Biological Perspective Quiz 2 - Neurotransmitters

The yellow part shown on the diagram is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells. It is responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Axons are covered by a fatty substance called myelin, which helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical signals.

Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a pre-synaptic neuron. This allows the neurotransmitters to be recycled and used again in synaptic transmission.

The correct order of occurrence is as follows: A. Action potential travels along axon of sending neuron, C. Synaptic transmission occurs when the action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released by the synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals, D. The neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind with the correctly shaped receptor sites on the receiving neuron, and finally B. The neurotransmitter must fit perfectly into the receptor.

Drugs can mimic neurotransmitters, block receptor sites on receiving neurons, and block the reuptake of neurotransmitters. Therefore, none of the effects listed can be excluded as something drugs cannot do.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. It is involved in learning and memory by facilitating the communication between neurons in the brain, which aids in the formation and retrieval of memories. Acetylcholine also plays a role in muscle contractions by transmitting signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers, allowing for voluntary movement and control. Therefore, the correct answer is "learning, memory, muscle contractions."