Synovial Joints And Special Movements Quiz

Explanation
Condylar joints have an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a complementary-shaped depression on the other. This allows for various movements such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.

Explanation
Flexion is the correct answer because it refers to the movement that decreases a joint angle in a sagittal plane. In flexion, the angle between two body parts decreases, such as when bending the elbow or bringing the knee towards the chest. This movement is commonly seen in activities like sitting, bending forward, or curling up the body. Abduction, extension, and depression are not correct answers as they involve different types of movements in different planes.

Explanation
A hinge is the correct answer because it allows for movement in only one direction, similar to a door hinge. It consists of two plates connected by a pin or rod, which allows for rotation and bending along a single axis. This type of movement is referred to as uni-axial movement. Additionally, a hinge typically has a convex and concave part that interlock, providing stability and support during movement.

Explanation
Gliding joints are found between slightly curved bone surfaces. These joints allow for limited movement in multiple directions, such as sliding or twisting. Unlike ball and socket joints, which allow for a wide range of movement, gliding joints have a more restricted range of motion. Similarly, hinge joints only allow movement in one direction, like the opening and closing of a door. Therefore, the correct answer is gliding.

Explanation
A pivot joint allows rotation and movement around a single axis. This type of joint is found in the neck, allowing for the movement of the head from side to side. It also exists in the forearm, enabling the rotation of the radius and ulna bones. Unlike a hinge joint, which only allows movement in one direction, a pivot joint provides more freedom of movement. Gliding joints, on the other hand, allow for sliding or gliding movements between bones. Therefore, the correct answer is pivot.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Ball and socket". A ball and socket joint allows for multi-axial movement, meaning it can move in multiple directions. This type of joint consists of a rounded surface (ball) that fits into a cup-like socket, allowing for a wide range of motion. Examples of ball and socket joints in the human body include the shoulder and hip joints. Hinge and pivot joints, on the other hand, allow movement in only one or two directions respectively, making them less suitable for multi-axial movement.

Explanation
The term "bi-axial movement" refers to movement that occurs along two axes. In this context, an ellipsoid is a shape that has three unequal axes, allowing for movement along any two of those axes. Therefore, an ellipsoid is the most suitable option for bi-axial movement, making it the correct answer.

Explanation
Circumduction is the correct answer because it refers to a type of movement where one part of the body remains stationary while the other part makes a circular or circular-like motion. This is exactly what happens when a pitcher winds up for a pitch, as the arm moves in a circular motion while the rest of the body remains relatively still. Rotation refers to a movement around a fixed axis, supination refers to the rotation of the forearm to turn the palm upward, and hyperextension refers to excessive extension or straightening of a joint beyond its normal range of motion.

Explanation
Ball and socket joints provide the most range of movement compared to other types of joints. In these joints, the spherical head of one bone fits into the spherical cavity of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. Examples of ball and socket joints in the body include the shoulder and hip joints.

Explanation
Supination is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of turning the palm anterior or upward in an anatomical position where the radius is parallel to the ulna. This movement allows the palm to face forward or upward, and it is the opposite of pronation, which is the movement of turning the palm posterior or downward.