Quiz On Ovary Patholgy

Explanation
Call exner bodies, endometrial hyperplasia, postmenopausal bleeding, and lump on the breast are all characteristic findings of granulosa cell tumor. Granulosa cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms that typically produce estrogen, leading to symptoms such as endometrial hyperplasia and postmenopausal bleeding. Call exner bodies, which are small, round, eosinophilic structures found within the tumor cells, are a histological feature specific to granulosa cell tumors. Although granulosa cell tumors primarily arise in the ovary, they can occasionally metastasize to other sites, including the breast, leading to the development of a breast lump.

Explanation
Ascites, hydrothorax, nevus cell tumor, and spindle-shaped cells with polygonal cells are all characteristic features of fibrothecoma. Fibrothecoma is a type of ovarian tumor that is composed of fibrous and theca cells. It can cause the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites) and in the pleural cavity (hydrothorax). Additionally, nevus cell tumors can be present within fibrothecomas, and the tumor cells themselves often have a spindle-shaped morphology with polygonal cells. These features help to distinguish fibrothecoma from other types of ovarian tumors.

Explanation
Psammoma bodies, papillae, columnar cells, and polyps are all characteristic features seen in serous cystadenoma. Serous cystadenoma is a benign tumor that commonly occurs in the ovary and is composed of cysts lined by a single layer of columnar cells. Psammoma bodies are calcifications that can be found within the cysts. Papillae and polyps are also present in some cases, contributing to the complex architecture of the tumor. Therefore, the presence of these features helps in the diagnosis of serous cystadenoma.

Explanation
Increased levels of afg (alpha-fetoprotein), alpha1-antitrypsin, and hcg (human chorionic gonadotropin) along with the presence of Schiller duval bodies are characteristic features of yolk sac tumor or endometroid sinus tumor. These tumors are rare and typically occur in the ovaries or testes. The elevated levels of afg, alpha1-antitrypsin, and hcg are tumor markers that can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of these tumors. The presence of Schiller duval bodies, which are glomerulus-like structures, further supports the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor or endometroid sinus tumor.

Explanation
The given characteristics of pseudomyxoma peritoneii, such as multiloculation, absence of polyps, papillae or psamomma bodies, presence of columnar cells secreting mucin, and stromal invasion, are consistent with the features of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

Explanation
A round fleshy tumor with a gray pink appearance and large round cells with clear cytoplasm is characteristic of dysgerminoma. Dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that typically occurs in the ovaries. It is composed of undifferentiated germ cells and often presents as a single solid mass. The tumor cells have a characteristic appearance with large round nuclei and clear cytoplasm. Dysgerminoma is a malignant tumor, but it is highly responsive to treatment, especially chemotherapy, and has a good prognosis.

Explanation
Brenner's tumor is a rare type of ovarian tumor that typically has transitional epithelium. Transitional epithelium is a specialized type of epithelial tissue that is found in organs that need to stretch and expand, such as the urinary bladder. It is characterized by multiple layers of cells that can change shape and stretch without tearing. In the case of Brenner's tumor, the transitional epithelium is a distinguishing feature that helps in its diagnosis and classification.

Explanation
A malignant tumor with a uterine variant, hemorrhage, and necrosis with increased HCG levels is characteristic of choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops from trophoblastic cells, which are responsible for the formation of the placenta during pregnancy. It is characterized by abnormal growth of these cells, leading to the formation of a tumor. The increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are a result of the tumor producing this hormone. The presence of hemorrhage and necrosis further supports the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma.