Interviewing And Counselling

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| By Ajeff1234

Ajeff1234

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 3,348

Questions: 46 | Attempts: 3,354 | Updated: Aug 29, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Counselling is defined by
- A.
  
  The needs of the client
- B.
  
  The mandate of the agency
- C.
  
  The expertise of the counsellor
- D.
  
  All of the above
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
Counselling is a process that takes into account the needs of the client, the mandate of the agency, and the expertise of the counsellor. The needs of the client are essential in determining the goals and objectives of the counselling session. The mandate of the agency sets the framework and boundaries within which the counselling takes place. The expertise of the counsellor ensures that appropriate techniques and interventions are used to address the client's needs. Therefore, all of the above factors are important in defining counselling.

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2.

Counselling may involve
- A.
  
  Helping clients make decisions
- B.
  
  Support
- C.
  
  Teaching clients new skills
- D.
  
  Mediating relationship problems
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
Counselling may involve helping clients make decisions by providing guidance and exploring different options. It also involves providing support to clients during difficult times, offering empathy and understanding. Additionally, counselling may include teaching clients new skills to cope with their challenges and improve their overall well-being. Lastly, it may involve mediating relationship problems, helping individuals or couples to communicate effectively and resolve conflicts. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as counselling encompasses all these aspects.

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3.

Ethics are
- A.
  
  Skill sets
- B.
  
  What a person values as important
- C.
  
  Principles of acceptable conduct
- D.
  
  The core conditions of counselling
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
Ethics are a combination of skill sets, what a person values as important, principles of acceptable conduct, and the core conditions of counseling. This means that ethics encompass a range of factors, including the abilities and knowledge required for a particular field, personal beliefs and priorities, guidelines for appropriate behavior, and fundamental principles that form the foundation of counseling. Therefore, the statement "all of the above" accurately reflects the various aspects that ethics encompass.

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4.

Counselling contracts
- A.
  
  Address roles and responsibilities
- B.
  
  Define the work to be done
- C.
  
  Address the intended purpose of the counselling relationship
- D.
  
  Specify the focus of discussion
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above". Counselling contracts are agreements that outline the roles and responsibilities of both the counselor and the client. They also define the work to be done during the counseling sessions, including the intended purpose of the relationship and the specific focus of discussion. Therefore, all of the given options are addressed in counseling contracts.

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5.

Empowering skills
- A.
  
  Help clients develop control and self-esteem
- B.
  
  Represent an abuse of the power relationship
- C.
  
  Help counsellors manage the flow of the interview
- D.
  
  Require involuntary clients to accept counselling
- E.
  
  Are strictly prohibited by professional codes of ethics
- F.
  
  Are appropriate only in the context of a trusting relationship
Correct Answer
A. Help clients develop control and self-esteem

Explanation
The correct answer is "help clients develop control and self-esteem." Empowering skills in counseling aim to assist clients in gaining a sense of control over their lives and increasing their self-esteem. These skills help clients become more self-reliant and confident in making decisions and taking actions towards their well-being. By empowering clients, counselors enable them to develop the necessary skills and mindset to overcome challenges and improve their overall quality of life.

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6.

Which of the following is an example of a directive
- A.
  
  "Uh huh"
- B.
  
  What do you expect to achieve from counselling?
- C.
  
  How do you feel?
- D.
  
  Give me an example
- E.
  
  It sounds like you are feeling sad.
- F.
  
  "No!"
Correct Answer
D. Give me an example

Explanation
The phrase "Give me an example" is an example of a directive because it is a command or instruction that is asking for a specific action to be taken. In this case, it is asking for someone to provide an example.

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7.

Active listening involves
- A.
  
  Silence
- B.
  
  Asking questions
- C.
  
  Attending
- D.
  
  Summarizing
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
Active listening involves various components such as silence, asking questions, attending, and summarizing. Silence is important because it allows the listener to fully focus on the speaker and their message. Asking questions helps to clarify any uncertainties and encourages further communication. Attending involves giving full attention to the speaker through nonverbal cues and maintaining eye contact. Summarizing allows the listener to reflect on and restate the main points of the speaker's message. Therefore, all of the above options are correct as they are integral parts of active listening.

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8.

Objectivity is best described as
- A.
  
  Counselling all clients using the same skills and strategies
- B.
  
  Recognizing client strengths
- C.
  
  Relating to clients without allowing bias to di stort judgement
- D.
  
  Principles of correct ethical behaviour
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Relating to clients without allowing bias to di stort judgement

Explanation
Objectivity is best described as relating to clients without allowing bias to distort judgment. This means that when practicing objectivity, one treats all clients fairly and impartially, without letting personal opinions or biases influence their judgments or decisions. It involves maintaining a neutral and unbiased perspective, focusing on the client's needs, and providing support and guidance without favoritism or prejudice. Objectivity is an essential aspect of effective counseling and helps ensure that clients receive fair and unbiased treatment.

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9.

Rescuing
- A.
  
  Protects clients from dealing with painful issues or feelings
- B.
  
  Arises from the counsellors need to avoid tension
- C.
  
  Is a misuse of the supportive function of counselling
- D.
  
  Doing for clients what they should be doing for themselves
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above." Rescuing in counseling refers to the counselor's tendency to protect clients from painful issues or feelings, which can arise from the counselor's need to avoid tension. It is also considered a misuse of the supportive function of counseling, as it involves doing things for clients that they should be doing for themselves. Therefore, all the given statements are true in relation to rescuing in counseling.

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10.

Which of the following represents a "dual relationship"
- A.
  
  Having sex with a client
- B.
  
  Buying a car from a client
- C.
  
  Co-signing a loan for a client
- D.
  
  Social involvement with a client
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
A "dual relationship" refers to a situation where a professional has multiple roles or relationships with a client, which can potentially compromise the objectivity and effectiveness of the professional-client relationship. In all of the given options, there is a potential for a dual relationship to occur. Having sex with a client, buying a car from a client, co-signing a loan for a client, or engaging in social involvement with a client all involve crossing professional boundaries and can lead to conflicts of interest or exploitation. Therefore, all of the above options represent a "dual relationship".

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11.

Absolute confidentiality means
- A.
  
  Counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency
- B.
  
  Counsellors cannot share information with anyone
- C.
  
  Counsellors can share information only within the agency
- D.
  
  Counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court
- E.
  
  Counsellors must consult supervisors before sharing information
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Counsellors cannot share information with anyone

Explanation
Absolute confidentiality means that counsellors are not allowed to share any information with anyone, including the police, within the agency, with permission from the court, or even with their supervisors. This ensures that clients can trust that their information will remain confidential and encourages open and honest communication between clients and counsellors.

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12.

Relative confidentiality means
- A.
  
  Counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency
- B.
  
  Counsellors cannot share information with anyone
- C.
  
  Counsellors can share information with their clients family members
- D.
  
  Counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court
- E.
  
  Confidentiality cannot be guaranteed because of legal constraints
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. Confidentiality cannot be guaranteed because of legal constraints

Explanation
The correct answer is confidentiality cannot be guaranteed because of legal constraints. This means that counselors may not be able to keep all information shared by their clients confidential due to legal obligations or requirements. There may be certain situations where counselors are legally obligated to disclose information, such as if they receive a court order or if there is a risk of harm to the client or others. Therefore, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed in all cases due to these legal constraints.

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13.

Which of the following are considered "core conditions"
- A.
  
  Warmth
- B.
  
  Empathy
- C.
  
  Genuineness
- D.
  
  A and b above
- E.
  
  A and c above
- F.
  
  A, b, and c
Correct Answer
F. A, b, and c

Explanation
The core conditions in counseling are warmth, empathy, and genuineness. These conditions are essential for creating a therapeutic relationship between the counselor and the client. Warmth refers to the counselor's ability to create a supportive and non-judgmental environment. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the client's feelings and experiences. Genuineness means the counselor being authentic and sincere in their interactions with the client. These core conditions help establish trust and facilitate the client's self-exploration and growth.

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14.

The work of the beginning phase involves
- A.
  
  Developing a relationship
- B.
  
  Problem exploration
- C.
  
  Relationship contract
- D.
  
  Creating safety so that clients will engage with counselling
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
The work of the beginning phase in counseling involves multiple tasks. Developing a relationship with the client is important as it establishes trust and rapport. Problem exploration is another crucial aspect, where the counselor helps the client identify and understand their issues. Creating a relationship contract ensures that both parties have a clear understanding of the counseling process and goals. Lastly, creating a safe environment is crucial for clients to feel comfortable and open up during counseling sessions. Therefore, all of the options mentioned above are part of the work in the beginning phase of counseling.

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15.

Abraham Maslow is famous for developing
- A.
  
  Modem theories of counselling
- B.
  
  Procedures for working with resistant clients
- C.
  
  Human stages of growth and development
- D.
  
  The hierarchy of needs
- E.
  
  Theories on the nature of counselling relationships
- F.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. The hierarchy of needs

Explanation
Abraham Maslow is famous for developing the hierarchy of needs. This theory suggests that individuals have a set of needs that must be met in a specific order, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing to higher-level needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been widely influential in the field of psychology and has been applied to various areas, including counseling and personal development. It emphasizes the importance of meeting basic needs before focusing on higher-level needs, providing a framework for understanding human motivation and behavior.

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16.

Transference involves
- A.
  
  Referring clients to appropriate community resources
- B.
  
  Communicating with someone the same way you communicated with significant people in the past
- C.
  
  The tendency of some clients to seek service from multiple agencies
- D.
  
  Imposition of cultural values
- E.
  
  Projecting your feelings on others
- F.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Communicating with someone the same way you communicated with significant people in the past

Explanation
Transference involves communicating with someone the same way you communicated with significant people in the past. This refers to the psychological phenomenon where individuals unconsciously transfer feelings, attitudes, and expectations from past relationships onto their current relationships or interactions. It can influence how individuals perceive and interact with others, often leading to biased or distorted perceptions. Understanding transference is important in therapy and counseling settings, as it helps professionals recognize and address any unresolved issues or emotions that clients may be projecting onto them.

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17.

Counter transference involves
- A.
  
  Strategies for dealing with transference
- B.
  
  The tendency of counsellors to inappropriately shift feelings to clients
- C.
  
  Resistance to referral
- D.
  
  Intake bias
- E.
  
  Failure to utilize the strengths approach
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. The tendency of counsellors to inappropriately shift feelings to clients

Explanation
Countertransference refers to the phenomenon where a therapist unconsciously transfers their own feelings, attitudes, or unresolved issues onto their clients. It occurs when the therapist's own unresolved conflicts or emotions are triggered by the client's words, behavior, or situation. This can lead to biased or inappropriate reactions from the therapist, which can hinder the therapeutic process. It is important for therapists to be aware of their countertransference reactions and work through them in order to provide effective and unbiased therapy.

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18.

Empowerment involves
- A.
  
  Misuse of authority
- B.
  
  Use of authority to require change
- C.
  
  Taking charge of clients lives
- D.
  
  Encouraging clients to take control
- E.
  
  Government acts and regulations
- F.
  
  A state of learned helplessness
Correct Answer
D. Encouraging clients to take control

Explanation
Empowerment involves encouraging clients to take control. This means that the individual is given the necessary support, resources, and opportunities to make decisions and take actions that will positively impact their own lives. It is about promoting self-efficacy and autonomy, allowing clients to have a sense of ownership and responsibility for their own well-being. By encouraging clients to take control, empowerment aims to enhance their confidence, skills, and abilities, ultimately leading to personal growth and positive outcomes.

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19.

All but one of the following is true
- A.
  
  Good listeners ask questions
- B.
  
  Listening is a fundamental building block for the counselling relationship
- C.
  
  When counsellors listen to clients, clients become better able to listen to themselves
- D.
  
  Silence confirms that counsellors are listening
- E.
  
  Effective listening requires attention to the non verbal channel of communication
- F.
  
  All of the above are true
Correct Answer
D. Silence confirms that counsellors are listening

Explanation
Silence confirms that counsellors are listening because when counsellors remain silent, it allows clients to express themselves fully without interruption. It creates a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to share their thoughts and feelings. By staying silent, counsellors show that they are actively engaged and attentive to the client's words and emotions. This can help clients feel heard and validated, promoting a stronger therapeutic relationship and facilitating their own self-reflection and understanding.

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20.

Good listeners
- A.
  
  Predict what others might say
- B.
  
  Offer advice at the earliest possible moment in order to relieve pain
- C.
  
  Make assumptions based on past experiences
- D.
  
  Remain silent
- E.
  
  Use skills such as summarizing and questions to insure they understand
- F.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
E. Use skills such as summarizing and questions to insure they understand

Explanation
Good listeners use skills such as summarizing and asking questions to ensure they understand. This means that they actively engage in the conversation by summarizing what the speaker has said and asking relevant questions to clarify any misunderstandings. By doing so, they demonstrate their attentiveness and willingness to comprehend the speaker's message effectively. This approach helps to ensure effective communication and fosters a deeper understanding between the listener and the speaker.

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21.

Attending is best described as
- A.
  
  Encouraging clients to adhere to the work ethic
- B.
  
  Making appropriate use of silence
- C.
  
  Controlling the interviewing with questions and directives
- D.
  
  The way counsellors communicate to clients that they are ready, willing, and able to listen
- E.
  
  Managed involvement
- F.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. The way counsellors communicate to clients that they are ready, willing, and able to listen

Explanation
Attending refers to the way counselors communicate to clients that they are ready, willing, and able to listen. This involves actively showing interest, empathy, and understanding towards the client's concerns and experiences. Attending can include non-verbal cues such as maintaining eye contact, nodding, and using appropriate body language, as well as verbal cues such as paraphrasing, reflecting, and summarizing the client's statements. By attending to the client in this way, counselors create a safe and supportive environment for the client to express themselves and feel heard.

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22.

Paraphrasing is best described as
- A.
  
  Summarizing
- B.
  
  Repeating verbatim what has been said
- C.
  
  Pseudo-meaning
- D.
  
  Restating the client's statements from a different angle
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Restating the client's statements from a different angle

Explanation
Paraphrasing is the act of expressing someone else's words or ideas in a different way, while still maintaining the original meaning. It involves restating the client's statements from a different angle, which allows for a clearer understanding and helps to ensure effective communication. Paraphrasing is not summarizing, repeating verbatim, or creating pseudo-meaning, so the correct answer is restating the client's statements from a different angle.

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23.

Paraphrasing is a useful way to
- A.
  
  Help clients organize their thoughts
- B.
  
  Confirm that you are listening
- C.
  
  Provide an opportunity for clients to correct distortions
- D.
  
  Develop the counselling relationship
- E.
  
  Potentially all of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. Potentially all of the above

Explanation
Paraphrasing is a useful way to potentially achieve all of the mentioned benefits. By restating what the client has said in their own words, it helps them organize their thoughts and confirms that the counselor is actively listening. Paraphrasing also provides an opportunity for clients to correct any distortions or misunderstandings, which can further enhance the counseling relationship. Therefore, paraphrasing can serve multiple purposes and potentially achieve all of the mentioned benefits.

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24.

Summarizing is a useful way to
- A.
  
  Organize data and sum up ideas
- B.
  
  Control assumptions
- C.
  
  Suggest solutions
- D.
  
  Promote problem solving
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  C and d above
Correct Answer
E. A and b above

Explanation
Summarizing is a useful way to organize data and sum up ideas. It helps in condensing large amounts of information into a concise and coherent form. Additionally, summarizing allows individuals to control assumptions by focusing on the most important and relevant aspects of the data. Therefore, the correct answer is a and b above.

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25.

Leading questions
- A.
  
  Manipulate clients
- B.
  
  Are used to promote the change process
- C.
  
  Communicate to clients that we are following their directions
- D.
  
  Promote client self-determination
- E.
  
  Are essential for focusing the interview
- F.
  
  None ofthe above
Correct Answer
A. Manipulate clients
26.

Which of the following is an example of a leading question?
- A.
  
  Don't you think you should tell her?
- B.
  
  What do you think you should do?
- C.
  
  How do you feel?
- D.
  
  Why don't you tell me what your preference is?
- E.
  
  Go on, tell me more.
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Don't you think you should tell her?

Explanation
The question "Don't you think you should tell her?" is an example of a leading question because it suggests a desired answer or implies a certain response. It assumes that the person being asked should tell her, putting pressure on them to agree with the statement rather than giving an unbiased response.

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27.

As a general rule "Why" questions
- A.
  
  Are essential tools for finding out the root causes of problems
- B.
  
  Give clients an opportunity to explain their behaviour
- C.
  
  Should be used cautiously
- D.
  
  May suggest judgment, disapproval, or embedded advice
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
F. None of the above

Explanation
The correct answer is "none of the above" because the statement "Why" questions are essential tools for finding out the root causes of problems" is true and does not suggest judgment, disapproval, or embedded advice. The statement "Why" questions give clients an opportunity to explain their behavior" is also true and does not imply caution. Therefore, none of the given options accurately describe the general rule of "Why" questions.

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28.

Closed questions
- A.
  
  Usually begin with "Who" "What" "Where" When" or "Why"
- B.
  
  Encourage clients to give detailed answers
- C.
  
  Can be answered with a yes or no
- D.
  
  Manipulate clients to give the correct answer
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Can be answered with a yes or no

Explanation
Closed questions are ones that can be answered with a simple yes or no. They do not require clients to provide detailed answers and are often used to gather specific information quickly. Closed questions do not manipulate clients to give a specific answer, but rather allow them to provide a concise response. Therefore, the correct answer is "can be answered with a yes or no."

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29.

Open questions
- A.
  
  Should be avoided in the early phases of the interview
- B.
  
  Are best utilized only after a trusting relationship is established
- C.
  
  Provide freedom for clients to answer in the way they choose
- D.
  
  Are difficult to answer with a simple yes or no
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  C and d above
Correct Answer
F. C and d above

Explanation
Open questions should be avoided in the early phases of the interview because they provide freedom for clients to answer in the way they choose, which can make it difficult to answer with a simple yes or no. Open questions are best utilized only after a trusting relationship is established, as they allow for more in-depth and meaningful responses. Therefore, the correct answer is c and d above.

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30.

Indirect questions
- A.
  
  Should be avoided
- B.
  
  Are used to provide essential focus to the interview
- C.
  
  Establish counsellor control of the interview
- D.
  
  Are statements that have the same effect as questions
- E.
  
  Can be answered yes or no
- F.
  
  Give clients direction
Correct Answer
D. Are statements that have the same effect as questions

Explanation
Indirect questions are statements that have the same effect as questions. This means that even though they are not phrased as direct questions, they still serve the purpose of eliciting information or engaging the listener in a conversation. Indirect questions can be used to gather information in a more subtle or polite way, allowing the interviewer or counselor to maintain control of the conversation while still obtaining the necessary information. Unlike direct questions, indirect questions do not require a simple yes or no answer and often provide more direction to the clients.

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31.

Simple encouragers are
- A.
  
  Condescending to clients and should be avoided
- B.
  
  Useful for clients who have limited intelligence
- C.
  
  Phrases or gestures that encourage clients
- D.
  
  Short closed questions
- E.
  
  Short open questions
- F.
  
  Short open or closed questions
Correct Answer
C. Phrases or gestures that encourage clients

Explanation
Simple encouragers are phrases or gestures that encourage clients. These are positive statements or actions that show support, understanding, and empathy towards the clients. Simple encouragers can be used to build rapport, establish trust, and create a comfortable environment for clients to express themselves. They can help clients feel heard, validated, and motivated to continue sharing their thoughts and feelings. Simple encouragers are an effective communication technique that can enhance the therapeutic relationship and facilitate the client's progress in therapy.

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32.

Which of the following is an example of a simple encourager?
- A.
  
  Tell me more
- B.
  
  Yes, go on.
- C.
  
  What are some of the obstacles that you have faced?
- D.
  
  Do you agree?
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  C and d above
Correct Answer
E. A and b above

Explanation
The correct answer is "a and b above". Both "Tell me more" and "Yes, go on" are examples of simple encouragers. These statements show interest and encourage the speaker to continue sharing their thoughts and experiences.

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33.

The cognitive area is associated with
- A.
  
  Thinking
- B.
  
  Feeling
- C.
  
  Behaviour
- D.
  
  Feeling and behaviour
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Thinking

Explanation
The cognitive area is associated with thinking. Cognitive processes refer to the mental activities involved in acquiring, processing, and using information. Thinking is a cognitive process that involves mental activities such as reasoning, problem-solving, decision making, and perception. It encompasses the processes of gathering and organizing information, analyzing and evaluating it, and generating thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. Therefore, thinking is a key component of the cognitive area.

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34.

The affective area is associated with
- A.
  
  Behaviour
- B.
  
  Emotions
- C.
  
  Self-talk
- D.
  
  The impact of one 's behaviour on others
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Emotions

Explanation
The affective area is associated with emotions. Emotions are a fundamental aspect of the affective domain, which refers to the emotional and attitudinal aspects of learning. This area focuses on understanding and managing one's emotions, as well as recognizing and empathizing with the emotions of others. It involves the ability to express emotions appropriately and regulate them effectively. Therefore, emotions are an integral part of the affective area.

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35.

Which of the following is an example of a directive?
- A.
  
  Tell me more.
- B.
  
  What do you mean?
- C.
  
  Did you mean to say that you are finished with the relationship
- D.
  
  What are you going to do?
- E.
  
  It sounds like you are feeling sad.
- F.
  
  No!
Correct Answer
A. Tell me more.

Explanation
The phrase "Tell me more" is an example of a directive because it is a command or instruction that is asking for additional information or further explanation. It is prompting the person to provide more details or expand on what they have already said.

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36.

Non verbal communication may
- A.
  
  Contradict verbal messages
- B.
  
  Confirm ideas
- C.
  
  Substitute for verbal communication
- D.
  
  Vary because of cultural and individual differences
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
Non verbal communication can contradict verbal messages because sometimes people may say one thing but their body language, facial expressions, or tone of voice may convey a different message. Non verbal communication can also confirm ideas by providing additional cues or signals that support or reinforce verbal messages. It can substitute for verbal communication when people use gestures, facial expressions, or body language to convey meaning without using words. Finally, non verbal communication can vary because of cultural and individual differences, as different cultures may have different norms and interpretations of non verbal cues, and individuals may have their own unique ways of expressing themselves non verbally.

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37.

Affect (as defined by the text) is a term used to
- A.
  
  List the consequences of behaviour
- B.
  
  Consider indirect communication
- C.
  
  Describe how people express emotions
- D.
  
  Describe the natural tendency of counsellors to be touched by the pain of their clients
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Describe how people express emotions

Explanation
The term "affect" is defined in the text as describing how people express emotions. This means that it refers to the way individuals show or display their feelings. It does not refer to listing consequences of behavior, considering indirect communication, or describing the natural tendency of counselors to be touched by their clients' pain. Therefore, the correct answer is "describe how people express emotions."

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38.

Empathy involves
- A.
  
  Understanding the emotions of others
- B.
  
  Communicating understanding
- C.
  
  Experiencing the emotions of others
- D.
  
  Feeling sorry for clients
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  C and d above
Correct Answer
E. A and b above

Explanation
Empathy involves understanding the emotions of others and communicating understanding. It is the ability to put oneself in someone else's shoes, comprehend their feelings, and effectively convey that understanding to them. Feeling sorry for clients, as mentioned in option d, is not necessarily a component of empathy. Therefore, options a and b above accurately describe the aspects of empathy.

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39.

Sympathy differs from empathy in that
- A.
  
  Empathic responses attend to the client's feelings
- B.
  
  Sympathetic responses are related to the counsellor's feelings
- C.
  
  Empathy is associated with both counsellor and client feelings
- D.
  
  Sympathy is an essential component of empathy
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
E. A and b above

Explanation
The correct answer is "a and b above". This is because empathy involves attending to the client's feelings, while sympathy is related to the counselor's feelings. Therefore, both a and b are correct statements that differentiate sympathy from empathy.

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40.

Empowerment involves
- A.
  
  Taking charge of the interview
- B.
  
  Energizing the helping process
- C.
  
  Helping clients discover personal strengths and capacities
- D.
  
  Use of authority to require change
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Helping clients discover personal strengths and capacities

Explanation
Empowerment involves helping clients discover their personal strengths and capacities. This means that instead of imposing change or using authority to require change, the focus is on supporting clients in recognizing their own abilities and resources. By doing so, empowerment encourages individuals to take charge of their own lives and make positive changes based on their own strengths and capabilities. This approach energizes the helping process and promotes self-reliance and autonomy.

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41.

Resistance may originate because of
- A.
  
  Problems in the counselling relationship
- B.
  
  Failure of the client to perceive a problem
- C.
  
  Belief that taking help is a sign of weakness
- D.
  
  Fear of change
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
Resistance in counseling can occur due to various reasons. Problems in the counseling relationship, such as a lack of trust or rapport between the client and counselor, can lead to resistance. Additionally, if the client fails to perceive a problem or does not see the need for help, they may resist the counseling process. Some individuals may also believe that seeking help is a sign of weakness, which can create resistance. Lastly, fear of change can cause clients to resist exploring and addressing their issues. Therefore, all of the mentioned reasons can contribute to resistance in counseling.

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42.

DSM-IV-TR is best described as a
- A.
  
  Book on best treatment strategies
- B.
  
  Classification system for mental disorders
- C.
  
  Dictionary of different counselling philosophies
- D.
  
  Physicians guide to physical illness
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Classification system for mental disorders

Explanation
The DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) is a classification system for mental disorders. It provides a standardized criteria and classification system for diagnosing and categorizing mental health conditions. It is widely used by mental health professionals to guide assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning for individuals with mental disorders.

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43.

The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (OAF) is used to
- A.
  
  Measure the demographics of mental disorders around the world
- B.
  
  Scale a person's highest level of social, occupational, and psychological functioning
- C.
  
  Make cross-cultural decisions
- D.
  
  Rate the severity of psychotic symptoms
- E.
  
  Compare how different individuals handle mental disorders
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Scale a person's highest level of social, occupational, and psychological functioning

Explanation
The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) is a tool used to measure a person's highest level of social, occupational, and psychological functioning. It assesses an individual's overall functioning across different areas of their life, including their ability to engage in social relationships, maintain employment, and manage their mental health. The scale provides a standardized way to rate and compare individuals' functioning levels, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of their overall well-being and the impact of mental disorders on their daily lives.

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44.

Residential schools in Canada
- A.
  
  Are associated with well-documented physical and sexual abuse
- B.
  
  Forced children to accept Christian values
- C.
  
  Assisted First Nations people to assimilate
- D.
  
  Provided opportunity for wealthy Canadians to school their children
- E.
  
  A and b above
- F.
  
  C and d above
Correct Answer
E. A and b above

Explanation
The residential schools in Canada were known for the well-documented physical and sexual abuse that took place within their walls. Additionally, these schools forced children to accept Christian values, as part of the assimilation process. The combination of these two factors, a and b, accurately reflects the association of residential schools with abuse and the imposition of Christian values.

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45.

Aboriginals are
- A.
  
  English settlers to Canada
- B.
  
  French and English settlers to Canada
- C.
  
  Indians, Metis, and Inuit
- D.
  
  Recent immigrants
- E.
  
  All of the above
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Indians, Metis, and Inuit

Explanation
The correct answer is Indians, Metis, and Inuit. Aboriginals in Canada refer to the indigenous peoples who were the original inhabitants of the land. This includes First Nations (Indians), Métis, and Inuit. They have a distinct cultural and historical identity that predates the arrival of European settlers, such as the English and French. Recent immigrants would not be considered Aboriginals. Therefore, the correct answer is Indians, Metis, and Inuit.

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46.

The term Status Indian refers to
- A.
  
  Aboriginals who occupy positions of authority
- B.
  
  Indians registered under the Indian Act of Canada
- C.
  
  Legal immigrants from India
- D.
  
  Any person with more than 25% Indian ancestry
- E.
  
  An elder
- F.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Indians registered under the Indian Act of Canada

Explanation
The term "Status Indian" refers to Indians who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. This act defines who is considered to be a "Status Indian" and provides certain rights and benefits to individuals who meet the criteria. This includes access to healthcare, education, and other social programs. The term does not apply to aboriginals in positions of authority, legal immigrants from India, individuals with Indian ancestry, or elders.

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Current Version
Aug 29, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Dec 08, 2012

Quiz Created by
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Interviewing And Counselling

Counselling is defined by

Counselling may involve

Ethics are

Counselling contracts

Empowering skills

Which of the following is an example of a directive

Active listening involves

Objectivity is best described as

Rescuing

Which of the following represents a "dual relationship"

Absolute confidentiality means

Relative confidentiality means

Which of the following are considered "core conditions"

The work of the beginning phase involves

Abraham Maslow is famous for developing

Transference involves

Counter transference involves

Empowerment involves

All but one of the following is true

Good listeners

Attending is best described as

Paraphrasing is best described as

Paraphrasing is a useful way to

Summarizing is a useful way to

Leading questions

Which of the following is an example of a leading question?

As a general rule "Why" questions

Closed questions

Open questions

Indirect questions

Simple encouragers are

Which of the following is an example of a simple encourager?

The cognitive area is associated with

The affective area is associated with

Which of the following is an example of a directive?

Non verbal communication may

Affect (as defined by the text) is a term used to

Empathy involves

Sympathy differs from empathy in that

Empowerment involves

Resistance may originate because of

DSM-IV-TR is best described as a

The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (OAF) is used to

Residential schools in Canada

Aboriginals are

The term Status Indian refers to