Sociology Ch 1 Vocab

Explanation
The correct answer is "Class Struggle" or "class struggle". This refers to the conflict between different social or economic classes within a society. It is a concept often associated with Marxist theory, which asserts that societal progress is driven by the struggle between the ruling class and the working class. The term "class struggle" highlights the ongoing tension and competition between these classes for resources, power, and social influence.

Explanation
Counterculture refers to a group that opposes and rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society. Instead, they establish their own set of cultural patterns. This can involve challenging societal norms, advocating for alternative lifestyles, and promoting different beliefs and practices. Countercultures often emerge as a response to dissatisfaction with the dominant culture and seek to create alternative social structures and ways of living. They can be seen as a form of social rebellion or resistance against the mainstream society.

Explanation
The term "Cultural Universe" refers to the common features or elements that can be found in all human cultures. These features may include language, social organization, customs, beliefs, values, and symbols. The concept of cultural universals suggests that despite the diversity of human cultures, there are certain fundamental aspects that are shared by all societies. These common features are essential for the functioning and survival of human societies and contribute to the development of a shared human experience.

Explanation
Culture refers to all the shared products of human groups, encompassing physical objects, beliefs, values, and behaviors. It is the collective knowledge, customs, and practices that are passed down from one generation to another within a society. Culture shapes the way people think, act, and interact with each other. It provides individuals with a sense of identity and belonging, as well as a framework for understanding the world around them. Through culture, societies are able to establish norms, traditions, and social structures that help maintain order and cohesion.

Explanation
This answer refers to the concept of empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. The statement suggests that when someone has experienced a similar problem or situation, they can relate to and understand the emotions and experiences of another person going through the same thing. This understanding allows for a deeper connection and support between individuals.

Explanation
Ethnocentrism refers to the inclination to perceive one's own culture and social group as superior to others. It involves evaluating and judging other cultures and societies based on the standards and values of one's own culture. This mindset can lead to a biased and narrow perspective, as it prevents individuals from appreciating and understanding the diversity and uniqueness of other cultures. Ethnocentrism can create divisions, misunderstandings, and conflicts between different groups, hindering intercultural communication and cooperation.

Explanation
Functionalism is a sociological perspective that focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability and harmony. It suggests that society is like a living organism, with interrelated parts that support the whole. The manifest functions of social institutions are the intended and recognized consequences, while the latent functions are the unintended and unrecognized consequences. Functionalism also emphasizes that individuals and groups interact in order to gain something, such as social status, resources, or power. Therefore, the given answer "Functionalism" aligns with the concepts of manifest/latent functions and the interrelated parts supporting the whole.

Explanation
Humanitarianism is the correct answer because it refers to the belief or doctrine that emphasizes the importance of promoting human welfare. It is a philosophy that focuses on the well-being and dignity of all individuals, advocating for their rights and providing assistance to those in need. Humanitarianism encourages acts of compassion, empathy, and support towards others, aiming to alleviate suffering and improve the overall quality of human life.

Explanation
The given answer, "Language," is correct because it accurately describes the process of organizing written or spoken symbols into a standardized system. Language is a fundamental aspect of human communication and allows individuals to convey meaning and exchange information through a shared system of symbols, such as words, grammar, and syntax. This answer aligns with the definition and understanding of language as a system of communication used by humans.

Explanation
The term "latent function" refers to a hidden or unintended consequence or outcome of a social institution or behavior. In this context, the explanation suggests that there is a goal that we are trying to achieve, but it may not be immediately apparent or obvious. This implies that there may be underlying or hidden functions or purposes that are not immediately visible, but still contribute to the overall goal.

Explanation
Manifest function refers to the intended and recognized consequence of a particular element or institution in society. It is a purposeful outcome that is consciously intended and anticipated by individuals or groups. For example, the manifest function of education is to provide knowledge and skills to individuals, enabling them to become productive members of society. This answer accurately describes the concept of manifest function without explicitly stating it.

Explanation
Norms are the shared rules of conduct that guide individuals on how to behave in specific situations. These norms are established within a particular society or group and help to maintain social order and cohesion. They provide a framework for acceptable behavior and help individuals understand what is expected of them in various social contexts. Norms can vary across cultures and can encompass a wide range of behaviors, from simple etiquette to more complex moral and ethical standards. Overall, norms play a crucial role in shaping social interactions and ensuring that individuals act in a manner that is deemed appropriate by their community.

Explanation
Observationism is a philosophical belief that emphasizes the importance of observation and empirical evidence in forming knowledge and understanding. This aligns with the statement "It must be seen, if it's not seen it's not believable," as it suggests that only through direct observation can something be considered true or valid. Observationism rejects the idea of blindly accepting beliefs or ideas without concrete evidence, highlighting the significance of tangible proof in forming reliable knowledge.

Explanation
The scientific method refers to a systematic approach used to gather empirical data and draw conclusions in an objective and logical manner. It involves several steps, including making observations, formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments or studies, analyzing the data collected, and drawing conclusions based on the results. This method ensures that the conclusions are based on evidence and can be replicated by others, making it a reliable and effective way of acquiring knowledge in the scientific field.

Explanation
Social Darwinism is a perspective that believes societies evolve towards stability and perfection. It draws inspiration from Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and applies it to human societies, suggesting that the strongest and most successful individuals or groups will thrive and progress, while weaker ones will perish. This perspective justifies social inequality and promotes competition as a means to achieve progress. It has been used to support discriminatory practices and policies, as it implies that those who are less successful or marginalized are simply less fit or deserving.

Explanation
A society is a group of people who are interconnected and rely on each other for various aspects of their lives. They have come together to form social bonds and share a common culture, which includes their beliefs, values, and norms. This collective identity creates a sense of unity among the members of the society.

Explanation
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It examines how individuals and groups interact within society, as well as the social structures and institutions that shape human behavior. Sociology seeks to understand social phenomena such as social inequality, social change, and social norms. It uses various research methods to gather and analyze data in order to generate theories and explanations about human social behavior. Sociology is a broad field that encompasses various sub-disciplines, including the study of social stratification, social psychology, and social institutions.

Explanation
A sub-culture refers to a group within a larger culture that has its own distinct set of values, norms, and behaviors. This group may share some similarities with the larger culture but also has its own unique characteristics that differentiate it from the mainstream culture. Sub-cultures can form based on various factors such as shared interests, beliefs, or experiences, and they often develop their own subcultures within them. These sub-cultures may have their own language, fashion, music, and other cultural aspects that set them apart from the larger culture.

Explanation
Symbolic interaction refers to the process of communication and interaction between individuals through the use of symbols. These symbols can include language, gestures, signs, or any other form of representation that carries meaning. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the role of symbols in shaping social interactions and the construction of meaning in society. It suggests that individuals interpret and give meaning to symbols in their interactions with others, and these interpretations influence their behavior and social relationships. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes the concept of symbolic interaction.

Explanation
Sympathy is the correct answer because it refers to the feeling of compassion, understanding, or pity towards someone else's suffering or difficulties, even if we have not experienced the same situation ourselves. In this scenario, the person feels bad for someone without fully comprehending or having personal knowledge of the specific challenges they are facing, similar to not having broken a bone. Sympathy allows us to acknowledge and empathize with others' emotions and struggles, offering support and comfort.

Explanation
The term "value" refers to the relative worth, merit, or importance of something. It is a measure of how much something is considered valuable or desirable. In this context, value can be used to assess the significance or worth of an object, idea, or concept. It indicates the importance or usefulness that something holds, and can vary from person to person based on individual perspectives and preferences.

Explanation
The given statement describes shared beliefs that individuals or a society hold regarding what is considered good or bad, right or wrong, and desirable or undesirable. These shared beliefs are known as values. Values act as guiding principles that influence people's behavior, choices, and attitudes. They provide a framework for individuals and societies to make decisions and prioritize certain ideals or goals.

Explanation
Verstehen refers to the empathetic understanding of the meanings others attach to their actions. It is a concept developed by sociologist Max Weber, emphasizing the importance of understanding social behavior from the perspective of those involved. Verstehen involves putting oneself in the shoes of others and comprehending the subjective meanings they give to their actions, rather than imposing one's own interpretations. This approach allows for a deeper understanding of social phenomena and facilitates more accurate analysis and interpretation of human behavior.