Preparation for ABAP exam
SORT
APPEND
MODIFY
COLLECT
READ
SKIP
WRITE
PERFORM
CLEAR
ULINE
You can select from several database tables using a database view or a join.
A secondary index for non-key fields generally works like a primary index for key fields.
A key field in a database table uniquely identifies a data record.
The client field is a selective field and should therefore always be specified in the WHERE condition for SELECT.
The OPEN SQL statements are converted into database-specific statements by the database interface.
Using the SET/GET parameters.
By passing parameters using additions in the SUBMIT statement.
Using the ABAP memory.
By declaring the data objects with the same name in both programs, using the DATA statement.
With SELECT SINGLE access, the result is one data record maximum.
The SELECT statement supports the return code (SY-SUBRC).
With SELECT...ENDSELECT access. the result is one data record maximum.
The SELECT statement always reads the data into the SAP memory first.
With SELECT...INTO TABLE access, the result is one data record maximum.
If you change the value of a field symbol, the value of the data object to which the field symbol is assigned also changed.
A field symbol always reference a data element.
You can no longer create data objects at runtime(dynamically) since the ABAP runtime system combines all the declarative statements in on processing block and executes these first.
A field symbols only references a data object after the latter has been assigned to the field symbols using the ASSIGN statement.
You can change the type of the assigned data object using the CASTING-TYPE addition for the ASSIGN statement.
Key access to an internal table of the type STANDARD generally has even less runtime consumption than index access.
Index access to an internal table of type SORTED will, in certain cases, violate the sort sequence.
Access to nested internal tables using field symbols usually increase performance.
Index access to an internal table of the type HASHED has less runtime consumption.
You can perform a binary search on internal tables of the type SORTED using the addition BINARY SEARCH only.
FORM U CHANGING VALUE(P).
FORM U CHANGING P.
FROM U USING p.
FORM U USING VALUE(P).
A MESSAGE E...statement
An AUTHORITY-CHECK statement that return code SY-SUBRC NE 0.
A MESSAGE I...statement.
A structured work area (line).
A field
An internal table
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT
START-OF-SELECTION.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
INITIALIZATION.
AT LINE-SELECTION.
Implementation of methods of an interface in the respective classes (for polymorphism through interfaces).
Narrowing Cast
Redifinition of methods (for polymorphism through inheritance)
Widening Cast
Dispatcher
SAPGUI.
Front-end processor.
Message Handler.
Screen processor.
Syntax check of "native" SQL commands.
Conversion of Open SQL statement from ABAP statements into the corresponding database statements.
Data consistency check with respect to foreign key relationships.
Database independence of application programs.
Usage of the SAP buffers.
SAP GUI for Windows
SAP GUI for HTML
SAP GUI for Web AS
SAP GUI for ITS
SAP GUI for Java
For input fields on screens if the input fields have been copied from the Dication into the Screen Painter.
For input fields on ABAP lists.
For input fields on selection screens.
No, Key changes are not allowed.
Yes, irrespective of whether the table already contains data or not.
Yes, However, the table must not contain any data yet.
After adding an APPEND structure to a table, you must convert the table.
You can use an APPEND structure like any other structure in ABAP programs.
An APPEND structure allow you to append field to an SAP table without having to modify the table itself.
An APPEND structure is the same as substructure.
A database view supplies the results quantity of an outer join logic.
Using a database view, you can read data from several tables.
Using a database view, you can insert data into several tables.
A database view is a special view of transparent tables.
A database view can have one or several base tables.
A search help function that is linked to the table field can return values only for the search field (field where the f4 help was triggered).
A search help function that is linked to the data element can return values only for the search field (field where the f4 help was triggered).
If the search help function is linked to the data element as well as to the field. The search help for the field is displayed.
If the search help function is linked to a table A. this search help is displayed whenever there are input field from A on the screen.
If the search help function is linked to a table A. this search help displayed whenever there are input fields on that screen that have A as the check table.
Parameters can be displayed on the result list.
Parameters must be fields from the selection method only.
Import parameters control which data can be included in the data selection.
Export parameters control which data can be returned to the input template.
A parameter is either an import or an export parameter
The primary index consists of the key fields of the database table.
An Index can be assigned to several database tables.
A database table can have more than one index.
Using an index speeds up data selection from a table.
For the purpose of data consistency: when you active the table the FKs are created in the database. You thus prevent invalid data from getting into the table.
For the propose data consistency: when you maintain data records using dialog transaction (screens).
The input values are automatically check in accordance with the FKs.
FKs are used solely for documenting table relationships.
Cluster table.
Pooled table.
Structure.
Transparent database table.
Typing with LIKE to ABAP Dictionary types.
The definition of internal tables with header lines.
The TABLES statement.
The definition of internal tables without header lines.
Typing with TYPE to ABAP Dictionary types.
Interfaces actually stand for an interface (protocol) between a client (interface user) and a server (implementing class).
Interfaces are used to call static components of a class.
Using interface references you can reference all the public components of an object that have been defined in the corresponding interface-implementing class.
A client (caller) can use interface reference to access all methods of the interfaces and thus archive polymorphism behavior.
Using interfaces you can simulate multiple inheritance.
All objects of the same class contain the same number of attributes and methods after being created
You can preset different objects of a class with different values immediately when they are being created.
The contents of the attributes of different objects in a class always contain the same content or value immediately after being created.
You define the type and number of attributes of an object through the corresponding class.
CREATE OBJECT ref_cl.
CREATE OBJECT ref_if TYPE cl_document.
CREATE OBJECT ref_if.
DATA class_name TYPE string. class_name = "CL_DOCUMENT". CREATE OBJECT ref_if TYPE (class_name).
In a static method, instance attributes can also be used, provided they are declared as READ ONLY.
Instance methods can use both static as well as instance components in their implementation part.
Both static as well as instance attributes are declared using the DATA statement
Static methods can be called through the class: =>.
Static attributes exist only once for each class.
Functional methods cannot have any EXPORTING or CHANGING parameters.
Functional methods have exactly one RETURNING parameter.
You can functional methods directly in a WRITE statement.
You can use functional methods directly in an arithmetic expression.
Can only be implemented in module pools.
Can only display single-line lists.
Cannot print data.
Provides standard functions such as sorting.
Can only display structures from the Dictionary.
A friend of a class access to the public attributes of the class allowing the friendship.
A subclass of a friend class has automatic access to the private attributes of the class allowing the friendship.
A friend of a class has access to the private attributes of the class allowing the friendship.
The allowing of a friendship is not inherited.
You can call methods in ABAP objects in the same way as function modules.
You can call methods only within ABAP Objects classes.
Like form routines or function modules, methods are a means to modularize software.
Similar to the case with function modules, you have the option with methods of marking parameters as "optional".
The singleton class must have a class method implemented in which the CREATE OBJECT call is programmed for this one object.
The singleton class must have the addition CREATE PRIVATE in the definition part.
In the singleton class, there must be an even defined that is triggered when the first and only object is created and also prevents further objects of this class from being created.
The singleton class must have an instance method implemented in which the CREATE OBJECT call is programmed for this one object.
The CREATE OBJECT call for this one object can take place in the class constructor of the singleton class.
You use the reference ME within a class solely to reference the private methods of the class itself.
You use the reference ME within a class to call attributes and methods of the class itself.
You use the reference ME within a class solely to reference the private attributes of the class itself.
The constructor must not have any importing parameters.
There is no limitation.
The constructor must be defined in the protected section.
Through inheritance, the public attributes of the super class are inherited to the subclass.
Through inheritance, the private attributes of the super class are inherited to the subclass and they can be addressed in the subclass directly using "ME->".
Through inheritance, the protected attributes of the super class are inherited to the subclass.
Through inheritance, the private attributes of the super class are inherited to the subclass and they can be addressed in the subclass directly using "THIS->".
Typing is imperative for interface parameters of a method belonging to an ABAP objects class.
To simplify writing the software and design it clearly, you can do without typing altogether within the ABAP object classes.
If you have numeric interface parameter in an ABAP Objects class. You can do without typing.
An instance attribute that is automatically given a unique identification by the system when an object is created.
An instance method for initializing the attributes of an object; it is automatically called by the system during CREATE OBJECT.
An instance method for controlling how much main memory is to be reserved for an object.
If you are using asynchronous update, the database changes are executed directly from the program
If you are using asynchronous update, the statement COMMIT WORK is not required because it is executed implicitly after each screen change.
In the PAI of each screen, you must use the statement COMMIT WORK.
If an inline change has resulted in an error, the statement ROLLBACK WORK must be listed in the last screen in order to rollback the entire SAP LUW.
All inline change must be done in the PAI of the last screen in order to ensure the rollback ability of the SAP LUW.
Output a termination message.(ABORT, X)
Analyze the log record.
Output an error message.
Perform a ROLLBACK WORK.
Raise an exception.
Call the ABAP command COMMIT WORK.
Unlock the data record that is to be updated
Lock the data record that to be update.
Read the data record that is to be update.
Pass the changes entered by the user to the update process.
At the end of the dialog step.
At the start of the V1 update.
At the time of the call
At the start of function execution.
At COMMIT WORK.
A logical database.
A table buffer refresh on the application server.
A call for ENQUEUE/DEQUEUE function modules.
An AUTHORITY-CHECK statement.
A call for an update function module in the case of time-consuming changes.
To log the database changes.
To achieve delayed implementation of database changes.
To collect database change requests from several dialog step in order to process them or delete them together.
To create reusable modules for database changes.
To relieve the load on the dialog work processes.
The update process triggered by the called transaction can be executed asynchronously or synchronously, as required.
- The called transaction is processed in a separated database LUW.
Processing of the calling program will be continued at the end of the transaction.
Another internal session is opened for the transaction.
Menu exits.
Screen exits.
Append Structures.
Function module exits.
User exits.
... have transaction run in the background.
... change the flow logic of a screen.
... reduce the complexity of transactions.
... suppress individual fields.
... suppress entire(a) screens.
There can be several append structures for one table.
If you copy a table to which an append structure has been added, the fields in the append structure become standard fields in the table.
When you active the table, all the active append structure of the table are established and appended to the table in the database.
An append structure can be assigned to several tables.
BTEs are called on a cross-client basis.
BTEs allow you to call additional components in other systems.
BTEs allow you to link up additional components to the SAP standard system.
BTEs interface can be used repeatedly
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