Sociology Practice Quiz #5
This quiz is to help me study for my sociology test.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
According to data on the effectiveness of Head Start programs in the United States, which of the following is TRUE?
- A.
The data are clear: these programs are a colossal failure.
- B.
The data are clear: these programs are a total success.
- C.
The data show positive results for girls and negative results for boys.
- D.
The results for later years are uneven, but they do give hope that early intervention programs can provide benefits to some disadvantaged students.
Correct Answer
D. The results for later years are uneven, but they do give hope that early intervention programs can provide benefits to some disadvantaged students.Explanation
The given answer suggests that while the results for later years may vary, there is still hope that early intervention programs like Head Start can provide benefits to some disadvantaged students. This implies that the effectiveness of these programs is not universally positive or negative, but rather depends on individual circumstances and outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Whose work includes creating Web sites for Nike and McDonald’s, as well as the photo-sharing site Flickr?
- A.
Simmel
- B.
Merton
- C.
Fake
- D.
Cooley
Correct Answer
C. FakeExplanation
Fake is the correct answer because the question is asking about the person whose work includes creating websites for Nike, McDonald's, and Flickr. Simmel, Merton, and Cooley are not known for their work in web design or creating websites for these specific companies. Fake is the only option that suggests a possibility of someone creating websites for these well-known brands.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A duo such as the superhero Batman and his sidekick Robin is an example of which type of group?
- A.
A dyad
- B.
A triad
- C.
A party
- D.
A small group
Correct Answer
A. A dyadExplanation
A duo such as Batman and Robin is an example of a dyad because a dyad refers to a group consisting of only two members. In this case, Batman and Robin form a partnership where they work together as a team to fight crime. They rely on each other's skills and support, making them a classic example of a dyad.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A married couple and their firstborn child are a type of group known as:
- A.
A dyad
- B.
A triad
- C.
A party
- D.
A small group
Correct Answer
B. A triadExplanation
A married couple and their firstborn child are considered a triad because a triad refers to a group consisting of three members. In this case, the married couple and their firstborn child make up a group of three individuals, thus fitting the definition of a triad.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following wrote “The Dyad and the Triad,” which argues that the number of people in a group helps to determine the form of the social relations within the group?
- A.
Durkheim
- B.
Fake
- C.
Simmel
- D.
Cooley
Correct Answer
C. SimmelExplanation
Simmel wrote "The Dyad and the Triad," which argues that the number of people in a group helps to determine the form of the social relations within the group.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All of the following are basic forms of political relations that can evolve within a triad depending upon what role the entering third party assumes, EXCEPT:
- A.
Mediator
- B.
The third party rejoices
- C.
Divide and conquer
- D.
Chaos reigns supreme
Correct Answer
D. Chaos reigns supremeExplanation
The question asks for an exception among the given options for the basic forms of political relations that can evolve within a triad depending on the role of the entering third party. The options "mediator," "the third party rejoices," and "divide and conquer" are all valid forms of political relations that can evolve within a triad. However, "chaos reigns supreme" does not fit this category as it does not describe a specific role or form of political relation within a triad.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A person who intentionally tries to drive a wedge between two other people is termed by Simmel as:
- A.
Divide and conquer
- B.
Troublemaker
- C.
Buttinski
- D.
Scapegoat
Correct Answer
A. Divide and conquerExplanation
Simmel termed a person who intentionally tries to drive a wedge between two other people as "divide and conquer". This term refers to the strategy of causing division and conflict among a group in order to gain control or power. By creating tension and animosity between individuals, the person seeks to weaken their unity and manipulate the situation to their advantage. This term highlights the manipulative and divisive nature of such individuals.Rate this question:
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- 8.
According to Simmel, the three types of groups larger than a triad include all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Small groups
- B.
Parties
- C.
Large groups
- D.
Aggregates
Correct Answer
D. AggregatesExplanation
According to Simmel, the three types of groups larger than a triad are small groups, parties, and large groups. Aggregates are not included in this list.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following are characteristics of Simmel’s small group EXCEPT:
- A.
They are made up of three or fewer people
- B.
Face-to-face interaction is unifocal
- C.
They lack formal arrangements or roles
- D.
Equality
Correct Answer
A. They are made up of three or fewer peopleExplanation
Simmel's small group is characterized by face-to-face interaction being unifocal, lack of formal arrangements or roles, and equality among its members. However, the statement "they are made up of three or fewer people" is not a characteristic of Simmel's small group.Rate this question:
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- 10.
According to Simmel, the essential feature of a party is that it is:
- A.
Multifocal
- B.
Unifocal
- C.
Unfocused
- D.
Difficult to control
Correct Answer
A. MultifocalExplanation
According to Simmel, a party is considered multifocal because it involves multiple individuals interacting with each other simultaneously. In a party, people engage in various conversations and activities, creating a dynamic and diverse social environment. This multifocality is what distinguishes a party from other social gatherings or events that may have a single focal point or purpose.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The characteristics of a formal structure and status differentiation are essential to which of Simmel’s type of group?
- A.
Triad
- B.
Small groups
- C.
Party
- D.
Large group
Correct Answer
D. Large groupExplanation
In Simmel's theory, a large group is characterized by a formal structure and status differentiation. This means that there are clear roles, rules, and hierarchies within the group. In a large group, individuals have different positions and levels of authority or power, which contributes to the overall formal structure. This differentiation of status helps to maintain order, manage conflicts, and facilitate decision-making within the large group. Therefore, the characteristics of a formal structure and status differentiation are essential to a large group according to Simmel's perspective.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Cooley distinguished between two types of groups he called:
- A.
Triads and dyads
- B.
Small and large groups
- C.
Primary and secondary groups
- D.
Parties and wild bashes
Correct Answer
C. Primary and secondary groupsExplanation
Cooley distinguished between two types of groups: primary and secondary groups. Primary groups are characterized by intimate and personal relationships, such as families or close friends, where individuals have strong emotional ties and engage in face-to-face interactions. On the other hand, secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, such as work colleagues or members of a club, where relationships are more formal and task-oriented. Cooley's distinction helps to understand the different dynamics and purposes of these two types of social groups.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A family is an example of which type of group identified by Cooley?
- A.
Primary group
- B.
Secondary group
- C.
Small group
- D.
Large group
Correct Answer
A. Primary groupExplanation
A family is considered an example of a primary group according to Cooley's classification. Primary groups are characterized by close, intimate, and long-lasting relationships. They are usually small in size and involve face-to-face interactions. Families fit this description as they consist of individuals who share deep emotional bonds, live together, and engage in regular personal interactions. In contrast, secondary groups are typically larger and more impersonal, focusing on specific tasks or goals rather than personal relationships.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Your intro sociology class is probably which of the following type of group identified by Cooley?
- A.
A secondary group
- B.
A small group
- C.
A large group
- D.
A party
Correct Answer
A. A secondary groupExplanation
Cooley identified secondary groups as larger, impersonal groups where individuals interact based on specific roles and tasks. These groups are often formed for a specific purpose, such as a classroom setting, where individuals come together to achieve a common goal or objective. In this case, the intro sociology class can be considered a secondary group as it consists of a larger number of students who come together for the purpose of learning and studying sociology.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following conducted experiments and established a test that demonstrates the power of group conformity?
- A.
Asch
- B.
Cooley
- C.
Merton
- D.
Simmel
Correct Answer
A. AschExplanation
Asch conducted experiments that demonstrated the power of group conformity. In his famous conformity study, participants were shown a line and asked to match it with one of three other lines. The catch was that the majority of the participants were confederates who purposely chose the wrong answer. Asch found that many participants conformed to the incorrect group answer, even when they knew it was wrong. This study highlighted the influence of social pressure and the tendency for individuals to conform to group norms, even when it goes against their own judgment.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following type of groups are significant in that they distinguish between the relative power to define what is normal versus abnormal type of behaviors within the groups?
- A.
In- and out-groups
- B.
Primary and secondary groups
- C.
Small and large groups
- D.
Parties and large groups
Correct Answer
A. In- and out-groupsExplanation
In-groups and out-groups are significant in distinguishing between the relative power to define what is considered normal versus abnormal behavior within a group. In-groups refer to the group to which an individual belongs and identifies with, while out-groups are those that an individual does not belong to. The in-group members have the power to define what is considered normal behavior within the group, while behavior that deviates from these norms is seen as abnormal. Out-group members, on the other hand, are not part of this power dynamic and may have different definitions of normal and abnormal behavior.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Stigmatized groups, such as gays and lesbians in the United States, are known as:
- A.
Primary groups
- B.
Secondary groups
- C.
In-groups
- D.
Out-groups
Correct Answer
D. Out-groupsExplanation
Stigmatized groups, such as gays and lesbians in the United States, are known as out-groups. Out-groups refer to social groups that are perceived as being different or outside of the dominant or majority group. These stigmatized groups often face discrimination, prejudice, and social exclusion due to their perceived differences, which can lead to marginalization and inequality within society.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Marina is a 10-year-old girl who idolizes singers like Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera. She compares herself to them and imitates them while singing in front of her bedroom mirror. These singers are known as Marina’s:
- A.
In-group
- B.
Out-group
- C.
Reference group
- D.
Primary group
Correct Answer
C. Reference groupExplanation
Marina's reference group refers to the singers Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera. A reference group is a group of people that an individual identifies with and uses as a standard for evaluating their own attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Marina looks up to and imitates these singers, indicating that they serve as her reference group. They are a source of inspiration and influence for her, shaping her perception of what it means to be a successful singer.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following types of groups do people compare themselves to, even if they don’t know each other personally?
- A.
In-groups
- B.
Out-groups
- C.
Reference groups
- D.
Primary groups
Correct Answer
C. Reference groupsExplanation
A reference group is a social group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating their own attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs. It is a group that people compare themselves to, even if they don't know the members personally. Reference groups can be aspirational (groups that individuals admire and strive to be a part of) or normative (groups that individuals use to gauge their own behavior and conform to societal norms). Therefore, the correct answer is reference groups.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Sets of dyads held together by ties between the individuals are known as:
- A.
Triads
- B.
Social networks
- C.
Primary groups
- D.
Reference groups
Correct Answer
B. Social networksExplanation
Sets of dyads held together by ties between the individuals are known as social networks. Social networks refer to the connections and relationships between individuals, forming a web of social interactions. These networks can be formed within various contexts, such as friendships, family ties, or professional relationships. Social networks play a crucial role in shaping social behavior, information flow, and social support systems. They can also impact individual and collective outcomes, such as influencing job opportunities, access to resources, and social capital.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A set of stories that explain the content of a particular relationship are known as a:
- A.
Tie
- B.
Connection
- C.
Dyad
- D.
Triad
Correct Answer
A. TieExplanation
A set of stories that explain the content of a particular relationship are known as a "tie". This term refers to the narratives or anecdotes that provide insight and understanding into the nature and dynamics of a relationship between individuals or groups. These stories help to illustrate the connection and interdependence between the parties involved, shedding light on their shared experiences and the significance of their bond.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The sum of stories about a set of ties that exist between people is known as a(n):
- A.
Social network
- B.
Narrative
- C.
Uniplex tie
- D.
Multiplex tie
Correct Answer
B. NarrativeExplanation
A narrative refers to a collection of stories or accounts that are interconnected and revolve around a particular set of ties between people. It is a way of representing and understanding the relationships and interactions within a social network. While a social network refers to the overall structure of relationships, a narrative focuses on the specific stories and experiences that shape these ties. Therefore, the term "narrative" is the most appropriate answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Sociologists refer to the degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network as:
- A.
Embeddedness
- B.
Structural holes
- C.
Social capital
- D.
A narrative
Correct Answer
A. EmbeddednessExplanation
Embeddedness refers to the degree to which ties within a social network are reinforced through indirect paths. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependencies among individuals within a network. This concept recognizes that social relationships are not isolated, but rather embedded within a larger social structure. By understanding the embeddedness of ties, sociologists can analyze the strength and influence of social networks on individual behavior and outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The fact that relatively weak ties that are not reinforced through indirect paths often turn out to be the most valuable, especially in job searches, is known as:
- A.
A structural hole
- B.
Embeddedness
- C.
The strength of weak ties
- D.
Networking
Correct Answer
C. The strength of weak tiesExplanation
The correct answer is "the strength of weak ties". This concept refers to the idea that weak ties, or connections with acquaintances and distant contacts, can be more valuable in certain situations, such as job searches, compared to strong ties with close friends or family. Weak ties provide access to new information, diverse perspectives, and different networks, which can lead to opportunities that may not be available within one's immediate social circle. This concept highlights the importance of expanding one's network beyond close relationships and leveraging the potential benefits of weak ties.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The example of how real estate agents earn money by contractually maintaining or creating distance or contact between potential buyers and sellers highlights which of the following?
- A.
Structural holes
- B.
Narratives
- C.
Social capital
- D.
Bureaucracies
Correct Answer
A. Structural holesExplanation
The example of real estate agents earning money by maintaining or creating distance or contact between potential buyers and sellers demonstrates the concept of structural holes. Structural holes refer to gaps or spaces between individuals or groups in a social network. In this case, the real estate agents are exploiting the gaps or holes in the network by acting as intermediaries, connecting buyers and sellers who may not have otherwise been aware of or connected to each other. This allows them to earn money through their role in bridging these structural holes.Rate this question:
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- 26.
According to Putnam’s research, although much data suggests that the United States is becoming less community-oriented and more selfish, which of the following events has led to a temporary revival of civic engagement among young people?
- A.
The death of Tupac Shakur
- B.
The terrorist attacks of 9/11/01
- C.
The rise in gas prices
- D.
The Boston Red Sox winning the World Series
Correct Answer
B. The terrorist attacks of 9/11/01Explanation
The correct answer is the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01. According to Putnam's research, this event led to a temporary revival of civic engagement among young people. The attacks caused a sense of unity and solidarity among Americans, leading to increased participation in community activities and a stronger sense of community-oriented behavior.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The training and skills that make individuals more productive and valuable to employers, such as information, knowledge of people or things, and connections, are known as:
- A.
Narrative
- B.
Isomorphism
- C.
Social capital
- D.
Bureaucracy
Correct Answer
C. Social capitalExplanation
Social capital refers to the training and skills that individuals possess, which make them more productive and valuable to employers. This includes information, knowledge of people or things, and connections. Social capital is an important asset in the professional world as it allows individuals to leverage their networks, expertise, and resources to achieve their goals and contribute to organizational success. It helps in building relationships, trust, and collaboration, which ultimately leads to increased productivity and effectiveness in the workplace.Rate this question:
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- 28.
According to data presented in Chapter 4, which of the following is TRUE regarding social capital in the United States today?
- A.
Social capital is increasing.
- B.
Social capital is decreasing.
- C.
Social capital is relatively the same as it was 30 years ago.
- D.
Social capital data is not available to sociologists.
Correct Answer
B. Social capital is decreasing.Explanation
The correct answer is "Social capital is decreasing." This is based on the information presented in Chapter 4, which indicates that social capital in the United States today is declining.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone are used to highlight which of the following?
- A.
The increase in social capital
- B.
The decrease in social capital
- C.
How bowling is gaining popularity among widows and widowers
- D.
How bowling is affecting young, single gay men
Correct Answer
B. The decrease in social capitalExplanation
The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone suggest a decrease in social capital. This means that people are becoming more isolated and disconnected from their communities. The increase in solo activities like bowling and eating alone indicates a decline in social interactions and connections with others. This can have negative effects on individuals and society as a whole, as social capital is essential for building strong relationships, trust, and cooperation within a community.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following cultures is a case study of a lifestyle that has endured and maintained its traditions despite wide changes in United States modern life?
- A.
Native Americans in New Mexico
- B.
Italian-Americans in New York
- C.
The Amish in Pennsylvania
- D.
Polygamous families in Utah
Correct Answer
C. The Amish in PennsylvaniaExplanation
The Amish in Pennsylvania is a culture that has endured and maintained its traditions despite wide changes in United States modern life. The Amish are known for their simple and traditional way of life, including their dress, technology use, and agricultural practices. They have chosen to live separate from mainstream society and prioritize their religious beliefs and community values. This commitment to their traditions has allowed them to preserve their unique lifestyle over time, even as the surrounding culture has evolved.Rate this question:
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- 31.
According to research in Chapter 5, about how many people visit the Amish communities of Pennsylvania each year?
- A.
100,000
- B.
1,000,000
- C.
2,000,000
- D.
5,000,000
Correct Answer
D. 5,000,000Explanation
According to research in Chapter 5, approximately 5,000,000 people visit the Amish communities of Pennsylvania each year.Rate this question:
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- 32.
What appears to be the main reason for the success of Amish businesses when compared to other United States businesses?
- A.
The Amish live by prioritizing the community and its social capital, rather than rugged individualism.
- B.
Like all the inhabitants of the United States, the Amish value rugged individualism.
- C.
The Amish hire outsourced labor from Mexico.
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. The Amish live by prioritizing the community and its social capital, rather than rugged individualism.Explanation
The main reason for the success of Amish businesses when compared to other United States businesses is that the Amish prioritize the community and its social capital, rather than rugged individualism. This means that they work together as a community, supporting and helping each other, which leads to a stronger and more resilient business environment. This sense of community and collaboration allows them to overcome challenges and achieve success in their businesses.Rate this question:
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- 33.
When analyzing the social structure of teenage sex in the United States, researchers report that what percentage of teens older than age 15 admit to engaging in sexual intercourse?
- A.
25%
- B.
50%
- C.
75%
- D.
90%
Correct Answer
B. 50%Explanation
Researchers report that approximately 50% of teens older than age 15 admit to engaging in sexual intercourse. This suggests that a significant portion of teenagers in the United States are sexually active. It is important to note that this statistic represents self-reported data and may not reflect the actual prevalence of teenage sex. Additionally, this percentage may vary depending on factors such as demographics, cultural norms, and individual experiences.Rate this question:
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- 34.
President George W. Bush and other religious and conservative policy makers’ emphasis on abstinence programs and “virginity pledges” has led to:
- A.
An increase in teen pregnancy
- B.
A decrease in teen pregnancy
- C.
An earlier onset of sexual activity, on average
- D.
A delayed onset of sexual activity, on average
Correct Answer
D. A delayed onset of sexual activity, on averageExplanation
The emphasis on abstinence programs and "virginity pledges" by President George W. Bush and other religious and conservative policy makers has led to a delayed onset of sexual activity, on average. This means that teenagers are choosing to engage in sexual activity at a later age compared to before.Rate this question:
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- 35.
A general rule found in research, known as “no cycles of four” within two romantic heterosexual couples, is that people rarely date the ex of their ex-partner’s new boy- or girlfriend. What explanation is given for this finding?
- A.
The exes have already moved on to new partners.
- B.
The entire group of four don’t like one another anymore.
- C.
The replaced exes don’t want to lose social status and be seen as “leftovers.”
- D.
One of the partners was hiding his or her homosexuality and now only wants a homosexual partner.
Correct Answer
C. The replaced exes don’t want to lose social status and be seen as “leftovers.”Explanation
The explanation for this finding is that the replaced exes don't want to lose social status and be seen as "leftovers." This means that when one person in a romantic heterosexual couple breaks up and starts dating someone new, their ex-partner's new boyfriend or girlfriend is unlikely to date their ex. This is because the exes may feel that dating their partner's ex would make them appear like they are settling for leftovers and lower their social status.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In their networking analysis of Nazis, Bearman and Stovel asked which of the following questions?
- A.
Why do people become Nazis?
- B.
How do people become Nazis?
- C.
How and why do people become Nazis?
- D.
What effects did their membership in the Nazi Party have on the individuals?
Correct Answer
B. How do people become Nazis?Explanation
The correct answer is "How do people become Nazis?" This question focuses on the process or factors that contribute to individuals becoming Nazis. It seeks to understand the influences and motivations that lead people to join the Nazi party. It does not address the effects of membership or the reasons behind becoming a Nazi, but rather explores the path individuals take towards becoming involved with the Nazi ideology and party.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Any social network that is defined by a common purpose and that has a boundary between its members and the rest of the social world is known within sociology as a(n):
- A.
Tie
- B.
Narrative
- C.
Large group
- D.
Organization
Correct Answer
D. OrganizationExplanation
An organization is a social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundary between its members and the rest of the social world. This means that it is a group of individuals who come together to achieve a specific goal or objective, and they have distinct roles and responsibilities within the organization. The term "organization" is commonly used in sociology to refer to such social networks that have a clear structure and purpose.Rate this question:
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- 38.
An example of organizational culture is this type of group that allows only certain groups of males to join, as it gives them preferential treatment in hiring, promotion, and so on:
- A.
Political action group
- B.
An old boys’ club
- C.
Country club
- D.
No-girls-allowed club
Correct Answer
B. An old boys’ clubExplanation
An old boys' club is an example of organizational culture because it is a type of group that allows only certain groups of males to join and provides them with preferential treatment in hiring, promotion, and other aspects. This type of organization creates a culture that reinforces gender bias and exclusion, which can have a significant impact on the overall dynamics and values within the organization.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group, also called “corporate culture,” are known as:
- A.
Organizational culture
- B.
Cross-culture
- C.
Interculture
- D.
Counterculture
Correct Answer
A. Organizational cultureExplanation
Organizational culture refers to the shared beliefs and behaviors that exist within a social group. It encompasses the values, norms, attitudes, and practices that are characteristic of a particular organization. This culture influences how employees interact with each other, make decisions, and approach their work. It is often shaped by the organization's mission, vision, and core values, and plays a significant role in shaping the overall work environment and employee behavior.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The ways in which power and authority are distributed hierarchically within an organization are called:
- A.
Isomorphism
- B.
Organizational structure
- C.
Old boys’ club
- D.
Patriarchy
Correct Answer
B. Organizational structureExplanation
The correct answer is organizational structure. This refers to the manner in which power and authority are allocated in a hierarchical manner within an organization. It determines how tasks, responsibilities, and decision-making are divided and coordinated among different levels and departments. Organizational structure helps establish clear lines of communication, accountability, and control within the organization.Rate this question:
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- 41.
C. Wright Mills’s term for interlocking directorates is which of the following?
- A.
The power elite
- B.
Patriarchy
- C.
Hierarchy
- D.
Conflict of interest
Correct Answer
A. The power eliteExplanation
C. Wright Mills coined the term "the power elite" to describe the interconnectedness and concentration of power among a small group of individuals who hold influential positions in society. This concept refers to the idea that political, economic, and military elites work together to maintain their power and control over society. Mills argued that this power elite operates behind the scenes, making decisions that shape the direction of society, often without the knowledge or input of the general population. Therefore, "the power elite" is the correct term for interlocking directorates according to Mills.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A process by which organizations face the same conditions, and ultimately tend to end up like each other, is known as:
- A.
Embeddedness
- B.
The power elite
- C.
Reference groups
- D.
Isomorphism
Correct Answer
D. IsomorphismExplanation
Isomorphism refers to the process by which organizations, in similar environments, tend to adopt similar structures, practices, and behaviors. This occurs due to pressures from the environment, such as regulatory requirements or industry norms, which lead organizations to conform to the dominant practices in order to gain legitimacy and maintain their competitive position. Isomorphism can result in organizations becoming more similar to each other over time, even if they initially had different structures or strategies.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Although the nature of the rules that govern social networks and organizations is virtually timeless, networks have changed dramatically over time because of which of the following?
- A.
Political changes in Eastern Europe
- B.
Technological advancements, especially the Internet
- C.
Global warming
- D.
More money in the hands of top executives
Correct Answer
B. Technological advancements, especially the InternetExplanation
The correct answer is technological advancements, especially the Internet. This is because the Internet has revolutionized the way social networks and organizations operate. It has allowed for faster communication, increased connectivity, and the ability to reach a larger audience. These advancements have greatly impacted the structure and dynamics of social networks and organizations, making them more efficient and accessible.Rate this question:
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- 44.
One new format for organizations that is displacing the traditional corporation is the peer-based production model known as:
- A.
Open source
- B.
The power elite
- C.
Isomorphism
- D.
Embeddedness
Correct Answer
A. Open sourceExplanation
The correct answer is "open source." Open source refers to a collaborative production model where individuals or organizations contribute to the development and improvement of a product or software. It allows for transparency, accessibility, and shared ownership of the final product. This model has gained popularity in recent years and is seen as an alternative to traditional hierarchical structures in organizations. It fosters innovation, creativity, and community participation in the production process.Rate this question:
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- 45.
A popular example of the open-source format is this online encyclopedia called:
- A.
Facebook
- B.
MySpace
- C.
EBay
- D.
Wikipedia
Correct Answer
D. WikipediaExplanation
Wikipedia is a popular example of the open-source format because it is an online encyclopedia that allows anyone to create, edit, and contribute to its content. It operates under a Creative Commons license, which means that the content is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. This open collaboration model has led to the creation of a vast and diverse knowledge base that is constantly evolving and improving with the help of a global community of contributors.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Benkler’s (2006) term for “a new model of economic production in which the creative energy of large numbers of people is coordinated (usually with the aid of the Internet) into large meaningful projects” is:
- A.
The power elite
- B.
Peer pressure
- C.
Commons-based peer production
- D.
Capitalism
Correct Answer
C. Commons-based peer productionExplanation
Benkler's term for "a new model of economic production in which the creative energy of large numbers of people is coordinated (usually with the aid of the Internet) into large meaningful projects" is commons-based peer production. This term refers to a collaborative and decentralized approach to production, where individuals contribute their skills and resources to create and share goods or services. It emphasizes the importance of community and cooperation, rather than traditional hierarchical structures. This model harnesses the power of collective intelligence and enables the participation of a diverse range of contributors.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Conley uses the example of writing a Sociology 101 text without accepting any monetary compensation to highlight which of the following concepts?
- A.
Commons-based peer production
- B.
Rugged individualism
- C.
Isomorphism
- D.
The power elite
Correct Answer
A. Commons-based peer productionExplanation
Conley uses the example of writing a Sociology 101 text without accepting any monetary compensation to highlight the concept of commons-based peer production. This concept refers to a collaborative process where individuals voluntarily contribute their time, skills, and resources to create and share a common resource, such as knowledge or software, without the need for traditional hierarchical structures or monetary incentives. By using this example, Conley emphasizes the idea of individuals coming together to create something valuable for the benefit of the community, rather than for personal gain.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following is a federal law that eliminated quotas on national origins for potential immigrants to the United States?
- A.
The 14th Amendment
- B.
The Hart-Cellar Act
- C.
Title IX
- D.
The Civil Rights Act
Correct Answer
B. The Hart-Cellar ActExplanation
The Hart-Cellar Act is the correct answer because it is a federal law that eliminated quotas on national origins for potential immigrants to the United States. The 14th Amendment, Title IX, and the Civil Rights Act are not relevant to this question as they do not pertain to immigration quotas.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Today, the legal approach to immigration in the United States is based upon which of the following?
- A.
How much money potential immigrants and their families have to pay to get in
- B.
The national origin of potential immigrants
- C.
People’s family preferences and ties
- D.
Whether potential immigrants speak English or not
Correct Answer
C. People’s family preferences and tiesExplanation
The legal approach to immigration in the United States is based on people's family preferences and ties. This means that individuals who have family members already living in the US may have a higher chance of being granted immigration status. The US immigration system values the reunification of families and allows for certain family members to sponsor their relatives for immigration. This approach prioritizes keeping families together and supporting family unity in the immigration process.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the applicability of network analysis within sociological research?
- A.
It can be used in both microlevel and macrolevel studies.
- B.
It can be used in microlevel studies only.
- C.
It can be used in marcrolevel studies only.
- D.
It has not yet been applied to either microlevel
Correct Answer
A. It can be used in both microlevel and macrolevel studies.Explanation
Network analysis is a research method that examines the relationships between individuals or groups. It can be applied to both microlevel and macrolevel studies in sociological research. At the microlevel, network analysis can be used to study interpersonal relationships and social interactions within small groups or communities. At the macrolevel, it can be used to analyze social structures and patterns of relationships within larger populations or societies. Therefore, the statement "It can be used in both microlevel and macrolevel studies" is true.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 24, 2010Quiz Created by
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