B1 End Of Topic Test
A test to see how much you know about the 21st Century Science topic B1: You and Your Genes.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Steve has a twin brother called Dave. Steve and Dave do not look completely like each other. Explain why. [1m]
- 2.
Jadzia has similarities to her mother and similarities to her father, but is not identical to either of them. Use your knowledge of genes, sexual reproduction and the environment to explain why. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. [5m+1]
- 3.
Foetuses can be tested by removing a sample of amniotic fluid (the fluid surrouding the baby while it grows in the uterus). The cells found in the fluid can then be tested. There is a 1% chance that this test could result in the mother having a misscarriage. [3m] Using this informaiton, explain clearly three things that the parents need to think about before they decide whether or not to have the test.
- 4.
Imagine that you are a genetic counsellor (someone who gives advice to people about genetic diseases. What advice would you give Charles and Eva? [2m]
- 5.
The use of human embryos to produce stem cells has caused a lot of arguments. Some people think that using stem cells from human adults would cause fewer arguments. Discuss how using adult stem cells differs from using embryonic stem cells and why this might cause fewer arguments. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. [5m+1]
- 6.
Doctors have said that it is right to test all babies for PKU even though it costs the NHS money. Use the information about PKU and your answers to questions 22 and 2to suggest reasons why the doctors have come to this conclusion. [3m]
- 7.
Steve's genotype will be X__.
Explanation
Steve's genotype will be Y,XY. This is because the presence of a Y chromosome determines male sex, while the absence of a Y chromosome results in female sex. Since Steve has one Y chromosome, he will be male. Additionally, he also has one X chromosome, which is necessary for normal development. Therefore, Steve's genotype will be Y,XY.Rate this question:
- 8.
Which of Steve's sex chromosomes did he inherit from his mother?
- A.
X
- B.
Y
- C.
Both
- D.
Neither
Correct Answer
A. XExplanation
His mother can only carry X chromosomes as she is female.Rate this question:
-
- 9.
A science class has many students of different heights. Which two factors best explain why? Put ticks in the boxes next to the two best answers.
- A.
The students are all in the same age group.
- B.
Height is controlled by several different genes.
- C.
Height is affected by environmental factors such as lifestyle.
- D.
Height is affected by the number of students in the class.
- E.
All children grow at the same rate.
- F.
The students are all the same sex.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Height is controlled by several different genes.
C. Height is affected by environmental factors such as lifestyle.Explanation
Height is controlled by several different genes because genes play a significant role in determining an individual's height. Different combinations of genes inherited from parents can result in variations in height among individuals.
Height is affected by environmental factors such as lifestyle because factors like nutrition, exercise, and overall health can influence the growth and development of an individual. A healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition and regular physical activity can contribute to optimal growth and height attainment.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
Foetuses can be tested to see if they have the alleles that will cause genetic disorders. Which two decisions may parents have to make after the results of a genetic test on the foetus? Tick the two most important decisions. They may decide whether or not to...
- A.
...have a vaccination.
- B.
...have the pregnancy terminated.
- C.
...name the baby after a grandparent.
- D.
...have an anaesthetic during the baby's birth.
- E.
...have any more children.
- F.
...tell the grandparents the sex of the foetus before it is born.
Correct Answer(s)
B. ...have the pregnancy terminated.
E. ...have any more children.Explanation
After receiving the results of a genetic test on the foetus, parents may have to make the decision of whether or not to terminate the pregnancy if the foetus has alleles that will cause genetic disorders. They may also have to decide whether or not to have any more children, considering the potential risks and implications of genetic disorders.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
Clones can be produced artificially. A nucleus from a body cell of a donor can be put into an egg cell. Which of the following statements about this type of cloning are true?
- A.
The clone is genetically different to the donor.
- B.
The clone has two nuclei in each cell.
- C.
A new nucleus is placed in an empty egg cell.
- D.
The donor nucleus is removed from an adult body cell.
- E.
The nucleus is removed from an egg cell.
Correct Answer(s)
C. A new nucleus is placed in an empty egg cell.
D. The donor nucleus is removed from an adult body cell.
E. The nucleus is removed from an egg cell.Explanation
This type of cloning involves taking a nucleus from a body cell of a donor and placing it into an empty egg cell. Therefore, the statement "A new nucleus is placed in an empty egg cell" is true. Additionally, the process involves removing the donor nucleus from an adult body cell and removing the nucleus from an egg cell. This means that the statements "The donor nucleus is removed from an adult body cell" and "The nucleus is removed from an egg cell" are also true. The statement "The clone is genetically different to the donor" is not true, as the clone will have the same genetic material as the donor. The statement "The clone has two nuclei in each cell" is also not true, as the clone will have a single nucleus in each cell.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
Stem cells can also be used to make clones. Which of the following statements are true?
- A.
Embryos can be used to make stem cells.
- B.
Each clone has different DNA.
- C.
Half the clones are male, and half the clones are female.
- D.
The cloned cells never become specialised.
- E.
The stem cells may be used to treat some diseases.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Embryos can be used to make stem cells.
E. The stem cells may be used to treat some diseases.Explanation
Embryos can be used to make stem cells because embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos. The stem cells may be used to treat some diseases because stem cells have the potential to develop into different types of cells and tissues, which can be used for therapeutic purposes.Rate this question:
-
- 13.
This family tree shows the inheritance of Cystic Fibrosis. Fill in the gaps in the sentence below using one of these words. Co-dominant Dominant Normal Recessive Cystic fibrosis is a _____________ genetic disease.
Correct Answer(s)
recessiveExplanation
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene (one from each parent) in order to have the disease. If only one copy of the gene is inherited, the individual will be a carrier of the disease but will not have any symptoms. The presence of a dominant gene would result in a different inheritance pattern, where only one copy of the gene is needed to have the disease. Co-dominant and normal genes do not cause cystic fibrosis.Rate this question:
- 14.
Using the family tree from the previous question, which person is a female who has inherited two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele?
Correct Answer(s)
charlotteExplanation
Charlotte is the correct answer because she is the only person mentioned in the question and is identified as a female. Additionally, the question states that she has inherited two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele, implying that she carries the genetic mutation for cystic fibrosis.Rate this question:
- 15.
Using the family tree, name one carrier of the cystic fibrosis allele.
Correct Answer(s)
Constance
Sarah
Harold
Charles
Eva
Samantha
SandyExplanation
The given answer lists all the names from the family tree, implying that all of them are carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele.Rate this question:
- 16.
Charles and Eva decide that they want to have another child. What is the probabilty that they will have another child who has cystic fibrosis? _____%
Correct Answer(s)
25
25%
25 %Explanation
The probability of Charles and Eva having another child with cystic fibrosis is 25%.Rate this question:
- 17.
What is the probabilty that Charles and Eva will have a child who does not carry the cystic fibrosis allele? _____%
Correct Answer(s)
25
25%
25 %Explanation
The probability of Charles and Eva having a child who does not carry the cystic fibrosis allele is 25%. This means that there is a 25% chance that their child will not inherit the cystic fibrosis allele from either parent.Rate this question:
- 18.
What is the probabilty that Charles and Eva will have a child who carries the cystic fibrosis allele but does not suffer from the disease? _____%
Correct Answer(s)
50
50%
50 %Explanation
The probability that Charles and Eva will have a child who carries the cystic fibrosis allele but does not suffer from the disease is 50%. This is because cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both parents must carry the allele for their child to have the disease. Since the question states that the child does not suffer from the disease, it can be inferred that only one parent carries the allele. Therefore, the probability is 50% that the child carries the allele but does not have the disease.Rate this question:
- 19.
Scientists think embryonic stem cells could be used to treat some illnesses for which there is currently no cure. Complete the sentences about stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can develop into any kind of cell. Therefore, stem cells are described as ____________________________ .
Correct Answer(s)
non-specialised
nonspecialised
unspecialised
undifferentiated
pluripotent
totipotentExplanation
Embryonic stem cells can develop into any kind of cell, which means they are capable of differentiating into specialized cell types. Therefore, they are described as non-specialized, unspecialized, undifferentiated, pluripotent, or totipotent. These terms all refer to the ability of stem cells to give rise to various cell types and have the potential to be used in treating illnesses for which there is currently no cure.Rate this question:
- 20.
During development of multi-cellular organisms, stem cells become____________________________ .
Correct Answer(s)
specialised
differentiatedExplanation
During the development of multi-cellular organisms, stem cells undergo a process called specialization or differentiation. This process involves the stem cells acquiring specific characteristics and functions to become specialized cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, or skin cells. This specialization allows the cells to perform specific roles in the organism's body and contribute to the overall functioning and structure of the organism.Rate this question:
- 21.
PKU is a genetic disorder. After a science lesson about genetics, some friends discuss what they think genes are. Fiona: All of our characteristics are determined by genes. Pasang: Genes are made from chromosomes. Rachel: Genes are instructions to control how an organism develops and functions. Lionel: Genes are made from DNA and are found in the nucleus of a cell. Write down the names of the two people who make correct statements. answers.....................................................and.......................................................................[1m]
Correct Answer(s)
Lionel Rachel
Lionel and RachelExplanation
Lionel and Rachel both make correct statements. Lionel states that genes are made from DNA and are found in the nucleus of a cell, which is accurate. Rachel states that genes are instructions to control how an organism develops and functions, which is also correct.Rate this question:
- 22.
Doctors estimate that between 1 in 10 000 and 1 in 12 000 babies born in the UK has PKU. The Office for National Statistics reported that 710 000 babies were born in the UK in 2008. Estimate the lower and upper limits for the number of babies born in the UK in 2008 that you would expect to have PKU. from .......................... to .......................... [1m]
Correct Answer(s)
59 71
59 to 71
from 59 to 71Explanation
Based on the given information, doctors estimate that between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 12,000 babies born in the UK has PKU. In 2008, 710,000 babies were born in the UK. To estimate the lower and upper limits for the number of babies born in the UK in 2008 that would be expected to have PKU, we can calculate the range by dividing the total number of babies by the estimated ratio.
Lower limit: 710,000 / 12,000 = 59.17
Upper limit: 710,000 / 10,000 = 71
Therefore, the estimated range for the number of babies born in the UK in 2008 that would be expected to have PKU is from 59 to 71.Rate this question:
- 23.
Testing a baby for PKU costs the NHS £6. Estimate the upper and lower limits of the cost to the NHS of identifying one baby with PKU. from £.......................... to £......................... [1]
Correct Answer(s)
£60 000 to £72 000
from £60 000 to £72 000
60 000 to 72 000
from 60 000 to 72 000
60 000 72 000Explanation
The upper and lower limits of the cost to the NHS of identifying one baby with PKU are estimated to be £60,000 to £72,000.Rate this question:
- 24.
Mary and Steve are sister and brother. They have both inherited sex chromosomes from their parents. Mary's genotype will be __.
Correct Answer(s)
XXExplanation
If Mary is a female (sister) and she has inherited sex chromosomes from her parents, her genotype will typically be X followed by another X, making her genotype XX. In females, both sex chromosomes are X, while in males, the genotype is XY because they inherit one X chromosome from their mother and one Y chromosome from their father. So, in Mary's case, her genotype will be XX.Rate this question:
Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
-
Current Version
-
Nov 09, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Nov 06, 2011Quiz Created by
As_biology_f211
Quiz: How Well Do You Know Different Science Careers?
Quiz: How Well Do You Know Different Science Careers?
Magnetic Particle Testing: Principles and Practice Quiz
Magnetic Particle Testing: Principles and Practice Quiz
General Science - General Knowledge questions and answers
General Science - General Knowledge questions and answers
Medical Specialty Quiz - Which Medical Specialty Is It?
Medical Specialty Quiz - Which Medical Specialty Is It?
Maladaptive Daydreaming Test: Am I A Maladaptive Daydreamer?
Maladaptive Daydreaming Test: Am I A Maladaptive Daydreamer?
Uncover Your True Personality: Take the 'What Am I?' Quiz
Uncover Your True Personality: Take the 'What Am I?' Quiz
- Aeronautics Quizzes
- Aerospace Quizzes
- Agricultural Science Quizzes
- Astrology Quizzes
- Astronomy Quizzes
- Atom Quizzes
- Biochemistry Quizzes
- Biology Quizzes
- Biomechanics Quizzes
- Biostatistics Quizzes
- Biotechnology Quizzes
- Botany Quizzes
- Branches Of Science Quizzes
- Chemistry Quizzes
- Cytology Quizzes
- Easy Science Quizzes
- Ecology Quizzes
- Electrical Quizzes
- Embryology Quizzes
- Endocrinology Quizzes
- Engineering Quizzes
- Environmental Science Quizzes
- Epidemiology Quizzes
- Experiment Quizzes
- Forestry Quizzes
- Fossil Quizzes
- Gas Quizzes
- General Science Quizzes
- Genetics Quizzes
- Histology Quizzes
- Human Biology Quizzes
- Integrated Science Quizzes
- Invention Quizzes
- Library Science Quizzes
- Lighting Quizzes
- Liquid Quizzes
- Marine Biology Quizzes
- Microbiology Quizzes
- Molecular Biology Quizzes
- Nature Quizzes
- Neuroscience Quizzes
- Nuclear Science Quizzes
- Oceanography Quizzes
- Physics Quizzes
- Psychology Quizzes
- Science And Technology Quizzes
- Science Glossary Quizzes
- Science Knowledge Quizzes
- Science Practice Quizzes
- Scientific Method Quizzes
- Scientific Notation Quizzes
- Soil Science Quizzes
- Solar System Quizzes
- Solid Quizzes
- Zoology Quizzes
Back to top