Patho - Cardiology - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. Hypertension can be

Essential-of no known cause

Secondary- from underlying disease process

Pregnancy induced

All of the above

2. The cardiac pacemaker can be found at

The purkinje fibers

Joining of SVC and L atrium

SA node

Av Bundle

3. Angina pectoris is treated with nitroglycerin.

True

False

4. Electrical stimulation passing through the ventricles of the heart and ventricular contractions/ depolarization is best seen in the

P wave

QRS complex

U wave

5. Valvular insufficiency

Impedes blood flow into next chamber because of hardening of valve cusps

Caused by failure of valves to close completely and leads to blood being forced back

Localized blood filled dilation of a blood vessel

6. Ca++ delays repolarization and also initiates contraction

True

False

7. An EKG/ECG has

Three limb leads

Three augmented leads AVR, AVL, AVF

And six chest leads V1-6

All of the above

8. A patient presents to the ER with acute chest pain radiating to the left arm, the back and the lower jaw, with diaphoresis, dyspnea and anxiousness, before you do anything else you should

Counsel them on risk factors for developing CAD

Give them oxygen then, Aspiring, nitroglycerin and morphine

Perform and angioplasy and provide thrombolytics

Activate EMS

9. Patient presents with gradually increasing dyspnea, edema in ackles and hepatospleenomegaly, this is consistent with the diagnosis of

Aneurysm

Valvular insufficiency

CAD

Congestive heart failure

10. Which is true about circulation?

Some blood that enters the heart is pumped back out without going through systemic circulation

All blood from systemic circulation must go through pulmonary circulation before returning to systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation transports blood to and from the capillaries throughout the body

Arteries are afferent vessels that carry blood to the heart

Arteries are efferent and carry blood away from the heart, and veins are afferent and carry blood to the heart.

Explanation

Arteries are efferent and carry blood away from the heart, and veins are afferent and carry blood to the heart.

11. The right ventricle discharges blood to the systemic circulation.

True

False

The left ventricle discharges blood to the system, right ventricle discharges to the pulmonary.

Explanation

The left ventricle discharges blood to the system, right ventricle discharges to the pulmonary.

12. An EKG/ECG

Monitors specific nodal conducting and contractile components

Records the intensity and actual time of each part of the cardiac cycle

Made from 12 leads

All of the above

13. Cardiac arrhythmia cannot be caused by

Damage to myocardium / pacemakers or conduction pathways

Exposure to drugs

Variations in electrolyte concentrations

None of the above

14. Decreased responsiveness to HTN medication in African Americans can be compensated for by prescribing a diuretic.

True

False

15. Electrical stimulation passing through the atria of the heart and the contracting of the atria is best viewed in the

QRS complex

U wave

T wave

P wave

16. Damage to the chordae tendineae would affect

Electrical conduction in the heart

Stability of the heart valves

Sterility of the pericardial space

Transfer of blood from pulmonary trunk directly to the aorta

17. The ventricles contract together beginning at the apex and spreading toward the base

True

False

18. The stroke volume is

The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

Can be determined by EKG/ECG

Increases with the heart rate

19. All nodal cells depolarize spontaneously and at the same rate

True

False

do not depolarize at the same rate

Explanation

do not depolarize at the same rate

20. An aneurysm is

Common in the aorta or the arteries of the circle of willis

May burst at any time causing stroke or shock

Caused by the dilation of a blood vessel

All of the above

21. Which of the following would not increase heart rate

Hormones EPI, NE

Decreased blood volume

Parasympathetic stimulation

Low blood pressure

Increased venous return

22. The myocardium is nourished by the blood in the heart chambers

True

False

23. Ventricular relaxing (re-polarization ) is best viewed in

T wave

QRS complex

U wave

ST segment

24. Pt presents with elevated BP without acute target organ damage they should be

Given oral antihypertensive therapy

Hospitalized

Diagnosed with hypertensive emergency

All of the above

25. Which of the following is not a function of the papillary muscles?

Tense the chordae tendineae

Limit the movement of the cusps

Prevent backflow of blood

Contain major arteries and veins that supply blood to the cardiac muscle

26. Which of the following is/are semilunar valve(s)

Bicuspid (Mitral)

Pulmonary

Tricuspid

A & C

27. The Bundle of HIS is

Only found in males

At the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus

Extends along IV septum then becomes bundle branches

Convey impulses to contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium

28. Starling's law refers to

Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

More the cardiac muscles is stretched the stronger the contraction

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction

None of the above

29. Pt presents with elevated blood pressure and acute target organ damage they should be

Hospitalized

Diagnosed with an hypertensive urgency

Given parenteral drug therapy

A & C

30. The thin walls of capillaries allow for exchange between blood and surrounding tissues; which of the following is not transported across capillaries.

Nutrients

Dissolved gasses

Wastes

None of the above

31. An ectopic pacemaker

Overrides the SA and AV nodes

Disrupts the timing of ventricular contractions

Can diagnosed by EKG /ECG

All of the above

32. The smooth muscle layer of the blood vessel refers to the

Inner Tunica intima

Middle tunica media

Outer tunica externa

33. Which of the following is a precordial (chest) lead

Lead I

V-6

AVF

AVR

34. Which of the following describes Left sided heart failure

Blood backs up into systemic circulation

Edema in the legs and digestive system

Pulmonary congestion /edema/ SOB

All of the above

35. Patient presents with elevated blood pressure and papilledema this is diagnosed as a

Aortic aneurysm

Hypertensive emergency

CHF

Benign hypertension

36. Arteries and Veins can be differentiated based on the fact that

The walls of veins are thicker

The lumens of veins are larger

Veins have valves

All of the above

37. Atherosclerosis occurs in arterioles and arteriosclerosis occurs in the arteries and features plaque buildup

True

False

its reversed

Explanation

its reversed

38. Conducting cells

Distribute contractile stimulus to the myocardium

Are found in the SA and Av node

Are found in the Av Bundle and purkinje fibers

A & C

39. Myocardial infarctions result from

Ischemia of the epicardium

Plaque formation of arterial walls triggering the clotting cascade

Increased blood supply to the myocardium

Deep vein thrombosis

40. The semilunar valves are

Stabilized by chordae tendinae

Prevent back flow of blood into ventricles

Stabilized by papillary muscles

A & C

All of the above

41. Which of the following is not a branch of the right coronary artery

Marginal

Posterior interventricular descending

Circumflex

None of the above

42. Nodal cells are

Responsible for establishing the rate of contraction

Found in the av bundle and bundle branches

Found in the purkinje fibers

B & C

43. Which of the following findings would be abnormal

QRS and T wave pointing in the same direction

Flat ST segment

PR interval less than .2 seconds

QRS compless greater than 3 small squares of .12 seconds

44. If a patient has a heartbeat of 40-60 bpm which of the following would not be true

The SA node is not stimulating the AV node

The Av node is depolarizing spontaneously

The SA node is setting the pace

The patient has a slower than normal heart rate ( Bradycardia)

45. An unclosed foramen ovale results in

Allows left atrium to push blood back into pulmonary circuit

Leads to an enlarged heart , heart failure and death

All of the above

None of the above

46. The most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the US is

Congestive heart failure

Hypertensive heart disease

Coronary artery disease

Berry aneurysm

CHF and CAD are grouped under Hypertensive Heart disease.

Explanation

CHF and CAD are grouped under Hypertensive Heart disease.

47. Pt EKG results show a rapid heart rate with the baseline moving diagonally down to the corner of the page a QRS complex greater than 3 SMALL boxes and a PR interval greater than .20, based on this you should

Diagnose the patient with tachycardia

Redo the test

Start treating the patient for and acute arrhythmia

A & C

because the baseline was not horizontal the EKG is not accurate.

Explanation

because the baseline was not horizontal the EKG is not accurate.

48. The border between the atria and ventricles is marked by

Auricles

Coronary sulci

Purkinje fibers

None of the above

49. The Foramen Ovale

An opening between the interventricular septum until birth

Prevents blood flow between the atria

Closes withing 48 hours of birth

All of the above

50. Which of the following covers the outer surface of the heart?

Visceral pericardium

Parietal pericardium

Epicardium

A & C

51. The heart beat is influenced by

Noncontractile cells that form the bulk of the heart's tissue

Contractile sells that control and coordinate the activities of non contractile cells

Contractile cells and noncontractile cells

All of the above

52. P-R intervals should be

.12-.20 seconds

Measured from the end of the p wave to the start of the R wave

Less than one large square

A & C

All of the above

start of p wave to the start of R wave

Explanation

start of p wave to the start of R wave

53. A 40 y/o African American female of average build with no h/o hypercholesterolemia or hypertension reports to your office for advice on how to quit smoking because it inhibits her job as a secretary. You make the patient aware that the following factors put them at risk for CAD

Heredity

Diet

Smokng

A & C

All of the above

54. The heartbeat features

Rapid depolarization: opening of Na + channels and influx of NA +

Repolarization- cells pump out Na+ and Ca++ channels open to balance sodium loss

Plateau the ca++ channels close and K+ channels open as K+ leaves muscle cells

All of the above

55. Which of the following is true about the heart?

Desmosomes provide for the movement of ions and action potentials

Gap junctions help to convey the forces of contraction

The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale

All of the above

56. Which of the following is not a cause of hypertension?

Sleep apnea

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Coarctation of the aorta

Renovascular disease

Hypertrophy is the result of HTN.

Explanation

Hypertrophy is the result of HTN.

57. Which of the following is true about the heart wall?

Twisting configuration of the epicardium aids in contraction efficiency

The myocardium is composed of a serous membrane layer

The endocardium covers calves and is contiuous with the endothelium of attached blood vessels

A & C

58. The aortic sinus

Is located next to each cusp of the aortic atrioventriclar valves

Are sac like expansions of the pulmonary trunk

Prevent the cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta

A & C

Patho - Cardiology

1. Hypertension can be

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. The cardiac pacemaker can be found at

3. Angina pectoris is treated with nitroglycerin.

4. Electrical stimulation passing through the ventricles of the heart and ventricular contractions/ depolarization is best seen in the

5. Valvular insufficiency

6. Ca++ delays repolarization and also initiates contraction

7. An EKG/ECG has

8. A patient presents to the ER with acute chest pain radiating to the left arm, the back and the lower jaw, with diaphoresis, dyspnea and anxiousness, before you do anything else you should

9. Patient presents with gradually increasing dyspnea, edema in ackles and hepatospleenomegaly, this is consistent with the diagnosis of

10. Which is true about circulation?

11. The right ventricle discharges blood to the systemic circulation.

12. An EKG/ECG

13. Cardiac arrhythmia cannot be caused by

14. Decreased responsiveness to HTN medication in African Americans can be compensated for by prescribing a diuretic.

15. Electrical stimulation passing through the atria of the heart and the contracting of the atria is best viewed in the

16. Damage to the chordae tendineae would affect

17. The ventricles contract together beginning at the apex and spreading toward the base

18. The stroke volume is

19. All nodal cells depolarize spontaneously and at the same rate

20. An aneurysm is

21. Which of the following would not increase heart rate

22. The myocardium is nourished by the blood in the heart chambers

23. Ventricular relaxing (re-polarization ) is best viewed in

24. Pt presents with elevated BP without acute target organ damage they should be

25. Which of the following is not a function of the papillary muscles?

26. Which of the following is/are semilunar valve(s)

27. The Bundle of HIS is

28. Starling's law refers to

29. Pt presents with elevated blood pressure and acute target organ damage they should be

30. The thin walls of capillaries allow for exchange between blood and surrounding tissues; which of the following is not transported across capillaries.

31. An ectopic pacemaker

32. The smooth muscle layer of the blood vessel refers to the

33. Which of the following is a precordial (chest) lead

34. Which of the following describes Left sided heart failure

35. Patient presents with elevated blood pressure and papilledema this is diagnosed as a

36. Arteries and Veins can be differentiated based on the fact that

37. Atherosclerosis occurs in arterioles and arteriosclerosis occurs in the arteries and features plaque buildup

38. Conducting cells

39. Myocardial infarctions result from

40. The semilunar valves are

41. Which of the following is not a branch of the right coronary artery

42. Nodal cells are

43. Which of the following findings would be abnormal

44. If a patient has a heartbeat of 40-60 bpm which of the following would not be true

45. An unclosed foramen ovale results in

46. The most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the US is

47. Pt EKG results show a rapid heart rate with the baseline moving diagonally down to the corner of the page a QRS complex greater than 3 SMALL boxes and a PR interval greater than .20, based on this you should

48. The border between the atria and ventricles is marked by

49. The Foramen Ovale

50. Which of the following covers the outer surface of the heart?

51. The heart beat is influenced by

52. P-R intervals should be

53. A 40 y/o African American female of average build with no h/o hypercholesterolemia or hypertension reports to your office for advice on how to quit smoking because it inhibits her job as a secretary. You make the patient aware that the following factors put them at risk for CAD

54. The heartbeat features

55. Which of the following is true about the heart?

56. Which of the following is not a cause of hypertension?

57. Which of the following is true about the heart wall?

58. The aortic sinus