Patho - Cardiology
- 1.
Which is true about circulation?
- A.
Some blood that enters the heart is pumped back out without going through systemic circulation
- B.
All blood from systemic circulation must go through pulmonary circulation before returning to systemic circulation
- C.
Pulmonary circulation transports blood to and from the capillaries throughout the body
- D.
Arteries are afferent vessels that carry blood to the heart
Correct Answer
B. All blood from systemic circulation must go through pulmonary circulation before returning to systemic circulationExplanation
Arteries are efferent and carry blood away from the heart, and veins are afferent and carry blood to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The thin walls of capillaries allow for exchange between blood and surrounding tissues; which of the following is not transported across capillaries.
- A.
Nutrients
- B.
Dissolved gasses
- C.
Wastes
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the above -
- 3.
The right ventricle discharges blood to the systemic circulation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The left ventricle discharges blood to the system, right ventricle discharges to the pulmonary.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following covers the outer surface of the heart?
- A.
Visceral pericardium
- B.
Parietal pericardium
- C.
Epicardium
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
D. A & C -
- 5.
The border between the atria and ventricles is marked by
- A.
Auricles
- B.
Coronary sulci
- C.
Purkinje fibers
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Coronary sulci -
- 6.
Which of the following is not a function of the papillary muscles?
- A.
Tense the chordae tendineae
- B.
Limit the movement of the cusps
- C.
Prevent backflow of blood
- D.
Contain major arteries and veins that supply blood to the cardiac muscle
Correct Answer
D. Contain major arteries and veins that supply blood to the cardiac muscle -
- 7.
Which of the following is true about the heart?
- A.
Desmosomes provide for the movement of ions and action potentials
- B.
Gap junctions help to convey the forces of contraction
- C.
The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale -
- 8.
The Foramen Ovale
- A.
An opening between the interventricular septum until birth
- B.
Prevents blood flow between the atria
- C.
Closes withing 48 hours of birth
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Closes withing 48 hours of birth -
- 9.
An unclosed foramen ovale results in
- A.
Allows left atrium to push blood back into pulmonary circuit
- B.
Leads to an enlarged heart , heart failure and death
- C.
All of the above
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. All of the above -
- 10.
Which of the following is true about the heart wall?
- A.
Twisting configuration of the epicardium aids in contraction efficiency
- B.
The myocardium is composed of a serous membrane layer
- C.
The endocardium covers calves and is contiuous with the endothelium of attached blood vessels
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
C. The endocardium covers calves and is contiuous with the endothelium of attached blood vessels -
- 11.
Which of the following is/are semilunar valve(s)
- A.
Bicuspid (Mitral)
- B.
Pulmonary
- C.
Tricuspid
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
B. Pulmonary -
- 12.
Damage to the chordae tendineae would affect
- A.
Electrical conduction in the heart
- B.
Stability of the heart valves
- C.
Sterility of the pericardial space
- D.
Transfer of blood from pulmonary trunk directly to the aorta
Correct Answer
B. Stability of the heart valves -
- 13.
The semilunar valves are
- A.
Stabilized by chordae tendinae
- B.
Prevent back flow of blood into ventricles
- C.
Stabilized by papillary muscles
- D.
A & C
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Prevent back flow of blood into ventricles -
- 14.
The myocardium is nourished by the blood in the heart chambers
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 15.
Which of the following is not a branch of the right coronary artery
- A.
Marginal
- B.
Posterior interventricular descending
- C.
Circumflex
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Circumflex -
- 16.
The heart beat is influenced by
- A.
Noncontractile cells that form the bulk of the heart's tissue
- B.
Contractile sells that control and coordinate the activities of non contractile cells
- C.
Contractile cells and noncontractile cells
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Contractile cells and noncontractile cells -
- 17.
The heartbeat features
- A.
Rapid depolarization: opening of Na + channels and influx of NA +
- B.
Repolarization- cells pump out Na+ and Ca++ channels open to balance sodium loss
- C.
Plateau the ca++ channels close and K+ channels open as K+ leaves muscle cells
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Rapid depolarization: opening of Na + channels and influx of NA + -
- 18.
Ca++ delays repolarization and also initiates contraction
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 19.
Nodal cells are
- A.
Responsible for establishing the rate of contraction
- B.
Found in the av bundle and bundle branches
- C.
Found in the purkinje fibers
- D.
B & C
Correct Answer
A. Responsible for establishing the rate of contraction -
- 20.
Conducting cells
- A.
Distribute contractile stimulus to the myocardium
- B.
Are found in the SA and Av node
- C.
Are found in the Av Bundle and purkinje fibers
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
D. A & C -
- 21.
All nodal cells depolarize spontaneously and at the same rate
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
do not depolarize at the same rateRate this question:
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- 22.
The cardiac pacemaker can be found at
- A.
The purkinje fibers
- B.
Joining of SVC and L atrium
- C.
SA node
- D.
Av Bundle
Correct Answer
C. SA node -
- 23.
The ventricles contract together beginning at the apex and spreading toward the base
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 24.
If a patient has a heartbeat of 40-60 bpm which of the following would not be true
- A.
The SA node is not stimulating the AV node
- B.
The Av node is depolarizing spontaneously
- C.
The SA node is setting the pace
- D.
The patient has a slower than normal heart rate ( Bradycardia)
Correct Answer
C. The SA node is setting the pace -
- 25.
The Bundle of HIS is
- A.
Only found in males
- B.
At the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus
- C.
Extends along IV septum then becomes bundle branches
- D.
Convey impulses to contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium
Correct Answer
C. Extends along IV septum then becomes bundle branches -
- 26.
An ectopic pacemaker
- A.
Overrides the SA and AV nodes
- B.
Disrupts the timing of ventricular contractions
- C.
Can diagnosed by EKG /ECG
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 27.
The stroke volume is
- A.
The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
- B.
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
- C.
Can be determined by EKG/ECG
- D.
Increases with the heart rate
Correct Answer
B. The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction -
- 28.
An EKG/ECG
- A.
Monitors specific nodal conducting and contractile components
- B.
Records the intensity and actual time of each part of the cardiac cycle
- C.
Made from 12 leads
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 29.
Which of the following is a precordial (chest) lead
- A.
Lead I
- B.
V-6
- C.
AVF
- D.
AVR
Correct Answer
B. V-6 -
- 30.
An EKG/ECG has
- A.
Three limb leads
- B.
Three augmented leads AVR, AVL, AVF
- C.
And six chest leads V1-6
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 31.
Electrical stimulation passing through the atria of the heart and the contracting of the atria is best viewed in the
- A.
QRS complex
- B.
U wave
- C.
T wave
- D.
P wave
Correct Answer
D. P wave -
- 32.
P-R intervals should be
- A.
.12-.20 seconds
- B.
Measured from the end of the p wave to the start of the R wave
- C.
Less than one large square
- D.
A & C
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. A & CExplanation
start of p wave to the start of R waveRate this question:
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- 33.
Electrical stimulation passing through the ventricles of the heart and ventricular contractions/ depolarization is best seen in the
- A.
P wave
- B.
QRS complex
- C.
U wave
Correct Answer
B. QRS complex -
- 34.
Ventricular relaxing (re-polarization ) is best viewed in
- A.
T wave
- B.
QRS complex
- C.
U wave
- D.
ST segment
Correct Answer
A. T wave -
- 35.
Which of the following findings would be abnormal
- A.
QRS and T wave pointing in the same direction
- B.
Flat ST segment
- C.
PR interval less than .2 seconds
- D.
QRS compless greater than 3 small squares of .12 seconds
Correct Answer
D. QRS compless greater than 3 small squares of .12 seconds -
- 36.
Cardiac arrhythmia cannot be caused by
- A.
Damage to myocardium / pacemakers or conduction pathways
- B.
Exposure to drugs
- C.
Variations in electrolyte concentrations
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the above -
- 37.
Pt EKG results show a rapid heart rate with the baseline moving diagonally down to the corner of the page a QRS complex greater than 3 SMALL boxes and a PR interval greater than .20, based on this you should
- A.
Diagnose the patient with tachycardia
- B.
Redo the test
- C.
Start treating the patient for and acute arrhythmia
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
B. Redo the testExplanation
because the baseline was not horizontal the EKG is not accurate.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following would not increase heart rate
- A.
Hormones EPI, NE
- B.
Decreased blood volume
- C.
Parasympathetic stimulation
- D.
Low blood pressure
- E.
Increased venous return
Correct Answer
C. Parasympathetic stimulation -
- 39.
Starling's law refers to
- A.
Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
- B.
More the cardiac muscles is stretched the stronger the contraction
- C.
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. More the cardiac muscles is stretched the stronger the contraction -
- 40.
The aortic sinus
- A.
Is located next to each cusp of the aortic atrioventriclar valves
- B.
Are sac like expansions of the pulmonary trunk
- C.
Prevent the cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta
- D.
A & C
Correct Answer
C. Prevent the cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta -
- 41.
The smooth muscle layer of the blood vessel refers to the
- A.
Inner Tunica intima
- B.
Middle tunica media
- C.
Outer tunica externa
Correct Answer
B. Middle tunica media -
- 42.
Arteries and Veins can be differentiated based on the fact that
- A.
The walls of veins are thicker
- B.
The lumens of veins are larger
- C.
Veins have valves
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Veins have valves -
- 43.
Atherosclerosis occurs in arterioles and arteriosclerosis occurs in the arteries and features plaque buildup
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
its reversedRate this question:
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- 44.
A 40 y/o African American female of average build with no h/o hypercholesterolemia or hypertension reports to your office for advice on how to quit smoking because it inhibits her job as a secretary. You make the patient aware that the following factors put them at risk for CAD
- A.
Heredity
- B.
Diet
- C.
Smokng
- D.
A & C
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. A & C -
- 45.
Myocardial infarctions result from
- A.
Ischemia of the epicardium
- B.
Plaque formation of arterial walls triggering the clotting cascade
- C.
Increased blood supply to the myocardium
- D.
Deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer
B. Plaque formation of arterial walls triggering the clotting cascade -
- 46.
A patient presents to the ER with acute chest pain radiating to the left arm, the back and the lower jaw, with diaphoresis, dyspnea and anxiousness, before you do anything else you should
- A.
Counsel them on risk factors for developing CAD
- B.
Give them oxygen then, Aspiring, nitroglycerin and morphine
- C.
Perform and angioplasy and provide thrombolytics
- D.
Activate EMS
Correct Answer
B. Give them oxygen then, Aspiring, nitroglycerin and morphine -
- 47.
Valvular insufficiency
- A.
Impedes blood flow into next chamber because of hardening of valve cusps
- B.
Caused by failure of valves to close completely and leads to blood being forced back
- C.
Localized blood filled dilation of a blood vessel
Correct Answer
B. Caused by failure of valves to close completely and leads to blood being forced back -
- 48.
An aneurysm is
- A.
Common in the aorta or the arteries of the circle of willis
- B.
May burst at any time causing stroke or shock
- C.
Caused by the dilation of a blood vessel
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 49.
Which of the following describes Left sided heart failure
- A.
Blood backs up into systemic circulation
- B.
Edema in the legs and digestive system
- C.
Pulmonary congestion /edema/ SOB
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Pulmonary congestion /edema/ SOB -
- 50.
Patient presents with gradually increasing dyspnea, edema in ackles and hepatospleenomegaly, this is consistent with the diagnosis of
- A.
Aneurysm
- B.
Valvular insufficiency
- C.
CAD
- D.
Congestive heart failure
Correct Answer
D. Congestive heart failure -
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Mar 21, 2022Quiz Edited by
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