Child Psychology - Qp6

Explanation
Newborn infants are unable to communicate their discomfort or dissatisfaction during a test, making it difficult to ensure that the test results are unaffected by their discomfort. Additionally, newborns sleep for most of the day, which limits the amount of time available for studying and conducting tests on them.

Explanation
The technique that Fantz used to test the perceptual abilities of newborn infants was known as the preferential looking technique. This technique involves presenting infants with two different stimuli and observing their visual preference or attention towards one of the stimuli. By measuring the amount of time the infants spend looking at each stimulus, researchers can gain insights into their visual preferences and perceptual abilities. This technique has been widely used in developmental psychology to study visual perception in infants.

Explanation
Three infants aged from 6 to 14 months crawled off the cliff in Gibson and Walk's 'Visual Cliff' technique.

Explanation
Animals have been shown to possess innate depth perception. Depth perception is the ability to perceive the distance of objects and perceive the world in three dimensions. Many animals, such as primates, birds, and even some insects, have been observed to possess depth perception. This ability is crucial for survival, as it helps animals navigate their environment, judge distances, and hunt or avoid predators. Therefore, the statement that animals have not been shown to possess innate depth perception is false.

Explanation
Monocular cues are visual cues that can be perceived with only one eye. Relative size is a monocular cue that allows us to determine the size of objects by comparing them to other objects in the visual field. Motion parallax is another monocular cue that allows us to perceive depth and distance by observing the relative motion of objects as we move. Superposition is a monocular cue that refers to the overlapping of objects, which can give us information about their relative distance from the viewer. Therefore, the correct answer is relative size, motion parallax, and superposition.

Explanation
In Riesen's studies of chimpanzees, two results occurred. Firstly, sudden changes of illumination startled the animals. This suggests that chimpanzees are sensitive to abrupt changes in lighting conditions and it affects their behavior. Secondly, the chimpanzees did not blink at a threatening motion towards the face. This indicates that they may have a different response to threatening stimuli compared to humans, potentially due to differences in their evolutionary history or social behavior.

Explanation
Riesen's experiments demonstrated that early visual experience is crucial for the development of normal vision. This implies that if visual experience is not provided in the early stages of life, it may hinder the development of normal vision. Therefore, the statement "Riesen's experiments showed that if normal vision is to develop, it is important to have visual experience early on" is true.

Explanation
Robert Fantz conducted research to determine if young infants have the ability to perceive shape, pattern, size, and solidity. This suggests that the statement is true, as he attempted to discover these perceptual abilities in infants.