
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Vlasnik proizvoda (Product Owner), Scrum master, and Razvojni tim. In the SCRUM framework, the Product Owner is responsible for defining and prioritizing the product backlog, ensuring that the team is working on the most valuable features. The Scrum master is responsible for facilitating the Scrum process and removing any obstacles that may hinder the team's progress. The Razvojni tim (Development team) is responsible for delivering the product increment at the end of each sprint. These roles work together to ensure the successful implementation of the project.

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  • 46. 

    Koji obrazac omogućava da korisnik dodaje nove funkcionalnosti postojećem objektu bez menjanja njegove strukture, odnosno da deluje kao omotač na originalnu klasu i omogući dodavanje dodatnih funkcionalnosti?

    • Command

    • Strategy

    • Builder

    • Decorator

    • Bridge

    • Composite

    Correct Answer
    A. Decorator
    Explanation
    The Decorator pattern allows the user to add new functionalities to an existing object without changing its structure. It acts as a wrapper around the original class and enables the addition of additional functionalities.

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  • 47. 

    Koje su tri ključne discipline MSF okvira?

    • Upravljanje procesima

    • Upravljanje timovima

    • Upravljanje sprintovima

    • Upravljanje projektima

    • Upravljanje rizicima

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Upravljanje procesima
    A. Upravljanje timovima
    A. Upravljanje rizicima
    Explanation
    The three key disciplines of the MSF framework are process management, team management, and risk management. These disciplines are essential for successful project management and ensuring that processes are efficient, teams are effectively managed, and risks are identified and mitigated. By focusing on these disciplines, organizations can improve their project outcomes and increase their overall success rate.

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  • 48. 

    Šta je cilj sastanka planiranja sprinta (Sprint Planning Meeting) prema Scrum-u:

    • Identifikovanje korisničkih priča

    • Kreiranje product backlog-a

    • Sortiranje korisničkih priča prema prioritetu izvršavanja u product backlog-u

    • Kreiranje sprint backlog-a i procena vremena trajanja sprinta

    • Razmena ideja, dinamike rada i mogućih problema tokom sprinta DNEVNI SASTANAK

    • Prezentovanje urađenog tokom jednog sprinta

    • Retrospektiva urađenog i identifikovanje mogućih poboljšanja funkcionalnosti

    Correct Answer
    A. Kreiranje sprint backlog-a i procena vremena trajanja sprinta
    Explanation
    The goal of the Sprint Planning Meeting in Scrum is to create a sprint backlog and estimate the duration of the sprint. This involves selecting user stories from the product backlog, prioritizing them, and determining how many can be completed within the sprint timeframe. The team also discusses and plans for any potential issues or challenges that may arise during the sprint. The meeting is focused on setting the direction for the upcoming sprint and ensuring that the team has a clear understanding of the work to be done.

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  • 49. 

    Šta je Design Sprint?

    • Agilna metodologija razvoja softvera sa fokusom na brzi razvoj glavnih funkcionalnosti rešenja, kroz interativno-inkrementalni proces razvoja.

    • Okvir (framework) koji je centriran oko arhitekture softvera i vođen use case-ovima (slučajevima korišćenja).

    • Metodologija koja pomaže razvojnom timu da odgovori na kritična poslovna pitanja kroz brzi razvoj prototipa i testiranja od strane korisnika

    Correct Answer
    A. Metodologija koja pomaže razvojnom timu da odgovori na kritična poslovna pitanja kroz brzi razvoj prototipa i testiranja od strane korisnika
    Explanation
    Design Sprint je metodologija koja pomaže razvojnom timu da odgovori na kritična poslovna pitanja kroz brzi razvoj prototipa i testiranja od strane korisnika. Ova metoda omogućava timu da brzo iterira kroz različite ideje i koncepte, kako bi identifikovali najbolje rešenje za dati problem. Kroz design sprint, tim može efikasno testirati prototipe sa stvarnim korisnicima i prikupiti njihove povratne informacije, što omogućava donošenje informisanih odluka i poboljšanje finalnog proizvoda.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

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  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 30, 2020
    Quiz Created by
    Srdjan
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